Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Veneration to the Blessed One, Arahant, Rightly Self-Enlightened

Khuddakanikāye – In the Minor Collection [1]

Udānapāḷi – Book of Inspired Utterances

1. Bodhivaggo – Section on Enlightenment

1.1 (1) Paṭhamabodhisuttaṃ – First Enlightenment Sutta [2]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī [vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedī (syā. pī. ka.)]. Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomaṃ sādhukaṃ manasākāsi –

“Iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjati, yadidaṃ – avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V1 “Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,

Yato pajānāti sahetudhamma”nti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Uruvelā on the bank of the River Nerañjarā at the root of the Bodhi Tree after being newly self-enlightened. At that time the Blessed One was sitting cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom. Then, at the end of seven days, having emerged from that concentration, in the first watch of the night, Blessed One mentally recited the good dependent origination in forward order thus –

“When this exists that exists, with the arising of this arises that, namely – ignorance causes formations [to arise], formations cause consciousness [to arise], consciousness causes name-and-form [to arise], name-and-form cause six sense-bases [to arise], six sense-bases cause contact [to arise], contact causes feelings [to arise], feelings cause craving [to arise], craving causes clinging [to arise], clinging causes becoming [to arise], becoming causes birth [to arise], birth causes old age-death sorrow-lamentation-suffering-mental sadness-despair to arise. Thus, this is the origination of the entire aggregate of suffering”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T1 “Indeed when these phenomena manifest,

To the ardently meditating brāhmaṇa [Arahant];

Then all his doubts disappear,

For the one who knows phenomena with it’s causes”. First.

1.2 (2) Dutiyabodhisuttaṃ – Second Enlightenment Sutta [3]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – eka samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ paṭilomaṃ sādhukaṃ manasākāsi –

“Iti imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati, yadidaṃ – avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho, saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V2 “Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,

Yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedī”ti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Uruvelā on the bank of the River Nerañjarā at the root of the Bodhi Tree after being newly self-enlightened. At that time the Blessed One was sitting cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom. Then, at the end of seven days, having emerged from that concentration, in the middle watch of the night, Blessed One mentally recited the good dependent origination in backward order thus –

“When this doesn’t exist that doesn’t exist, with the cessation of this ceases that, namely – with the cessation of ignorance formations cease, with the cessation of formations consciousness ceases, with the cessation of consciousness name-and-form cease, with the cessation of name-and-form six sense-bases cease, with the cessation of six sense-bases contact ceases, with the cessation of contact feelings cease, with the cessation of feelings craving ceases, with the cessation of craving clinging ceases, with the cessation of clinging becoming ceases, with the cessation of becoming birth ceases, with the cessation of birth old age-death sorrow-lamentation-suffering-mental sadness-despair cease. Thus, this is the cessation of the entire aggregate of suffering”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T2 “Indeed when these phenomena manifest,

To the ardently meditating brāhmaṇa [Arahant];

Then all his doubts disappear,

For one who knows the ending of causes”. Second.

1.3 (3) Tatiyabodhisuttaṃ – Third Enlightenment Sutta [4]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomapaṭilomaṃ sādhukaṃ manasākāsi –

“Iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjati, imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati; yadidaṃ – avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

“Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho, saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V3 “Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Vidhūpayaṃ tiṭṭhati mārasenaṃ,

Sūriyova [suriyova (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] obhāsayamantalikkha”nti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Uruvelā on the bank of the River Nerañjarā at the root of the Bodhi Tree after being newly self-enlightened. At that time the Blessed One was sitting cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom. Then, at the end of seven days, having emerged from that concentration, in the last watch of the night, Blessed One mentally recited the good dependent origination in forward and backward order thus –

“When this exists that exists, with the arising of this arises that, when this doesn’t exist that doesn’t exist, with the cessation of this ceases that; namely – ignorance causes formations [to arise], formations cause consciousness [to arise], consciousness causes name-and-form [to arise], name-and-form cause six sense-bases [to arise], six sense-bases cause contact [to arise], contact causes feelings [to arise], feelings cause craving [to arise], craving causes clinging [to arise], clinging causes becoming [to arise], becoming causes birth [to arise], birth causes old age-death sorrow-lamentation-suffering-mental sadness-despair to arise. Thus, this is the origination of the entire aggregate of suffering.

“But with the remainderless lustless cessation of ignorance formations cease, with the cessation of formations consciousness ceases, with the cessation of consciousness name-and-form cease, with the cessation of name-and-form six sense-bases cease, with the cessation of six sense-bases contact ceases, with the cessation of contact feelings cease, with the cessation of feelings craving ceases, with the cessation of craving clinging ceases, with the cessation of clinging becoming ceases, with the cessation of becoming birth ceases, with the cessation of birth old age-death sorrow-lamentation-suffering-mental sadness-despair cease. Thus, this is the cessation of the entire aggregate of suffering”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T3 “Indeed when these phenomena manifest,

To the ardently meditating brāhmaṇa [Arahant];

Scattering the army of Māra he stands,

Like the Sun lighting up the space”. Third.

1.4 (4) Huṃhuṅkasuttaṃ – Conceited Sutta [5]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī. Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhāsi.

Atha kho aññataro huṃhuṅkajātiko [huhuṅkajātiko (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho so brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “kittāvatā nu kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo hoti, katame ca pana brāhmaṇakaraṇā [brāhmaṇakārakā (ka.)] dhammā”ti?

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V4 “Yo brāhmaṇo bāhitapāpadhammo,

Nihuṃhuṅko [nihuhuṅko (sī. syā. kaṃ pī.)] nikkasāvo yatatto;

Vedantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo,

Dhammena so brahmavādaṃ vadeyya;

Yassussadā natthi kuhiñci loke”ti. catutthaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Uruvelā on the bank of the River Nerañjarā at the [root of the] Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree after being newly self-enlightened. At that time the Blessed One was sitting cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom. Then, at the end of seven days, Blessed One emerged from that concentration.

Then some conceited brāhmaṇa approached where the Blessed One was; having approached he was friendly with the Blessed One. Having engaged in friendly conversation, he stood on one side. Standing on one side that brāhmaṇa addressed the Blessed One thus – “In what ways is one a brāhmaṇa, good sir Gotama, what [actions] make one a brāhmaṇa”?

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T4 “One who is brāhmaṇa has removed evil-deeds,

He is non-conceited, undepraved and steadfast;

Reached end of knowledge, has lived the holy-life [Arahant],

Speaking the Brahma talk by Dhamma;

There are no swellings for him in the world”. Fourth. [6]

1.5 (5) Brāhmaṇasuttaṃ – Brāhmaṇa Sutta [7]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca mahākaccāno [mahākaccāyano (sī. pī. ka.)] āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko āyasmā ca mahākappino āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca revato āyasmā ca nando [ānando (sī. pī.)] yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu.

Addasā kho bhagavā te āyasmante dūratova āgacchante; disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – “ete, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇā āgacchanti; ete, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇā āgacchantī”ti. Evaṃ vutte, aññataro brāhmaṇajātiko bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, brāhmaṇo hoti, katame ca pana brāhmaṇakaraṇā dhammā”ti?

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V5 “Bāhitvā pāpake dhamme, ye caranti sadā satā;

Khīṇasaṃyojanā buddhā, te ve [teva (sī.)] lokasmi brāhmaṇā”ti. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Venerables Sāriputta, Mahāmoggallāna, Mahākassapa, Mahākaccāna, Mahākoṭṭhika, Mahākappina, Mahācunda, Anuruddha, Revata, and Nanda [Ānanda] approached where the Blessed One was.

Having seen the Venerables coming from far, the Blessed One invited the bhikkhus – “Here, bhikkhus, brāhmaṇā are coming; here, bhikkhus, brāhmaṇā are coming”. Spoken thus, some bhikkhu born in the brāhmaṇa class addressed the Blessed One thus – “In what ways is one a brāhmaṇa, Venerable Sir, what [actions] make one a brāhmaṇa”?

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T5 “Having removed the evil-deeds, those who always dwell mindful;

Fetterless enlightened, they are the brāhmaṇā in the world”. Fifth.

1.6 (6) Mahākassapasuttaṃ – Mahākassapa (Kassapa the Great) Sutta [8]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākassapo pippaliguhāyaṃ [pipphaliguhāyaṃ (syā.), simbaliguhāyaṃ (ka.)] viharati ābādhiko [ābādhiko hoti (syā. pī.)] dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo aparena samayena tamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa tamhā ābādhā vuṭṭhitassa etadahosi – “yaṃnūnāhaṃ rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya paviseyya”nti.

Tena kho pana samayena pañcamattāni devatāsatāni ussukkaṃ āpannāni honti āyasmato mahākassapassa piṇḍapātapaṭilābhāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tāni pañcamattāni devatāsatāni paṭikkhipitvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi – yena daliddavisikhā kapaṇavisikhā pesakāravisikhā. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ rājagahe piṇḍāya carantaṃ yena daliddavisikhā kapaṇavisikhā pesakāravisikhā.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V6 “Anaññaposimaññātaṃ, dantaṃ sāre patiṭṭhitaṃ;

Khīṇāsavaṃ vantadosaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa”nti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in the Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time Venerable Mahākassapa was dwelling in the Pippali Cave, troubled, unhappy, and very sick. Then at a later time Venerable Mahākassapa emerged from that trouble [sickness]. Then having emerged from that trouble, it occurred to Venerable Mahākassapa thus – “Why don’t I enter Rājagaha for the alms-round”?

At that time five-hundred devatā were eager and willing to provide alms-food to Venerable Mahākassapa. Then Venerable Mahākassapa, leaving those five-hundred devatā, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Rājagaha for the alms-round –on the streets of poor, streets of miserable, streets of weavers. The Blessed One saw Venerable Mahākassapa on the alms-round in Rājagaha on the streets of poor, streets of miserable, streets of weavers. [9]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T6 “One without dependents, one who knows, tamed, established in essence [of Dhamma];

Taintless, having vomited hatred, him I call a brāhmaṇa”. Sixth. [10]

1.7 (7) Ajakalāpakasuttaṃ – Ajakalāpaka Sutta [11]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā pāvāyaṃ [pāṭaliyaṃ (pī.)] viharati ajakalāpake cetiye, ajakalāpakassa yakkhassa bhavane. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti; devo ca ekamekaṃ phusāyati. Atha kho ajakalāpako yakkho bhagavato bhayaṃ chambhitattaṃ lomahaṃsaṃ uppādetukāmo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato avidūre tikkhattuṃ “akkulo pakkulo”ti akkulapakkulikaṃ akāsi – “eso te, samaṇa, pisāco”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V7 “Yadā sakesu dhammesu, pāragū hoti brāhmaṇo;

Atha etaṃ pisācañca, pakkulañcātivattatī”ti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Pāvā in Ajakalāpaka Shrine, Ajakalāpaka Yakkha’s Mansion. At that time the Blessed One was sitting in the open in the pitch dark night, in the drizzling rain. Then the Ajakalāpaka Yakkha, desiring to make the Blessed One fearful, trembling, and terrified; approached where the Blessed One was; having approached the Blessed One, not far from him, three times he did “confused bewildered” confused-bewildered – “This is a demon for you, renunciate”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T7 “When by his own Dhamma, the brāhmaṇa has crossed-over;

Then he [overcomes] demons, and overcomes bewilderment too”. Seventh.

1.8 (8) Saṅgāmajisuttaṃ – Saṅgāmaji (Victor of Battle) Sutta [12]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā saṅgāmaji sāvatthiṃ anuppatto hoti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Assosi kho āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikā – “ayyo kira saṅgāmaji sāvatthiṃ anuppatto”ti. Sā dārakaṃ ādāya jetavanaṃ agamāsi.

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā saṅgāmaji aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikā yenāyasmā saṅgāmaji tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ saṅgāmajiṃ etadavoca – “khuddaputtañhi [khuddaputtāmhi (sī.)], samaṇa, posa ma”nti. Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā saṅgāmaji tuṇhī ahosi.

Dutiyampi kho āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikā āyasmantaṃ saṅgāmajiṃ etadavoca – “khuddaputtañhi, samaṇa, posa ma”nti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā saṅgāmaji tuṇhī ahosi.

Tatiyampi kho āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikā āyasmantaṃ saṅgāmajiṃ etadavoca – “khuddaputtañhi, samaṇa, posa ma”nti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā saṅgāmaji tuṇhī ahosi.

Atha kho āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikā taṃ dārakaṃ āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purato nikkhipitvā pakkāmi [pakkami (ka.) evamuparipi] – “eso [esa (sī. ka.)] te, samaṇa, putto; posa na”nti.

Atha kho āyasmā saṅgāmaji taṃ dārakaṃ neva olokesi nāpi ālapi. Atha kho āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikā avidūraṃ [avidūre (syā. pī.)] gantvā apalokentī addasa āyasmantaṃ saṅgāmajiṃ taṃ dārakaṃ neva olokentaṃ nāpi ālapantaṃ, disvānassā etadahosi – “na cāyaṃ samaṇo puttenapi atthiko”ti. Tato paṭinivattitvā dārakaṃ ādāya pakkāmi. Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena āyasmato saṅgāmajissa purāṇadutiyikāya evarūpaṃ vippakāraṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V8 “Āyantiṃ nābhinandati, pakkamantiṃ na socati;

Saṅgā saṅgāmajiṃ muttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa”nti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Venerable Saṅgāmaji reached Sāvatthi to see the Blessed One. Then the former wife of Venerable Saṅgāmaji heard – “It is said noble Saṅgāmaji has reached Sāvatthi”. Then she, taking the son, went to Jeta’s Forest.

At that time Venerable Saṅgāmaji was sitting at the root of some tree for day-abiding. Then the former wife of Venerable Saṅgāmaji approached where Venerable Saṅgāmaji was; having approached, she addressed Venerable Saṅgāmaji thus – “Son is little, renunciate, support me”. Spoken to thus, Venerable Saṅgāmaji was silent.

Second time too, Venerable Saṅgāmaji’s former wife addressed Venerable Saṅgāmaji thus – “Son is little, renunciate, support me”. Second time too, spoken to thus, Venerable Saṅgāmaji was silent.

Third time too, Venerable Saṅgāmaji’s former wife addressed Venerable Saṅgāmaji thus – “Son is little, renunciate, support me”. Third time too, spoken to thus, Venerable Saṅgāmaji was silent.

Then, Venerable Saṅgāmaji’s former wife having placed that son in front of Venerable Saṅgāmaji, left [saying] – “This is your son, renunciate, support him”.

Then Venerable Saṅgāmaji neither looked at the son nor spoke to him. Then, Venerable Saṅgāmaji’s former wife having gone not too far and looking back to take leave, saw that Venerable Saṅgāmaji neither looked at the son nor spoke to him, having seen it occurred to her thus – “This renunciate is not desirous even for the son”. Then she returned and taking the son left. The Blessed One saw with divine eye, purified and transcending human eye, this improper behavior of Venerable Saṅgāmaji’s former wife.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T8 “Not pleased with her coming, not sorrowing with her going;

Saṅgāmaji freed from attachments, him I call a brāhmaṇa”. Eighth. [13]

1.9 (9) Jaṭilasuttaṃ – Jaṭila (Matted-hair Ascetics) Sutta [14]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīse. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā jaṭilā sītāsu hemantikāsu rattīsu antaraṭṭhake himapātasamaye gayāyaṃ ummujjantipi nimujjantipi, ummujjanimujjampi karonti osiñcantipi, aggimpi juhanti – “iminā suddhī”ti.

Addasā kho bhagavā te sambahule jaṭile sītāsu hemantikāsu rattīsu antaraṭṭhake himapātasamaye gayāyaṃ ummujjantepi nimujjantepi ummujjanimujjampi karonte [ummujjanimujjaṃ karontepi (sī. pī. ka.)] osiñcantepi aggimpi juhante – “iminā suddhī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V9 “Na udakena sucī hotī, bahvettha nhāyatī [nahāyatī (sī.)] jano;

Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca, so sucī so ca brāhmaṇo”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Gayā at the Gayā Head. At that time many matted-hair ascetics; in the cold nights of the Hemantika season [Winter] during the eight days of the snowfall; were plunging in, rising up, and plunging in-rising up in the Gayā river; were sprinkling water; were offering sacrifices to the fire [thinking] – “By this is purification”.

The Blessed One saw those many matted-hair ascetics; in the cold nights of the Hemantika season [Winter] during the eight days of the snowfall; plunging in, rising up, and plunging in-rising up in the Gayā river; sprinkling water; offering sacrifices to the fire [thinking] – “By this is purification”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T9 “Purification doesn’t come by water, there are many taking [ritual] baths;

One who has the truths and the Dhamma, he is pure, he is a brāhmaṇa”. Ninth. [15]

1.10 (10) Bāhiyasuttaṃ – Bāhiya Sutta [16]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bāhiyo dārucīriyo suppārake paṭivasati samuddatīre sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Atha kho bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “ye kho keci loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā, ahaṃ tesaṃ aññataro”ti.

Atha kho bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa purāṇasālohitā devatā anukampikā atthakāmā bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena bāhiyo dārucīriyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ etadavoca – “neva kho tvaṃ, bāhiya, arahā, nāpi arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno. Sāpi te paṭipadā natthi yāya tvaṃ arahā vā assa [assasi (syā. ka.)] arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno”ti.

“Atha ke carahi sadevake loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpanno”ti? “Atthi, bāhiya, uttaresu janapadesu [janapade (sī.)] sāvatthi nāma nagaraṃ. Tattha so bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. So hi, bāhiya, bhagavā arahā ceva arahattāya ca dhammaṃ desetī”ti.

Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo tāya devatāya saṃvejito tāvadeva suppārakamhā pakkāmi. Sabbattha ekarattiparivāsena yena sāvatthi jetavanaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū abbhokāse caṅkamanti. Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – “kahaṃ nu kho, bhante, etarahi bhagavā viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho? Dassanakāmamhā mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha”nti. “Antaragharaṃ paviṭṭho kho, bāhiya, bhagavā piṇḍāyā”ti.

Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo taramānarūpo jetavanā nikkhamitvā sāvatthiṃ pavisitvā addasa bhagavantaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya carantaṃ pāsādikaṃ pasādanīyaṃ santindriyaṃ santamānasaṃ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ dantaṃ guttaṃ yatindriyaṃ nāgaṃ. Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pāde sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “desetu me, bhante bhagavā, dhammaṃ; desetu, sugato, dhammaṃ, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā”ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ etadavoca – “akālo kho tāva, bāhiya, antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhā piṇḍāyā”ti.

Dutiyampi kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “dujjānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhante, bhagavato vā jīvitantarāyānaṃ, mayhaṃ vā jīvitantarāyānaṃ. Desetu me, bhante bhagavā, dhammaṃ; desetu, sugato, dhammaṃ, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ etadavoca – “akālo kho tāva, bāhiya, antaragharaṃ paviṭṭhamhā piṇḍāyā”ti.

Tatiyampi kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “dujjānaṃ kho panetaṃ, bhante, bhagavato vā jīvitantarāyānaṃ, mayhaṃ vā jīvitantarāyānaṃ. Desetu me bhante bhagavā, dhammaṃ; desetu, sugato, dhammaṃ, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā”ti.

“Tasmātiha te, bāhiya, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṃ bhavissati, mute mutamattaṃ bhavissati, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te, bāhiya, sikkhitabbaṃ. Yato kho te, bāhiya, diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṃ bhavissati, mute mutamattaṃ bhavissati, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati, tato tvaṃ, bāhiya, na tena; yato tvaṃ, bāhiya, na tena tato tvaṃ, bāhiya, na tattha; yato tvaṃ, bāhiya, na tattha, tato tvaṃ, bāhiya, nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā”ti.

Atha kho bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa bhagavato imāya saṃkhittāya dhammadesanāya tāvadeva anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci.

Atha kho bhagavā bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ iminā saṃkhittena ovādena ovaditvā pakkāmi. Atha kho acirapakkantassa bhagavato bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ gāvī taruṇavacchā adhipatitvā [adhipātetvā (sī. syā. pī.), adhipātitvā (ka.)] jīvitā voropesi.

Atha kho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nagaramhā nikkhamitvā addasa bāhiyaṃ dārucīriyaṃ kālaṅkataṃ [kālakataṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ.)]; disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – “gaṇhatha, bhikkhave, bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa sarīrakaṃ; mañcakaṃ āropetvā nīharitvā jhāpetha; thūpañcassa karotha. Sabrahmacārī vo, bhikkhave, kālaṅkato”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissutvā bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa sarīrakaṃ mañcakaṃ āropetvā nīharitvā jhāpetvā thūpañcassa katvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “daḍḍhaṃ, bhante, bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa sarīraṃ, thūpo cassa kato. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo”ti? “Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, bāhiyo dārucīriyo paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ; na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vihesesi. Parinibbuto, bhikkhave, bāhiyo dārucīriyo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V10 “Yattha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati;

Na tattha sukkā jotanti, ādicco nappakāsati;

Na tattha candimā bhāti, tamo tattha na vijjati.

V11 “Yadā ca attanāvedi [vedhī (ka.)], muni monena brāhmaṇo;

Atha rūpā arūpā ca, sukhadukkhā pamuccatī”ti. dasamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Bāhiya Dārucīriya was dwelling in Suppāraka on the seashore, was provided hospitality, was respected, revered, venerated, honored, was a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Then, while Bāhiya Dārucīriya was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to him – “Indeed, those who are Arahants in the world or have entered on the Arahant path, I am one among them”. [17]

Then a devatā, who was Bāhiya Dārucīriya’s former blood-relative, compassionately and desirous of benefit, knowing Bāhiya Dārucīriya’s mental reflection, approached where Bāhiya Dārucīriya was, having approached she addressed Bāhiya Dārucīriya thus – “Bāhiya, neither are you an Arahant, nor have you entered on the Arahant path. You do not have the practice by which you would become an Arahant or enter on the Arahant path”.

“Then, by faring how in this world with it’s devā one becomes an Arahant or enters on the Arahant path”? “Bāhiya, in a republic in the north there is a city named Sāvatthi. The Blessed One dwelling there is an Arahant, a rightly self-enlightened one. Bāhiya, he is an Arahant who preaches the Dhamma to realize the Arahantship”.

Then, Bāhiya Dārucīriya, deeply agitated by that devatā, instantly left Suppāraka. Dwelling everywhere for one night [without extended stopping anywhere], he approached Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest in Sāvatthi. At that time many bhikkhus were walking under the open sky. Then, Bāhiya Dārucīriya approached the bhikkhus; having approached the bhikkhus he addressed them thus – “Venerable Sirs, where indeed does the Blessed One dwell, the Arahant, the rightly self-enlightened one? I am desirous of seeing that Blessed One, the Arahant, the rightly self-enlightened one”. “Bāhiya, the Blessed One has entered amongst the houses [in the town] for the alms-round”.

Then Bāhiya Dārucīriya having hurriedly left Jeta’s Forest and having entered Sāvatthi saw the Blessed One faring the alms-round in Sāvatthi – gracious, gladdening, with peaceful faculties and a peaceful mind, reached the best self-control and concentration, tamed, guarded, with controlled faculties, a Nāga. Having seen he approached where the Blessed One was, having approached the Blessed One he fell-down at the feet of the Blessed One and addressed him thus – “O Venerable Blessed One, please preach the Dhamma to me; O Well-Gone One, please preach the Dhamma that would be for my benefit and happiness for a long time to come”. Spoken to thus, the Blessed One addressed Bāhiya Dārucīriya thus – “Bāhiya, this is not the time, we are amongst the houses [in the town] faring the alms-round”.

Second time too, Bāhiya Dārucīriya addressed the Blessed One thus – “O Venerable Sir, ill-known is the life-span of the Blessed One, [and] my life-span too. O Venerable Blessed One, please preach the Dhamma to me; O Well-Gone One, please preach the Dhamma that would be for my benefit and happiness for a long time to come”. Second time too, the Blessed One addressed Bāhiya Dārucīriya thus – “Bāhiya, this is not the time, we are amongst the houses [in the town] faring the alms-round”.

Third time too, Bāhiya Dārucīriya addressed the Blessed One thus – “O Venerable Sir, ill-known is the life-span of the Blessed One, [and] my life-span too. O Venerable Blessed One, please preach the Dhamma to me; O Well-Gone One, please preach the Dhamma that would be for my benefit and happiness for a long time to come”.

“Therefore, Bāhiya, you should train thus – ‘In the seen there will be only the seen, in the heard there will be only the heard, in the sensed there will be only the sensed, in the cognized there will be only the cognized’. Thus you should train Bāhiya. When Bāhiya, in the seen there will be only the seen, in the heard there will be only the heard, in the sensed there will be only the sensed, in the cognized there will be only the cognized; then Bāhiya you will not be because of it; when Bāhiya you will not be because of it then you will not be there; when Bāhiya you will not be there then Bāhiya you will be neither here nor hereafter nor in-between. Just this is the end of suffering”.

When the Blessed One gave this brief Dhamma preaching to Bāhiya Dārucīriya, his mind was instantly fully-freed from the taints by not clinging. [18]

Then having exhorted Bāhiya Dārucīriya with this brief exhortation, the Blessed One left. Then not long after the Blessed One left, Bāhiya Dārucīriya was trampled and deprived of life by a cow with a new-born calf.

Then after the Blessed One had fared the alms-round in Sāvatthi, had eaten, and was returning from the alms-round with many bhikkhus, having left the city he saw that Bāhiya Dārucīriya had done the time [died]; having seen he invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus, take Bāhiya Dārucīriya’s body, having put it on a cremation carrier, having taken it out [to the cremation ground], cremate it; make a thūpa too. Bhikkhus, a co-farer of the holy-life has done the time”. [19]

“Yes, Venerable Sir” said those bhikkhus and having heard the Blessed One, having placed the body of Bāhiya Dārucīriya on the cremation carrier, having taken it to the cremation ground, having cremated it, having made a thūpa, they approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “We have cremated the body of Bāhiya Dārucīriya as well as made a thūpa too. What is his destination, what is his here-after”? “Bhikkhus, Bāhiya Dārucīriya was wise, he entered the Dhamma in fullness; he did not harass me with Dhamma questions. Bhikkhus, Bāhiya Dārucīriya is completely liberated”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T10 “Where water, earth, fire and wind don’t find footing;

Neither does Venus light up there, nor does the Sun shine;

Nor does Moon appear there, nor is darkness seen. [20]

T11 “When this is self-realized, that sage is a brāhmaṇa by silence;

Then from form and formless, he is fully-freed from happiness and suffering too”. Tenth.

(Ayampi udāno vutto bhagavatā iti me sutanti.) [( ) syāmapotthake natthi]

(This inspired utterance was spoken by the Blessed One thus I heard).

Bodhivaggo paṭhamo niṭṭhito. – First Section on Enlightenment is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Tayo bodhi ca huṃhuṅko [tayo ca bodhi nigrodho (sabbattha)], brāhmaṇo [te therā (sī. syā. pī.), thero (ka.)] kassapena ca;

Aja [pāvāya (sī. syā.), pāṭaliyaṃ (pī.), pāvā (ka.)] saṅgāma jaṭilā, bāhiyenāti te dasāti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Three of enlightenment and conceited too, brāhmaṇa, Kassapa too;

Aja Saṅgāmaji matted-hair ascetics, along with Bāhiya these are ten.

2. Mucalindavaggo – Section on Mucalinda

2.1 (11) Mucalindasuttaṃ – Mucalinda Sutta [21]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre mucalindamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī.

Tena kho pana samayena mahā akālamegho udapādi sattāhavaddalikā sītavātaduddinī. Atha kho mucalindo nāgarājā sakabhavanā nikkhamitvā bhagavato kāyaṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā uparimuddhani mahantaṃ phaṇaṃ vihacca aṭṭhāsi – “mā bhagavantaṃ sītaṃ, mā bhagavantaṃ uṇhaṃ, mā bhagavantaṃ ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapa [siriṃsapa (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] samphasso”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho mucalindo nāgarājā viddhaṃ vigatavalāhakaṃ devaṃ viditvā bhagavato kāyā bhoge viniveṭhetvā sakavaṇṇaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā bhagavato purato aṭṭhāsi pañjaliko bhagavantaṃ namassamāno.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V12 “Sukho viveko tuṭṭhassa, sutadhammassa passato;

Abyāpajjaṃ sukhaṃ loke, pāṇabhūtesu saṃyamo.

V13 “Sukhā virāgatā loke, kāmānaṃ samatikkamo;

Asmimānassa yo vinayo, etaṃ ve paramaṃ sukha”nti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Uruvelā on the bank of the River Nerañjarā at the root of the Mucalinda Tree after being newly self-enlightened. At that time the Blessed One was sitting cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom.

Then, at that time, a great untimely rainstorm arose, it rained for seven days, and it was cold-windy-rainy. Then Mucalinda, the king of Nāgā, having left his own home, having encircled the body of the Blessed One seven times with his coils, stood having made a great fan over his head [thinking] – “May the Blessed One not be cold, may the Blessed One not be hot, may the Blessed One not be contacted by gadfly-mosquito-wind-heat-creeping things”.

Then, at the end of seven days, the Blessed One emerged from that concentration. Then Mucalinda the king of Nāgā, having known that the sky was without rain-cloud, having unwrapped his coils from the body of the Blessed One, having changed his own form and having made the form of a human, stood in front of the Blessed One, venerating him with folded hands.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T12 “Seclusion is happiness for the content one, one who sees the Dhamma that was heard;

No ill-will is happiness in the world, restraint to living beings.

T13 “Lustlessness is happiness in the world, transcendence of sensual pleasures;

One who has expelled the “I am” conceit, that is the highest happiness”. First.

2.2 (12) Rājasuttaṃ – Kings Sutta [22]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – “ko nu kho, āvuso, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ rājūnaṃ mahaddhanataro vā mahābhogataro vā mahākosataro vā mahāvijitataro vā mahāvāhanataro vā mahabbalataro vā mahiddhikataro vā mahānubhāvataro vā rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro, rājā vā pasenadi kosalo”ti? Ayañcarahi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ antarākathā hoti vippakatā.

Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenupaṭṭhānasālā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā sannipatitā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti?

“Idha, bhante, amhākaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘ko nu kho, āvuso, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ rājūnaṃ mahaddhanataro vā mahābhogataro vā mahākosataro vā mahāvijitataro vā mahāvāhanataro vā mahabbalataro vā mahiddhikataro vā mahānubhāvataro vā rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro, rājā vā pasenadi kosalo’ti? Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, antarākathā vippakatā, atha bhagavā anuppatto”ti.

“Na khvetaṃ, bhikkhave, tumhākaṃ patirūpaṃ kulaputtānaṃ saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ yaṃ tumhe evarūpiṃ kathaṃ katheyyātha. Sannipatitānaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ – dhammī vā kathā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V14 “Yañca kāmasukhaṃ loke, yañcidaṃ diviyaṃ sukhaṃ;

Taṇhakkhayasukhassete, kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasi”nti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, after having eaten and returned from the alms-round, many bhikkhus were sitting together and had gathered in the assembly hall when this talk arose – “Indeed friends, who among these two kings is wealthier, is an enjoyer of greater pleasures, has a greater treasury, is a greater winner [has a greater territory], has greater vehicles, is greatly strong, has greater supernormal powers, is greater powered – King of Magadha Seniya Bimbisāra or King Pasenadi Kosala”? This talk was going-on between the bhikkhus.

Then the Blessed One, having emerged from the solitude in the evening, approached where the assembly hall was; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Having sat-down, the Blessed One invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus, what talk were you engaged in, sitting together and having gathered, what was the talk that was going-on”?

“Here, Venerable Sir, after having eaten and returned from the alms-round, we were sitting together and had gathered in the assembly hall when this talk arose – ‘Indeed friends, who among these two kings is wealthier, is an enjoyer of greater pleasures, has a greater treasury, is a greater winner [has a greater territory], has greater vehicles, is greatly strong, has greater supernormal powers, is greater powered – King of Magadha Seniya Bimbisāra or King Pasenadi Kosala’? Venerable Sir, this talk was going-on when the Blessed One reached [here]”.

“Bhikkhus, indeed it is not suitable for you, sons of reputable families having gone forth from home to homelessness with confidence, to engage in this kind of talk. Bhikkhus, having gathered only [one of] two things should be done – talk on Dhamma or maintain noble silence”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T14 “Whatever sensual happiness in this world, whatever divine happiness here;

[Compared to] Happiness of ending of craving, they are not even a sixteenth part of it”. Second.

2.3 (13) Daṇḍasuttaṃ – Punishment Sutta [23]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā kumārakā antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavanaṃ ahiṃ daṇḍena hananti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā sambahule kumārake antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavanaṃ ahiṃ daṇḍena hanante.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V15 “Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati;

Attano sukhamesāno, pecca so na labhate sukhaṃ.

V16 “Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena na hiṃsati;

Attano sukhamesāno, pecca so labhate sukha”nti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, many young boys between Sāvatthi and Jeta’s Forest were killing a snake with a stick. Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Sāvatthi for the alms-round. The Blessed One saw those many young boys between Sāvatthi and Jeta’s Forest killing a snake with a stick.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T15 “Beings desirous of happiness, whoever oppresses [them] by stick;

Longing happiness for himself, afterwards he doesn’t gain happiness.

T16 “Beings desirous of happiness, whoever doesn’t oppress [them] by stick;

Longing happiness for himself, afterwards he gains happiness”. Third.

2.4 (14) Sakkārasuttaṃ – Hospitality Sutta [24]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito, lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Bhikkhusaṅghopi sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito, lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Aññatitthiyā pana paribbājakā asakkatā honti agarukatā amānitā [na apacitā (syā. pī.)] apūjitā anapacitā, na lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Atha kho te aññatitthiyā paribbājakā bhagavato sakkāraṃ asahamānā bhikkhusaṅghassa ca gāme ca araññe ca bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosenti vihesenti.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “etarahi, bhante, bhagavā sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito, lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Bhikkhusaṅghopi sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito, lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Aññatitthiyā pana paribbājakā asakkatā agarukatā amānitā apūjitā anapacitā, na lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Atha kho te, bhante, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā bhagavato sakkāraṃ asahamānā bhikkhusaṅghassa ca gāme ca araññe ca bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosenti vihesantī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V17 “Gāme araññe sukhadukkhaphuṭṭho,

Nevattato no parato dahetha;

Phusanti phassā upadhiṃ paṭicca,

Nirūpadhiṃ kena phuseyyu phassā”ti. catutthaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, the Blessed One was provided hospitality, was respected, revered, venerated, honored, was a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Bhikkhu Saṅgha too was provided hospitality, was respected, revered, venerated, honored, was a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. But sectarian wanderers weren’t provided hospitality, weren’t respected, revered, venerated, honored, weren’t gainers of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Then those sectarian wanderers not being able to bear the hospitality given to the Blessed One and the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, having seen bhikkhus whether in village or jungle; they reviled, abused, angered, and harassed them with vulgar and harsh speech.

Then many bhikkhus approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Here, Venerable Sir, the Blessed One is provided hospitality, is respected, revered, venerated, honored, is a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Bhikkhu Saṅgha too is provided hospitality, is respected, revered, venerated, honored, is a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. But sectarian wanderers aren’t provided hospitality, aren’t respected, revered, venerated, honored, aren’t gainers of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Venerable Sir, then those sectarian wanderers not being able to bear the hospitality given to the Blessed One and the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, having seen bhikkhus whether in village or jungle; they revile, abuse, anger, and harass them with vulgar and harsh speech”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T17 “In the village or jungle, contacted by happiness and suffering,

One should not burn oneself or others;

Contacts contact one because of possessions,

Without possessions, what contacts will contact one”? Fourth. [25]

2.5 (15) Upāsakasuttaṃ – Lay Devotee Sutta [26]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro icchānaṅgalako upāsako sāvatthiṃ anuppatto hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho so upāsako sāvatthiyaṃ taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ upāsakaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – “cirassaṃ kho tvaṃ, upāsaka, imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāyā”ti.

“Cirapaṭikāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo, api cāhaṃ kehici kehici kiccakaraṇīyehi byāvaṭo. Evāhaṃ nāsakkhiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V18 “Sukhaṃ vata tassa na hoti kiñci,

Saṅkhātadhammassa bahussutassa;

Sakiñcanaṃ passa vihaññamānaṃ,

Jano janasmiṃ paṭibandharūpo”ti. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, a lay devotee, someone from Icchānaṅgala, had reached Sāvatthi for something to do. Then, when that lay devotee had finished what had to be done in Sāvatthi, having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed that lay devotee sitting on one side thus – “Lay devotee, long time it is since you did like this, namely come here”.

“For a long time, Venerable Sir, I have been desirous of approaching the Blessed One, but I have been obstructed by one or another reason. Because of that, I have been unable to approach the Blessed One to see him”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T18 “Happy is he who has no possessions,

One who has realized Dhamma, one who is learned;

Ones with possessions are oppressed,

People are obstructed by people”. Fifth.

2.6 (16) Gabbhinīsuttaṃ – Pregnant Woman Sutta [27]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa paribbājakassa daharamāṇavikā pajāpati hoti gabbhinī upavijaññā. Atha kho sā paribbājikā taṃ paribbājakaṃ etadavoca – “gaccha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, telaṃ āhara, yaṃ me vijātāya bhavissatī”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, so paribbājako taṃ paribbājikaṃ etadavoca – “kuto panāhaṃ, bhoti [bhotiyā (syā. pī. ka.)], telaṃ āharāmī”ti? Dutiyampi kho sā paribbājikā taṃ paribbājakaṃ etadavoca – “gaccha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, telaṃ āhara, yaṃ me vijātāya bhavissatī”ti. Dutiyampi kho so paribbājiko taṃ paribbājikaṃ etadavoca – “kuto panāhaṃ, bhoti, telaṃ āharāmī”ti? Tatiyampi kho sā paribbājikā taṃ paribbājakaṃ etadavoca – “gaccha tvaṃ, brāhmaṇa, telaṃ āhara, yaṃ me vijātāya bhavissatī”ti.

Tena kho pana samayena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa koṭṭhāgāre samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sappissa vā telassa vā yāvadatthaṃ pātuṃ dīyati [diyyati (sī. ka.)], no nīharituṃ.

Atha kho tassa paribbājakassa etadahosi – “rañño kho pana pasenadissa kosalassa koṭṭhāgāre samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sappissa vā telassa vā yāvadatthaṃ pātuṃ dīyati, no nīharituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ rañño pasenadissa kosalassa koṭṭhāgāraṃ gantvā telassa yāvadatthaṃ pivitvā gharaṃ āgantvā ucchadditvāna [uggiritvāna (sī. syā. pī.), ucchaditvā (sī. syā. aṭṭha.), ucchaḍḍitvāna (ka.)] dadeyyaṃ, yaṃ imissā vijātāya bhavissatī”ti.

Atha kho so paribbājako rañño pasenadissa kosalassa koṭṭhāgāraṃ gantvā telassa yāvadatthaṃ pivitvā gharaṃ āgantvā neva sakkoti uddhaṃ kātuṃ, na pana adho. So dukkhāhi tibbāhi [tippāhi (syā.)] kharāhi kaṭukāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭho āvaṭṭati parivaṭṭati.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā taṃ paribbājakaṃ dukkhāhi tibbāhi kharāhi kaṭukāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭhaṃ āvaṭṭamānaṃ parivaṭṭamānaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V19 “Sukhino vata ye akiñcanā,

Vedaguno hi janā akiñcanā;

Sakiñcanaṃ passa vihaññamānaṃ,

Jano janasmiṃ paṭibandhacitto” [paṭibaddhacitto (syā.), paṭibandharupo (?)] ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, some wanderer’s young wife was pregnant nearing child-birth. Then that woman wanderer addressed the wanderer thus – “You go brāhmaṇa, bring oil, I am nearing child-birth”.

Spoken to thus, that wanderer addressed that woman wanderer thus – “But from where, dear, do I bring oil”? Second time too, that woman wanderer addressed the wanderer thus – “You go brāhmaṇa, bring oil, I am nearing child-birth”. Second time too, that wanderer addressed that woman wanderer thus – “But from where, dear, do I bring oil”? Third time too, that woman wanderer addressed the wanderer thus – “You go brāhmaṇa, bring oil, I am nearing child-birth”.

At that time, at the store-house of the King Pasenadi Kosala, renunciates and brāhmaṇā were being given ghee and oil as required to drink but not to take away.

Then it occurred to that wanderer thus – “At the store-house of the King Pasenadi Kosala, renunciates and brāhmaṇā are being given ghee and oil as required to drink but not to take away. Why don’t I, having gone to the store-house of the King Pasenadi Kosala, having drunk as much oil as required, having arrived back at the house, having vomited give it to the one who is nearing child-birth”?

Then that wanderer, having gone to the store-house of the King Pasenadi Kosala, having drunk as much oil as required, having arrived back at the house, was neither able to vomit it up nor digest it down. He was touched by painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings, twisting and turning this and that way.

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Sāvatthi for the alms-round. The Blessed One saw that wanderer touched by painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings, twisting and turning this and that way.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T19 “Happy are the ones without possessions,

Reached end of knowledge are people without possessions;

Ones with possessions are oppressed,

People are obstructed by people”. Sixth.

2.7 (17) Ekaputtakasuttaṃ – Only Son Sutta [28]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa upāsakassa ekaputtako piyo manāpo kālaṅkato hoti.

Atha kho sambahulā upāsakā allavatthā allakesā divā divassa yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te upāsake bhagavā etadavoca – “kiṃ nu kho tumhe, upāsakā, allavatthā allakesā idhūpasaṅkamantā divā divassā”ti?

Evaṃ vutte, so upāsako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “mayhaṃ kho, bhante, ekaputtako piyo manāpo kālaṅkato. Tena mayaṃ allavatthā allakesā idhūpasaṅkamantā divā divassā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V20 “Piyarūpassādagadhitāse [piyarūpassātagadhitāse (sī. pī.)],

Devakāyā puthu manussā ca;

Aghāvino parijunnā,

Maccurājassa vasaṃ gacchanti.

V21 “Ye ve divā ca ratto ca,

Appamattā jahanti piyarūpaṃ;

Te ve khaṇanti aghamūlaṃ,

Maccuno āmisaṃ durativatta”nti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, some lay devotee’s only son, dear and charming, had done the time [died].

Then many lay devotees, with wet clothes and wet hair, in the day time approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed those lay devotees sitting on one side thus – “Lay devotees, why have you, with wet clothes and wet hair, approached here in the day time”?

Spoken to thus, that lay devotee addressed the Blessed One thus – “My only son, dear and charming, has done the time [died]. That’s why we have, with wet clothes and wet hair, approached here in the day time”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T20 “Bonded by what is dear and agreeable,

Devā and many humans too;

Grieving, completely worn-out,

Go to the control of King of Death. [29]

T21 “Whoever by day and by night,

Heedfully abandons what is dear;

They dig-out the root of grief,

Bait of death hard to go beyond”. Seventh.

2.8 (18) Suppavāsāsuttaṃ – Suppavāsā Sutta [30]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kuṇḍikāyaṃ [kuṇḍiyāyaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] viharati kuṇḍadhānavane [kuṇḍiṭṭhānavane (syā. pī.)]. Tena kho pana samayena suppavāsā koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā dukkhāhi tibbāhi kharāhi kaṭukāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭhā tīhi vitakkehi adhivāseti – “sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya dhammaṃ deseti; suppaṭipanno vata tassa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya paṭipanno; susukhaṃ vata taṃ nibbānaṃ yatthidaṃ evarūpaṃ dukkhaṃ na saṃvijjatī”ti.

Atha kho suppavāsā koliyadhītā sāmikaṃ āmantesi – “ehi tvaṃ, ayyaputta, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhi; appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha – ‘suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati; appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti. Evañca vadehi – ‘suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā dukkhāhi tibbāhi kharāhi kaṭukāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭhā tīhi vitakkehi adhivāseti – sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya dhammaṃ deseti; suppaṭipanno vata tassa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya paṭipanno; susukhaṃ vata taṃ nibbānaṃ yatthidaṃ evarūpaṃ dukkhaṃ na saṃvijjatī’”ti.

“Parama”nti kho so koliyaputto suppavāsāya koliyadhītāya paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho koliyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchati; evañca vadeti – ‘suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā dukkhāhi tibbāhi kharāhi kaṭukāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭhā tīhi vitakkehi adhivāseti – sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya dhammaṃ deseti; suppaṭipanno vata tassa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya paṭipanno; susukhaṃ vata nibbānaṃ yatthidaṃ evarūpaṃ dukkhaṃ na saṃvijjatī’”ti.

“Sukhinī hotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā; arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū”ti. Saha vacanā ca pana bhagavato suppavāsā koliyadhītā sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho so koliyaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena sakaṃ gharaṃ tena paccāyāsi. Addasā kho so koliyaputto suppavāsaṃ koliyadhītaraṃ sukhiniṃ arogaṃ arogaṃ puttaṃ vijātaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – “acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā, yatra hi nāmāyaṃ suppavāsā koliyadhītā saha vacanā ca pana [saha vacanā pana (pī.), saha vacanā (?)] bhagavato sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyissatī”ti! Attamano pamudito pītisomanassajāto ahosi.

Atha kho suppavāsā koliyadhītā sāmikaṃ āmantesi – “ehi tvaṃ, ayyaputta, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhi – ‘suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’ti; evañca vadehi – ‘suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā etarahi sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijātā. Sā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ bhattena nimanteti. Adhivāsetu kira, bhante, bhagavā suppavāsāya koliyadhītāya satta bhattāni saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’”ti.

“Suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati; evañca vadeti – ‘suppavāsā, bhante, koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā etarahi sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijātā. Sā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ bhattena nimanteti. Adhivāsetu kira, bhante, bhagavā suppavāsāya koliyadhītāya satta bhattāni saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’”ti.

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarena upāsakena buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho svātanāya bhattena nimantito hoti. So ca upāsako āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa [mahāmoggalānassa (ka.)] upaṭṭhāko hoti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ āmantesi – “ehi tvaṃ, moggallāna, yena so upāsako tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ upāsakaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘suppavāsā, āvuso, koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāresi. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā etarahi sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijātā. Sā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ bhattena nimanteti. Karotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā satta bhattāni, pacchā tvaṃ karissasī’ti [karissasīti saññāpehi (ka.)]. Tuyheso upaṭṭhāko”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavato paṭissutvā yena so upāsako tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ upāsakaṃ etadavoca – “suppavāsā, āvuso, koliyadhītā satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā sā etarahi sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijātā. Sā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ bhattena nimanteti. Karotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā satta bhattāni, pacchā tvaṃ karissasī”ti.

“Sace me, bhante, ayyo mahāmoggallāno tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ pāṭibhogo – bhogānañca jīvitassa ca saddhāya ca, karotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā satta bhattāni, pacchāhaṃ karissāmī”ti. “Dvinnaṃ kho te ahaṃ [dvinnaṃ kho tesaṃ (pī.), dvinnaṃ kho nesaṃ (ka.)], āvuso, dhammānaṃ pāṭibhogo – bhogānañca jīvitassa ca. Saddhāya pana tvaṃyeva pāṭibhogo”ti.

“Sace me, bhante, ayyo mahāmoggallāno dvinnaṃ dhammānaṃ pāṭibhogo – bhogānañca jīvitassa ca, karotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā satta bhattāni, pacchāhaṃ karissāmī”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ upāsakaṃ saññāpetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “saññatto [saññāto (syā.)], bhante, so upāsako mayā; karotu suppavāsā koliyadhītā satta bhattāni, pacchā so karissatī”ti.

Atha kho suppavāsā koliyadhītā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, tañca dārakaṃ bhagavantaṃ vandāpesi sabbañca bhikkhusaṅghaṃ.

Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto taṃ dārakaṃ etadavoca – “kacci te, dāraka, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci na kiñci dukkha”nti? “Kuto me, bhante sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ, kuto yāpanīyaṃ! Satta me vassāni lohitakumbhiyaṃ vuttānī”ti.

Atha kho suppavāsā koliyadhītā – “putto me dhammasenāpatinā saddhiṃ mantetī”ti attamanā pamuditā pītisomanassajātā ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā (suppavāsaṃ kolīyadhītaraṃ attamanaṃ pamuditaṃ pītisomanassajātaṃ viditvā [disvā (sī.)]) [( ) natthi iṅgalisapotthake] suppavāsaṃ koliyadhītaraṃ etadavoca – “iccheyyāsi tvaṃ, suppavāse, aññampi evarūpaṃ putta”nti? “Iccheyyāmahaṃ, bhagavā, aññānipi evarūpāni satta puttānī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V22 “Asātaṃ sātarūpena, piyarūpena appiyaṃ;

Dukkhaṃ sukhassa rūpena, pamattamativattatī”ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Kuṇḍikā in Kuṇḍadhāna Forest. At that time, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter was bearing an embryo for seven years. Because of the obstructed labor for seven [days], she was touched by painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings; she bore it by these three thoughts – “Rightly self-enlightened is the Blessed One who is preaching Dhamma to abandon this suffering; well-practicing is the Disciple Saṅgha of the Blessed One that is practicing to abandon this suffering; true happiness is that Nibbāna where this kind of suffering is not seen”. [31]

Then Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter invited her husband – “Come young master, approach where the Blessed One is, having approached please pay homage in my name with your head at the Blessed One’s feet; ask him if he is unafflicted, unfatigued, bodily vigorous, strong, and dwelling comfortably [then say] – ‘Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter pays homage with her head at the Blessed One’s feet and asks whether the Blessed One is unafflicted, unfatigued, bodily vigorous, strong, and dwelling comfortably’. And also say this – ‘Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter is bearing an embryo for seven years. Because of the obstructed labor for seven [days], she is touched by painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings; she bears it by these three thoughts – rightly self-enlightened is the Blessed One who is preaching Dhamma to abandon this suffering; well-practicing is the Disciple Saṅgha of the Blessed One that is practicing to abandon this suffering; true happiness is that Nibbāna where this kind of suffering is not seen’ “.

Saying “Excellent” that Koliyan Son, having heard Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting down on one side he addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter pays homage with her head at the Blessed One’s feet; asks whether the Blessed One is unafflicted, unfatigued, bodily vigorous, strong, and dwelling comfortably; and she also says thus – ‘Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter is bearing an embryo for seven years. Because of the obstructed labor for seven [days], she is touched by painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings; she bears it by these three thoughts – rightly self-enlightened is the Blessed One who is preaching Dhamma to abandon this suffering; well-practicing is the Disciple Saṅgha of the Blessed One that is practicing to abandon this suffering; true happiness is that Nibbāna where this kind of suffering is not seen’ “.

“May Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter be happy; may she healthily birth a healthy child”. With these words of the Blessed One, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter happily and healthily birthed a healthy child.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying this that Koliyan Son, pleased with and rejoicing in what the Blessed One said, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, returned back to his own home. Then the Koliyan Son saw Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter had happily and healthily birthed a healthy child. Having seen it occurred to him thus – “Marvelous it is, good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir; the supernormal powers, the great powers, of the Tathāgata; indeed with the words of the Blessed One, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter happily and healthily birthed a healthy child”! With this, he was delighted, filled with altruistic joy, rupture, and mental happiness. [32]

Then Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter invited her husband – “Come young master, approach where the Blessed One is, having approached in my words please pay homage with your head at the Blessed One’s feet [then say] – ‘Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter pays homage with her head at the Blessed One’s feet’; and she also says thus – ‘Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter was bearing an embryo for seven years. Bearing the obstructed labor for seven [days], she has happily and healthily birthed a healthy child. She invites the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha for alms for seven days. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One consent to Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter’s invitation to accept the alms for seven days, together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha’ “.

“Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter pays homage with her head at the Blessed One’s feet; and she also says thus – ‘Venerable Sir, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter was bearing an embryo for seven years. Bearing the obstructed labor for seven [days], she has happily and healthily birthed a healthy child. She invites the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha for alms for seven days. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One consent to Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter’s invitation to accept the alms for seven days, together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha’ “.

At that time, some lay devotee had invited the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha for next day’s alms. That lay devotee was one who attended on Venerable Mahāmoggallāna. Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Mahāmoggallāna – “Come Moggallāna, approach where that lay devotee is, having approached tell that lay devotee thus – ‘Friend, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter was bearing an embryo for seven years. Bearing the obstructed labor for seven [days], she has happily and healthily birthed a healthy child. She has invited the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha for alms for seven days. Let’s do the seven days alms invitation of Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter, then we will do your alms invitation’. He is your attendant”.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, having heard the Blessed One, approached where that lay devotee was; having approached he addressed that lay devotee thus – “Friend, Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter was bearing an embryo for seven years. Bearing the obstructed labor for seven [days], she has happily and healthily birthed a healthy child. She has invited the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha for alms for seven days. Let’s do the seven days alms invitation of Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter, then we will do your alms invitation”.

“Venerable Sir, if noble Mahāmoggallāna will be my guarantor for three Dhammā – pleasures, life, and confidence too, do the seven days alms invitation of Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter, then I will do the alms invitation”. “I will be guarantor for two Dhammā – pleasures and life. Of confidence you yourself are the guarantor”.

“Venerable Sir, if noble Mahāmoggallāna is my guarantor for two Dhammā – pleasures and life, do the seven days alms invitation of Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter, then I will do the alms invitation”.

Then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, having convinced that lay devotee, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached he addressed the Blessed One thus – “My lay devotee is convinced, please do the seven days alms invitation of Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter, then he will do the alms invitation”.

Then Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter having served the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha for seven days with excellent chewables and eatables with her own hands and having satisfied and gratified them, with her son paid homage to the Blessed One and the entire Bhikkhu Saṅgha.

Then Venerable Sāriputta addressed that child thus – “Child, is it bearable; are you maintaining yourself; is there any suffering”? “Venerable Sir Sāriputta, where is it bearable for me; where is it maintainable! I have spent seven years in the blood-pot [womb]”.

Then Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter [thought] – “My son is counseling with the General of Dhamma” and she was delighted, filled with altruistic joy, rupture, and mental happiness. Then the Blessed One (having known that Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter was delighted, filled with altruistic joy, rupture, and mental happiness) addressed Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter thus – “Do you wish another son like this”? “I do wish seven other sons like this, O Blessed One”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T22 “Disagreeable disguised as agreeable, non-dear disguised as dear;

Suffering disguised as happiness, overcome the heedless one”. Eighth. [33]

2.9 (19) Visākhāsuttaṃ – Visākhā Sutta [34]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena visākhāya migāramātuyā kocideva attho raññe pasenadimhi kosale paṭibaddho [paṭibandho (pī. ka.)] hoti. Taṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo na yathādhippāyaṃ tīreti.

Atha kho visākhā migāramātā divā divassa [divādivasseva (syā.), divādivasseyeva (pī.), divā divassayeva (ka.)] yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca – “handa kuto nu tvaṃ, visākhe, āgacchasi divā divassā”ti? “Idha me, bhante, kocideva attho raññe pasenadimhi kosale paṭibaddho; taṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo na yathādhippāyaṃ tīretī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V23 “Sabbaṃ paravasaṃ dukkhaṃ, sabbaṃ issariyaṃ sukhaṃ;

Sādhāraṇe vihaññanti, yogā hi duratikkamā”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in the Eastern Monastery, Migāra’s-Mother’s Mansion. At that time, for some reason King Pasenadi Kosala was obstructing Visākhā Migāramātā. Therefore King Pasenadi Kosala was not finishing [the business] as wished.

Then Visākhā Migāramātā, in the day time approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, she sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed Visākhā Migāramātā sitting on one side thus – “Alas! Visākhā, why have you come here in the day time”? “Venerable Sir, here for some reason King Pasenadi Kosala is obstructing me; King Pasenadi Kosala is not finishing [the business] as wished”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T23 “Everything controlled by others is suffering, all under our supremacy is happiness;

Commonly held [things] are oppressing, bonds are hard to transcend”. Ninth. [35]

2.10 (20) Bhaddiyasuttaṃ – Bhaddiya (Good) Sutta [36]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā anupiyāyaṃ viharati ambavane. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā bhaddiyo kāḷīgodhāya putto araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – “aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha”nti!

Assosuṃ kho sambahulā bhikkhū āyasmato bhaddiyassa kāḷīgodhāya puttassa araññagatassapi rukkhamūlagatassapi suññāgāragatassapi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānentassa – “aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha”nti! Sutvāna nesaṃ etadahosi – “nissaṃsayaṃ kho, āvuso, āyasmā bhaddiyo kāḷīgodhāya putto anabhirato brahmacariyaṃ carati, yaṃsa pubbe agāriyabhūtassa [agārikabhūtassa (syā.)] rajjasukhaṃ, so tamanussaramāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’”nti!

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “āyasmā, bhante, bhaddiyo kāḷīgodhāya putto araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’nti! Nissaṃsayaṃ kho, bhante, āyasmā bhaddiyo kāḷīgodhāya putto anabhirato brahmacariyaṃ carati. Yaṃsa pubbe agāriyabhūtassa rajjasukhaṃ, so tamanussaramāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’”nti!

Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – “ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena bhaddiyaṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso bhaddiya, āmantetī’”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā bhaddiyo kāḷīgodhāya putto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhaddiyaṃ kāḷīgodhāya puttaṃ etadavoca – “satthā taṃ, āvuso bhaddiya, āmantetī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā bhaddiyo kāḷīgodhāya putto tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ bhaddiyaṃ kāḷīgodhāya puttaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –

“Saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, bhaddiya, araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’”nti! “Evaṃ, bhante”ti.

“Kiṃ pana [kaṃ pana (syā pī.)] tvaṃ, bhaddiya, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’”nti! “Pubbe me, bhante, agāriyabhūtassa rajjaṃ kārentassa antopi antepure rakkhā susaṃvihitā ahosi, bahipi antepure rakkhā susaṃvihitā ahosi, antopi nagare rakkhā susaṃvihitā ahosi, bahipi nagare rakkhā susaṃvihitā ahosi, antopi janapade rakkhā susaṃvihitā ahosi, bahipi janapade rakkhā susaṃvihitā ahosi. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, evaṃ rakkhito gopito santo bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrāsī vihāsiṃ. Etarahi kho panāhaṃ, bhante, araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi eko [ekako (syā. pī.)] abhīto anubbiggo anussaṅkī anutrāsī appossukko pannalomo paradattavutto [paradavutto (ka. sī. syā. pī.)], migabhūtena cetasā viharāmi. Imaṃ [idaṃ (sī. ka.)] kho ahaṃ, bhante, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno araññagatopi rukkhamūlagatopi suññāgāragatopi abhikkhaṇaṃ udānaṃ udānesi [udānemi (ka.)] – ‘aho sukhaṃ, aho sukha’”nti!

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V24 “Yassantarato na santi kopā,

Itibhavābhavatañca vītivatto;

Taṃ vigatabhayaṃ sukhiṃ asokaṃ,

Devā nānubhavanti dassanāyā”ti. dasamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Anupiyā in Mango Forest. At that time, Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, repeatedly uttered these inspired utterances – “Oh happiness, oh happiness”!

Many bhikkhus heard Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, repeatedly utter these inspired utterances – “Oh happiness, oh happiness”! Having heard it occurred to them thus – “Friend, doubtlessly Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā fares the holy-life non-delightedly, previously as a house-holder he had kingly happiness, so recollecting that, having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, he repeatedly utters these inspired utterances – ‘Oh happiness, oh happiness’!

Then many bhikkhus approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, repeatedly utters these inspired utterances – ‘Oh happiness, oh happiness’! Venerable Sir, doubtlessly Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā fares the holy-life non-delightedly, previously as a house-holder he had kingly happiness, so recollecting that, having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, he repeatedly utters these inspired utterances – ‘Oh happiness, oh happiness’ ”!

Then the Blessed One invited some bhikkhu – “Come bhikkhu, invite bhikkhu Bhaddiya in my name – ‘Teacher invites you, friend Bhaddiya’ “.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus that bhikkhu, having heard the Blessed One, approached where Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā was; having approached he addressed Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā thus – “Teacher invites you, friend Bhaddiya“. “May it be so, friend” saying thus Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā, having heard that bhikkhu, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed Venerable Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷīgodhā sitting on one side thus –

“Is it true, Bhaddiya, that having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, you repeatedly utter these inspired utterances – ‘Oh happiness, oh happiness’! “That is so, Venerable Sir”.

“But, Bhaddiya, clearly seeing what reason, having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, you repeatedly utter these inspired utterances – ‘Oh happiness, oh happiness’ ”? “Previously, Venerable Sir, while being a house-holder, while I was ruling, I was furnished protection inside the dwelling, I was furnished protection outside the dwelling, I was furnished protection inside the city, I was furnished protection outside the city, I was furnished protection inside the republic, I was furnished protection outside the republic. Venerable Sir, thus protected and guarded, I dwelt afraid, anxious, distrustful, and alarmed. But here now, Venerable Sir, having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, being solitary, I am unafraid, unanxious, trustful, unalarmed, uninterested [in worldly affairs], pacified, living on what others give, dwelling with a mind like that of a free deer. Clearly seeing this reason, having gone to the jungle, having gone to the tree-root, having gone to an empty place, I repeatedly utter these inspired utterances – ‘Oh happiness, oh happiness’ ”! [37]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T24 “Who internally has no anger,

Having overcome becoming and not becoming;

That one fearless, happy and sorrowless,

Even devā do not get to see such a one”. Tenth.

Mucalindavaggo dutiyo niṭṭhito. – Second Section on Mucalinda is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Mucalindo rājā daṇḍena, sakkāro upāsakena ca;

Gabbhinī ekaputto ca, suppavāsā visākhā ca;

Kāḷīgodhāya bhaddiyoti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Mucalinda, kings, by stick, hospitality, lay-devotee too;

Pregnant, only-son too, Suppavāsā, Visākhā too;

Kāḷīgodhā Bhaddiya too.

3. Nandavaggo – Section on Nanda

3.1 (21) Kammavipākajasuttaṃ – Kamma Results Sutta [38]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya purāṇakammavipākajaṃ dukkhaṃ tibbaṃ kharaṃ kaṭukaṃ vedanaṃ adhivāsento sato sampajāno avihaññamāno.

Addasā kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya purāṇakammavipākajaṃ dukkhaṃ tibbaṃ kharaṃ kaṭukaṃ vedanaṃ adhivāsentaṃ sataṃ sampajānaṃ avihaññamānaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V25 “Sabbakammajahassa bhikkhuno,

Dhunamānassa pure kataṃ rajaṃ;

Amamassa ṭhitassa tādino,

Attho natthi janaṃ lapetave”ti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, some bhikkhu sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, was bearing the results of the former kammā – painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings – mindfully, seeing clearly, without getting oppressed.

Then the Blessed One saw that bhikkhu sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, bearing the results of the former kammā – painful, intense, severe, bitter feelings – mindfully, seeing clearly, without getting oppressed.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T25 “Abandoning all kammā the bhikkhu,

Shaking the previously done, the dust;

Unselfish steady the thus one,

Has no use prattling with people”. First.

3.2 (22) Nandasuttaṃ – Nanda Sutta [39]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā nando bhagavato bhātā mātucchāputto sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evamāroceti – “anabhirato ahaṃ, āvuso, brahmacariyaṃ carāmi; na sakkomi brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmī”ti.

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “āyasmā, bhante, nando bhagavato bhātā mātucchāputto sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evamāroceti – ‘anabhirato ahaṃ, āvuso, brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, na sakkomi brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmī’”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – “ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena nandaṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso nanda, āmantetī’”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā nando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ etadavoca – “satthā taṃ, āvuso nanda, āmantetī”ti.

“Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā nando tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –

“Saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, nanda, sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evamārocesi – ‘anabhirato ahaṃ, āvuso, brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, na sakkomi brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmī’”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante”ti.

“Kissa pana tvaṃ, nanda, anabhirato brahmacariyaṃ carasi, na sakkosi brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissasī”ti? “Sākiyānī maṃ [mama (syā., aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā)], bhante, janapadakalyāṇī gharā nikkhamantassa [nikkhamantaṃ (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pāṭhantaraṃ)] upaḍḍhullikhitehi kesehi apaloketvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘tuvaṭaṃ kho, ayyaputta, āgaccheyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, tamanussaramāno anabhirato brahmacariyaṃ carāmi, na sakkomi brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissāmī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ [sammiñjitaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya [sammiñjeyya (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)], evameva – jetavane antarahito devesu tāvatiṃsesu pāturahosi.

Tena kho pana samayena pañcamattāni accharāsatāni sakkassa devānamindassa upaṭṭhānaṃ āgatāni honti kakuṭapādāni. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ āmantesi – “passasi no tvaṃ, nanda, imāni pañca accharāsatāni kakuṭapādānī”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante”ti.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, nanda, katamā nu kho abhirūpatarā vā dassanīyatarā vā pāsādikatarā vā, sākiyānī vā janapadakalyāṇī, imāni vā pañca accharāsatāni kakuṭapādānī”ti? “Seyyathāpi, bhante, paluṭṭhamakkaṭī kaṇṇanāsacchinnā, evameva kho, bhante, sākiyānī janapadakalyāṇī imesaṃ pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ upanidhāya saṅkhyampi [saṅkhampi (sī.)] nopeti kalabhāgampi nopeti upanidhimpi nopeti. Atha kho imāni pañca accharāsatāni abhirūpatarāni ceva dassanīyatarāni ca pāsādikatarāni cā”ti.

“Abhirama, nanda, abhirama, nanda! Ahaṃ te pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādāna”nti. “Sace me, bhante, bhagavā pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādānaṃ, abhiramissāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavati brahmacariye”ti [bhagavā brahmacariyeti (syā. pī.), bhagavā brahmacariyanti (ka.)].

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – devesu tāvatiṃsesu antarahito jetavane pāturahosi.

Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū – “āyasmā kira nando bhagavato bhātā mātucchāputto accharānaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carati; bhagavā kirassa pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādāna”nti.

Atha kho āyasmato nandassa sahāyakā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ nandaṃ bhatakavādena ca upakkitakavādena ca samudācaranti – “bhatako kirāyasmā nando upakkitako kirāyasmā nando accharānaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carati; bhagavā kirassa pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādāna”nti.

Atha kho āyasmā nando sahāyakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhatakavādena ca upakkitakavādena ca aṭṭīyamāno harāyamāno jigucchamāno eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. “Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā nando arahataṃ ahosi.

Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ jetavanaṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “āyasmā, bhante, nando bhagavato bhātā mātucchāputto āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti. Bhagavatopi kho ñāṇaṃ udapādi – “nando āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā nando tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā nando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “yaṃ me, bhante, bhagavā pāṭibhogo pañcannaṃ accharāsatānaṃ paṭilābhāya kakuṭapādānaṃ, muñcāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ etasmā paṭissavā”ti. “Mayāpi kho tvaṃ, nanda [kho te nanda (sī. syā. pī.), kho nanda (ka.)], cetasā ceto paricca vidito – ‘nando āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Devatāpi me etamatthaṃ ārocesi – ‘āyasmā, bhante, nando bhagavato bhātā mātucchāputto āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’ti. Yadeva kho te, nanda, anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ, athāhaṃ mutto etasmā paṭissavā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V26 “Yassa nittiṇṇo paṅko,

Maddito kāmakaṇṭako;

Mohakkhayaṃ anuppatto,

Sukhadukkhesu na vedhatī sa bhikkhū”ti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Nanda the brother, mother’s sister’s son, of the Blessed One had informed many bhikkhus thus – “Friend, I fare the holy-life non-delightedly; I am not capable of bearing the holy-life, repudiating the training I will live the low-life [of a house-holder]”. [40]

Then some bhikkhu approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting down on one side he addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, Venerable Nanda the brother, mother’s sister’s son, of the Blessed One has informed many bhikkhus thus – “Friend, I fare the holy-life non-delightedly; I am not capable of bearing the holy-life, repudiating the training I will live the low-life [of a house-holder]”.

Then the Blessed One invited some bhikkhu – “Come, bhikkhu, in my name invite bhikkhu Nanda – ‘Teacher invites you, friend Nanda’ “. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus that bhikkhu, having heard the Blessed One, approached where Venerable Nanda was; having approached he addressed Venerable Nanda thus – “Teacher invites you, friend Nanda“.

“May it be so, friend” saying thus Venerable Nanda, having heard that bhikkhu, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed Venerable Nanda sitting on one side thus –

“Is it true, Nanda, that you have informed many bhikkhus thus – “Friend, I fare the holy-life non-delightedly; I am not capable of bearing the holy-life, repudiating the training I will live the low-life [of a house-holder]”? “That is so, Venerable Sir”.

“Nanda, but why are you faring the holy-life non-delightedly; not capable of bearing the holy-life, repudiating the training to live the low-life [of a house-holder]”? “Venerable Sir, when I was going-forth, the Sākiyan woman Janapadakalyāṇī with partly-combed hair, taking my leave addressed me thus – ‘Return quickly, young master’. Venerable Sir, recollecting that [scene and her], I fare the holy-life non-delightedly; I am not capable of bearing the holy-life, repudiating the training I will live the low-life [of a house-holder]”. [41]

Then the Blessed One, holding Venerable Nanda by arm – just as if a strong man would quickly open the closed arm, or close the open arm, like that – disappeared from Jeta’s Forest and reappeared in the Tāvatiṃsa [heaven].

At that time, five hundred dove-footed Apsarā had come to attend on Sakka, the devā-king. Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Nanda – “Nanda, do you see these five hundred dove-footed Apsarā”? “That is so, Venerable Sir”.

“Nanda, What do you think, who is more beautiful, better-looking, more gracious; the Sākiyan woman Janapadakalyāṇī or these five hundred dove-footed Apsarā”? “Venerable Sir, compared to these five hundred Apsarā, the Sākiyan woman Janapadakalyāṇī is just like a singed and burnt female monkey with ear and nose cut-off; there is no reckoning, not even a fraction, there is no comparison. Indeed, these five hundred Apsarā are more beautiful, better-looking, and more gracious”.

“Delight, Nanda, delight, Nanda! I am your guarantor for gaining [these] five hundred dove-footed Apsarā”. “Venerable Sir, if the Blessed One is my guarantor for gaining [these] five hundred dove-footed Apsarā, I will delight in the holy-life of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir”. [42]

Then the Blessed One, holding Venerable Nanda by arm – just as if a strong man would quickly open the closed arm, or close the open arm, like that – disappeared from the Tāvatiṃsa [heaven] and reappeared in Jeta’s Forest.

Then the bhikkhus heard – “It is said, Venerable Nanda the brother, mother’s sister’s son, of the Blessed One, is faring the holy-life for the sake of Apsarā; the Blessed One is said to be [his] guarantor for gaining five hundred dove-footed Apsarā”.

Then the companion bhikkhus of Venerable Nanda treated him like a servant or a hireling – “Venerable Nanda is said to be a servant, Venerable Nanda is said to be a hireling, faring the holy-life for the sake of Apsarā; the Blessed One is said to be [his] guarantor for gaining five hundred dove-footed Apsarā”.

Then Venerable Nanda, distressed, ashamed, and disgusted at being called a servant and a hireling by his companion bhikkhus, dwelt solitary, remote, heedful, ardent, and resolute, and in no long time – the reason for which sons of reputable families completely go forth from home to homelessness for that unsurpassed [goal] – reached the end of faring the holy-life, having self-realized the higher knowledges in this world, and dwelt appeased. He fully knew “Ended is birth, holy-life has been lived, what had to be done is done, there is no more hereafter”. Then Venerable Nanda became one of the Arahants. [43]

Then when the night had advanced, some devatā of excellent complexion, lighting-up the entire Jeta’s Forest approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, she stood on one side. Standing on one side that devatā addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, Venerable Nanda the brother, mother’s sister’s son, of the Blessed One, with the ending of taints, taintless with a fully-freed mind, fully-freed by wisdom in this world, having self-realized the higher knowledges, dwells appeased”. The understanding also arose in the Blessed One – “Nanda, with the ending of taints, taintless with a fully-freed mind, fully-freed by wisdom in this world, having self-realized the higher knowledges, dwells appeased”.

Then Venerable Nanda, when that night was ending, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Nanda addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, you became my guarantor for gaining five hundred dove-footed Apsarā, Venerable Sir, I free the Blessed One from that promise”. “I too, Nanda, having completely understood your mind with my mind, know – ‘Nanda, with the ending of taints, taintless with a fully-freed mind, fully-freed by wisdom in this world, having self-realized the higher knowledges, dwells appeased’. Devatā too have informed me thus – ‘Venerable Sir, Venerable Nanda the brother, mother’s sister’s son, of the Blessed One, with the ending of taints, taintless with a fully-freed mind, fully-freed by wisdom in this world, having self-realized the higher knowledges, dwells appeased’. As soon as your mind was fully-freed by non-clinging to the taints, I was freed from this promise”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T26 “One who has crossed-over the mud,

Trampled the thorn of sensual pleasures;

Reached the end of delusion,

That bhikkhu doesn’t tremble by happiness or suffering”. Second.

3.3 (23) Yasojasuttaṃ – Yasoja Sutta [44]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena yasojappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni sāvatthiṃ anuppattāni honti bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Tedha kho āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā [uccāsaddamahāsaddā (ka.)] ahesuṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “ke panete, ānanda, uccāsaddā mahāsaddā kevaṭṭā maññe macchavilope”ti? “Etāni, bhante, yasojappamukhāni pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni sāvatthiṃ anuppattāni bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Tete āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā”ti. “Tenahānanda, mama vacanena te bhikkhū āmantehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – “satthā āyasmante āmantetī”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca –

“Kiṃ nu tumhe, bhikkhave, uccāsaddā mahāsaddā, kevaṭṭā maññe macchavilope”ti? Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā yasojo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “imāni, bhante, pañcamattāni bhikkhusatāni sāvatthiṃ anuppattāni bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. Teme āgantukā bhikkhū nevāsikehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ paṭisammodamānā senāsanāni paññāpayamānā pattacīvarāni paṭisāmayamānā uccāsaddā mahāsaddā”ti. “Gacchatha, bhikkhave, paṇāmemi vo [vo paṇāmemi (sabbattha) ma. ni. 2.157 passitabbaṃ]; na vo mama santike vatthabba”nti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā [paṭisaṃsāmetvā (syā.)] pattacīvaramādāya yena vajjī tena cārikaṃ pakkamiṃsu. Vajjīsu anupubbena cārikaṃ caramānā yena vaggumudā nadī tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā vaggumudāya nadiyā tīre paṇṇakuṭiyo karitvā vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu.

Atha kho āyasmā yasojo vassūpagato [vassūpagate (ka.)] bhikkhū āmantesi – “bhagavatā mayaṃ, āvuso, paṇāmitā atthakāmena hitesinā, anukampakena anukampaṃ upādāya. Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, tathā vihāraṃ kappema yathā no viharataṃ bhagavā attamano assā”ti. “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato yasojassa paccassosuṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū vūpakaṭṭhā appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharantā tenevantaravassena sabbeva tisso vijjā sacchākaṃsu.

Atha kho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena vesālī tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena vesālī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā vaggumudātīriyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cetasā ceto paricca manasi karitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “ālokajātā viya me, ānanda, esā disā, obhāsajātā viya me, ānanda, esā disā; yassaṃ disāyaṃ [yāyaṃ (ka.)] vaggumudātīriyā bhikkhū viharanti. Gantuṃ appaṭikūlāsi me manasi kātuṃ. Pahiṇeyyāsi tvaṃ, ānanda, vaggumudātīriyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ – ‘satthā āyasmante āmanteti, satthā āyasmantānaṃ dassanakāmo’”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā yena aññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – “ehi tvaṃ, āvuso, yena vaggumudātīriyā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā vaggumudātīriye bhikkhū evaṃ vadehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmanteti, satthā āyasmantānaṃ dassanakāmo’”ti.

“Evamāvuso”ti kho so bhikkhu āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ antarahito vaggumudāya nadiyā tīre tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ purato pāturahosi. Atha kho so bhikkhu vaggumudātīriye bhikkhū etadavoca – “satthā āyasmante āmanteti, satthā āyasmantānaṃ dassanakāmo”ti.

“Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – vaggumudāya nadiyā tīre antarahitā mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ bhagavato sammukhe pāturahesuṃ. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā āneñjena samādhinā nisinno hoti. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – “katamena nu kho bhagavā vihārena etarahi viharatī”ti? Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – “āneñjena kho bhagavā vihārena etarahi viharatī”ti. Sabbeva āneñjasamādhinā nisīdiṃsu.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante paṭhame yāme, uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ [cīvaraṃ (sabbattha)] karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo; ciranisinnā āgantukā bhikkhū; paṭisammodatu, bhante, bhagavā āgantukehi bhikkhūhī”ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.

Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante majjhime yāme, uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto majjhimo yāmo; ciranisinnā āgantukā bhikkhū; paṭisammodatu, bhante, bhagavā āgantukehi bhikkhūhī”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.

Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante pacchime yāme, uddhaste aruṇe, nandimukhiyā rattiyā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo; uddhasto aruṇo; nandimukhī ratti; ciranisinnā āgantukā bhikkhū; paṭisammodatu, bhante, bhagavā, āgantukehi bhikkhūhī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “sace kho tvaṃ, ānanda, jāneyyāsi ettakampi te nappaṭibhāseyya [nappaṭibheyya (?)]. Ahañca, ānanda, imāni ca pañca bhikkhusatāni sabbeva āneñjasamādhinā nisīdimhā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V27 “Yassa jito kāmakaṇṭako,

Akkoso ca vadho ca bandhanañca;

Pabbatova [pabbato viya (sī. syā. pī.)] so ṭhito anejo,

Sukhadukkhesu na vedhatī sa bhikkhū”ti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, five hundred bhikkhus headed by Yasoja had reached Sāvatthi to see the Blessed One. There the newly-arrived bhikkhus were greeting the resident bhikkhus, preparing the residences, putting away bowl-and-robes, creating a pandemonium and uproar.

Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Ānanda, what is this pandemonium and uproar like fishermen at the fish market”? “Venerable Sir, five hundred bhikkhus headed by Yasoja have reached Sāvatthi to see the Blessed One. These newly-arrived bhikkhus are greeting the resident bhikkhus, preparing the residences, putting away bowl-and-robes, creating a pandemonium and uproar”. “Then, Ānanda, in my name invite those bhikkhus – ‘Teacher invites the Venerable Ones’ “.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Venerable Ānanda, having heard the Blessed One, approached where those bhikkhus were; having approached he addressed those bhikkhus thus – “Teacher invites the Venerable Ones“. “May it be so, friend” saying thus those bhikkhus, having heard Venerable Ānanda, approached where the Blessed One was, having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed those bhikkhus sitting on one side thus –

“Why were you bhikkhus, creating a pandemonium and uproar like fishermen at the fish market“? Spoken to thus, Venerable Yasoja addressed the Blessed One thus – “These five hundred bhikkhus have reached Sāvatthi to see the Blessed One. These newly-arrived bhikkhus were greeting the resident bhikkhus, preparing the residences, putting away bowl-and-robes, creating a pandemonium and uproar”. “Go away, bhikkhus, I dismiss you, you should not dwell near me”.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus those bhikkhus, having heard the Blessed One, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, after tidying up the residences, taking bowl-and-robes, left for the Vajjian Federation. In the Vajjian Federation, walking gradually they approached where the Vaggumudā river was; having approached and having made leaf-huts on the Vaggumudā riverbank, they entered the rains-residence.

Then Venerable Yasoja invited the bhikkhus who had entered the rains-residence – “Friends, the Blessed One dismissed us, wishing for our benefit and our well-being, compassionate, arousing compassion for us. Friends, let us dwell in a suitable way which would delight the Blessed One”. “May it be so, friend” said those bhikkhus having heard Venerable Yasoja. Then those bhikkhus dwelt remote, heedful, ardent, and resolute, and in that rains-residence itself, all of them realized the three knowledges. [45]

Then the Blessed One, having dwelt in Sāvatthi as desired, left for Vesālī. Walking gradually he arrived at Vesālī. There the Blessed One dwelt in Vesālī in Kūṭāgārasālā, Great Forest.

Then the Blessed One, having completely understood and recollected the minds of the bhikkhus of the Vaggumudā riverbank with his mind, invited Venerable Ānanda – “Luminous is this direction, Ānanda, lustrous is this direction, Ānanda; the direction in which bhikkhus of the Vaggumudā riverbank are dwelling. My mind has become agreeable. Ānanda, dispatch a messenger to the bhikkhus of the Vaggumudā riverbank – ‘Teacher invites the Venerable Ones, Teacher is desirous to see the Venerable Ones’ “.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Venerable Ānanda, having heard the Blessed One, approached where some bhikkhu was; having approached he addressed that bhikkhu thus – “Come friend, approach where the bhikkhus of the Vaggumudā riverbank are, having approached tell the bhikkhus of the Vaggumudā riverbank thus – ‘Teacher invites the Venerable Ones, Teacher is desirous to see the Venerable Ones’ “.

“May it be so, friend” saying thus that bhikkhu, having heard the Venerable Ānanda – just as if a strong man would quickly open the closed arm, or close the open arm, like that – disappeared from Kūṭāgārasālā, Great Forest and reappeared in front of the bhikkhus on the Vaggumudā riverbank. Then that bhikkhu addressed the bhikkhus of the Vaggumudā riverbank thus – “Teacher invites the Venerable Ones, Teacher is desirous to see the Venerable Ones“.

“May it be so, friend” saying thus those bhikkhus, having heard that bhikkhu, tidying up the residences, taking bowl-and-robes – just as if a strong man would quickly open the closed arm, or close the open arm, like that – disappeared from the Vaggumudā riverbank and reappeared in Kūṭāgārasālā, Great Forest in presence of the Blessed One. At that time, the Blessed One was in the imperturbable concentration. Then it occurred to those bhikkhus thus – “In what dwelling is the Blessed One dwelling now”? Then it occurred to those bhikkhus thus – “The Blessed One is dwelling in the imperturbable dwelling now”. All of them sat down in the imperturbable concentration.

Then Venerable Ānanda, when the night had advanced, at the end of the first watch, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, bowing where the Blessed One was, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the night has advanced; the first watch has ended; the newly-arrived bhikkhus have been sitting for a long time; Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One greet the newly-arrived bhikkhus”. Spoken to thus, the Blessed One was silent.

Second time too Venerable Ānanda, when the night had advanced, at the end of the middle watch, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, bowing where the Blessed One was, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the night has advanced; the middle watch has ended; the newly-arrived bhikkhus have been sitting for a long time; Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One greet the newly-arrived bhikkhus”. Second time too, the Blessed One was silent.

Third time too Venerable Ānanda, when the night had advanced, at the end of the last watch, while the sun was rising, at the dawn time, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, bowing where the Blessed One was, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the night has advanced; the last watch has ended; sun is rising; it’s dawn time; the newly-arrived bhikkhus have been sitting for a long time; Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One greet the newly-arrived bhikkhus”. [46]

Then the Blessed One having emerged from that concentration, invited Venerable Ānanda – “Ānanda, if you knew then you would not have spoken thus. I and all of these five hundred bhikkhus were sitting in the imperturbable concentration”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T27 “One who has won the thorn of sensual pleasures,

Reviling and the assassins and the ties too;

One standing like a mountain, imperturbable,

That bhikkhu doesn’t tremble by happiness or suffering”. Third.

3.4 (24) Sāriputtasuttaṃ – Sāriputta (Son of Sāri) Sutta [47]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V28 “Yathāpi pabbato selo, acalo suppatiṭṭhito;

Evaṃ mohakkhayā bhikkhu, pabbatova na vedhatī”ti. catutthaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Sāriputta was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having established mindfulness in forefront. The Blessed One saw Venerable Sāriputta sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having established mindfulness in forefront.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T28 “Like a rock mountain, immovable and well-established;

Thus with the ending of delusion a bhikkhu, doesn’t tremble like a mountain”. Fourth.

3.5 (25) Mahāmoggallānasuttaṃ – Mahāmoggallāna (Moggallāna the Great) Sutta [48]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya kāyagatāya satiyā ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya. Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya kāyagatāya satiyā ajjhattaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V29 “Sati kāyagatā upaṭṭhitā,

Chasu phassāyatanesu saṃvuto;

Satataṃ bhikkhu samāhito,

Jaññā nibbānamattano”ti. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Mahāmoggallāna was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having internally well-established mindfulness directed to body. The Blessed One saw Venerable Mahāmoggallāna sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having internally well-established mindfulness directed to body.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T29 “Establishing mindfulness directed to body,

Restraining the six contact sense-bases;

The bhikkhu always guarded,

Knows his own Nibbāna”. Fifth.

3.6 (26) Pilindavacchasuttaṃ – Pilindavaccha (Pilinda of Vaccha Clan) Sutta [49]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā pilindavaccho [pilindivaccho (sī.)] bhikkhū vasalavādena samudācarati. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “āyasmā, bhante, pilindavaccho bhikkhū vasalavādena samudācaratī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – “ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena pilindavacchaṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso pilindavaccha [vaccha (syā.)], āmantetī’”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā pilindavaccho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ etadavoca – “satthā taṃ, āvuso pilindavaccha, āmantetī”ti.

“Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā pilindavaccho tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ pilindavacchaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – “saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, vaccha, bhikkhū vasalavādena samudācarasī”ti? “Evaṃ, bhante”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato pilindavacchassa pubbenivāsaṃ manasi karitvā bhikkhū āmantesi – “mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, vacchassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyittha. Na, bhikkhave, vaccho dosantaro bhikkhū vasalavādena samudācarati. Vacchassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca jātisatāni abbokiṇṇāni brāhmaṇakule paccājātāni. So tassa vasalavādo dīgharattaṃ samudāciṇṇo [ajjhāciṇṇo (syā. pī. ka. aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pāṭhantaraṃ)]. Tenāyaṃ vaccho bhikkhū vasalavādena samudācaratī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V30 “Yamhī na māyā vasatī na māno,

Yo vītalobho amamo nirāso;

Panuṇṇakodho [paṇunnakodho (pī.)] abhinibbutatto,

So brāhmaṇo so samaṇo sa bhikkhū”ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time Venerable Pilindavaccha was calling bhikkhus untouchables. Then many bhikkhus approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, Venerable Pilindavaccha calls bhikkhus untouchables”.

Then the Blessed One invited some bhikkhu – “Come, bhikkhu, in my name invite bhikkhu Pilindavaccha – ‘Teacher invites you, friend Pilindavaccha’ “. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus that bhikkhu, having heard the Blessed One, approached where Venerable Pilindavaccha was; having approached he addressed Venerable Pilindavaccha thus – “Teacher invites you, friend Pilindavaccha“.

“May it be so, friend” saying thus Venerable Pilindavaccha, having heard that bhikkhu, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed Venerable Pilindavaccha sitting on one side thus – “Is it true, Vaccha, that you call bhikkhus untouchables”? “That is so, Venerable Sir”.

Then the Blessed One, having recollected the previous abodes of Venerable Pilindavaccha invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus, don’t be offended by Vaccha bhikkhu. Bhikkhus, Vaccha is not calling bhikkhus untouchables because of hatred. Bhikkhus, for the previous five-hundred lives Vaccha bhikkhu was born uninterruptedly in brāhmaṇa families. He had the habit of calling [others] untouchables for long time. Because of that Vaccha calls bhikkhus untouchables”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T30 “He who has no deceit and no conceit,

One greedless, unselfish, unelated;

Angerless and fully liberated,

He is a brāhmaṇa, a renunciate, a bhikkhu”. Sixth.

3.7 (27) Sakkudānasuttaṃ – Inspired Utterance of Sakka Sutta [50]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākassapo pippaliguhāyaṃ viharati, sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno hoti aññataraṃ [nisinno aññataraṃ (syā. ka.)] samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhitassa etadahosi – “yaṃnūnāhaṃ rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya paviseyya”nti.

Tena kho pana samayena sakko devānamindo āyasmato mahākassapassa piṇḍapātaṃ dātukāmo hoti. Pesakāravaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā tantaṃ vināti. Sujā [sujātā (syā. pī. ka.)] asurakaññā tasaraṃ pūreti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakkassa devānamindassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna gharā nikkhamitvā paccugantvā hatthato pattaṃ gahetvā gharaṃ pavisitvā [pavisetvā (ka.)] ghaṭiyā odanaṃ uddharitvā pattaṃ pūretvā āyasmato mahākassapassa adāsi. So ahosi piṇḍapāto anekasūpo anekabyañjano anekarasabyañjano [anekasūparasabyañjano (sī. pī.)]. Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – “ko nu kho ayaṃ satto yassāyaṃ evarūpo iddhānubhāvo”ti? Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – “sakko kho ayaṃ devānamindo”ti. Iti viditvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – “kataṃ kho te idaṃ, kosiya; mā [māssu (sī. syā.)] punapi evarūpamakāsī”ti. “Amhākampi, bhante kassapa, puññena attho; amhākampi puññena karaṇīya”nti.

Atha kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi – “aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ [paramaṃ dānaṃ (pī. ka.)] kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ! Aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ!! Aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhita”nti!!! Assosi kho bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya sakkassa devānamindassa vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānentassa – “aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ! Aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhitaṃ!! Aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ kassape suppatiṭṭhita”nti!!!

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V31 “Piṇḍapātikassa bhikkhuno,

Attabharassa anaññaposino;

Devā pihayanti tādino,

Upasantassa sadā satīmato”ti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time Venerable Mahākassapa was dwelling in the Pippali Cave, sitting cross-legged for seven days, having entered upon some concentration. Then, at the end of seven days, Venerable Mahākassapa emerged from that concentration. Then having emerged from that concentration, it occurred to Venerable Mahākassapa thus – “Why don’t I enter Rājagaha for the alms-round”? [51]

At that time Sakka, the devā-king, was desirous of giving alms to Venerable Mahākassapa. Having made the form of a weaver he was weaving at the loom. Sujā the Asura-maiden was feeding the weaving shuttle. Then while Venerable Mahākassapa was faring the alms-round in Rājagaha bypassing no donors, he approached where the residence of Sakka, the devā-king, was. Sakka, the devā-king, saw Venerable Mahākassapa coming from far. Having seen, he left the house to go out to meet him, holding his [Venerable Mahākassapa’s] bowl in hand, entered the house and taking the rice from the pot he filled-up the bowl and gave it to Venerable Mahākassapa. That alms-food had many condiments, many food-items, many different tastes. Then it occurred to Venerable Mahākassapa thus – “Who is this being with such power [to give such great food]”? Then it occurred to Venerable Mahākassapa thus – “This is Sakka, the devā-king”. Having known this, [he] addressed Sakka, the devā-king, thus – “What have you done, Kosiya; don’t do like this again”. “Venerable Sir Kassapa, we are also desirous of merits; we also want to do meritorious actions”.

Then Sakka, the devā-king, having greeted and circumambulated Venerable Mahākassapa; having risen up in the sky, in the space, three times uttered this inspired utterance – “Oh the giving, the highest giving to Kassapa is well-established! Oh the giving, the highest giving to Kassapa is well-established!! Oh the giving, the highest giving to Kassapa is well-established”!!! The Blessed One heard with divine ear, purified and transcending human [ear], Sakka the devā-king’s three inspired utterances after having risen up in the sky, in the space – “Oh the giving, the highest giving to Kassapa is well-established! Oh the giving, the highest giving to Kassapa is well-established!! Oh the giving, the highest giving to Kassapa is well-established”!!!

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T31 “The bhikkhu faring the alms-round,

Supporting self, one without dependents;

Is envied by the devā, the thus one,

Always appeased and mindful”. Seventh.

3.8 (28) Piṇḍapātikasuttaṃ – Alms-Round Farer Sutta [53]

“Piṇḍapātiko, āvuso, bhikkhu piṇḍāya caranto labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike cakkhunā rūpe passituṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike sotena sadde sotuṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike ghānena gandhe ghāyituṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike jivhāya rase sāyituṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike kāyena phoṭṭhabbe phusituṃ. Piṇḍapātiko, āvuso, bhikkhu sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito piṇḍāya carati. Handāvuso, mayampi piṇḍapātikā homa. Mayampi lacchāma kālena kālaṃ manāpike cakkhunā rūpe passituṃ, mayampi lacchāma kālena kālaṃ manāpike sotena sadde sotuṃ, mayampi lacchāma kālena kālaṃ manāpike ghānena gandhe ghāyituṃ, mayampi lacchāma kālena kālaṃ manāpike jivhāya rase sāyituṃ, mayampi lacchāma kālena kālaṃ manāpike kāyena phoṭṭhabbe phusituṃ; mayampi sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā apacitā piṇḍāya carissāmā”ti. Ayañcarahi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ antarākathā hoti vippakatā.

Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena karerimaṇḍalamāḷo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti?

“Idha, bhante, amhākaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ karerimaṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi –

‘Piṇḍapātiko, āvuso, bhikkhu piṇḍāya caranto labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike cakkhunā rūpe passituṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike sotena sadde sotuṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike ghānena gandhe ghāyituṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike jivhāya rase sāyituṃ, labhati kālena kālaṃ manāpike kāyena phoṭṭhabbe phusituṃ. Piṇḍapātiko, āvuso, bhikkhu sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito piṇḍāya carati. Handāvuso, mayampi piṇḍapātikā homa. Mayampi lacchāma kālena kālaṃ manāpike cakkhunā rūpe passituṃ ... pe ... kāyena phoṭṭhabbe phusituṃ. Mayampi sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā apacitā piṇḍāya carissāmā’ti. Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, antarākathā vippakatā, atha bhagavā anuppatto”ti.

“Na khvetaṃ, bhikkhave, tumhākaṃ patirūpaṃ kulaputtānaṃ saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ yaṃ tumhe evarūpiṃ kathaṃ katheyyātha. Sannipatitānaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ – dhammī vā kathā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V32 “Piṇḍapātikassa bhikkhuno,

Attabharassa anaññaposino;

Devā pihayanti tādino,

No ce saddasilokanissito”ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

“Friends, an alms-round farer bhikkhu, while faring the alms-round, from time to time gets to see charming forms with the eyes, from time to time gets to hear charming words with the ears, from time to time gets to smell charming smells with the nose, from time to time gets to taste charming tastes with the tongue, from time to time gets to touch charming contacts with the body. Friends, an alms-round farer bhikkhu is provided hospitality; respected, revered, venerated, and honored he fares the alms-round. Friends, let us also fare the alms-round. We too will from time to time get to see charming forms with the eyes, we too will from time to time get to hear charming words with the ears, we too will from time to time get to smell charming smells with the nose, we too will from time to time get to taste charming tastes with the tongue, we too will from time to time get to touch charming contacts with the body; we too will be provided hospitality; respected, revered, venerated, and honored we will fare the alms-round“. This talk was going-on between the bhikkhus.

Then the Blessed One, having emerged from the solitude in the evening, approached where the Karerimaṇḍalamāḷa was; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Having sat-down, the Blessed One invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus, what talk were you engaged in, sitting together and having gathered, what was the talk that was going-on”?

“Here, Venerable Sir, after having eaten and returned from the alms-round, we had gathered and were sitting together in the Karerimaṇḍalamāḷa when this talk arose –

‘Friends, an alms-round farer bhikkhu, while faring the alms-round, from time to time gets to see charming forms with the eyes, from time to time gets to hear charming words with the ears, from time to time gets to smell charming smells with the nose, from time to time gets to taste charming tastes with the tongue, from time to time gets to touch charming contacts with the body. Friends, an alms-round farer bhikkhu is provided hospitality; respected, revered, venerated, and honored he fares the alms-round. Friends, let us also fare the alms-round. We too will from time to time get to see charming forms with the eyes, ... same ... get to touch charming contacts with the body. We too will be provided hospitality; respected, revered, venerated, and honored we will fare the alms-round’. Venerable Sir, this talk was going-on when the Blessed One reached [here]”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T32 “The bhikkhu faring the alms-round,

Supporting self, one without dependents;

Is envied by the devā, the thus one,

If he is not dependent on words of praise”. Eighth.

3.9 (29) Sippasuttaṃ – Arts and Crafts Sutta [54]

Tatthekacce evamāhaṃsu – “hatthisippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “assasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “rathasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “dhanusippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “tharusippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “muddāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “gaṇanāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “saṅkhānasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “lekhāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “kāveyyasippaṃ [kābyasippaṃ (syā.)] sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “lokāyatasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – “khattavijjāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga”nti. Ayañcarahi tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ antarākathā hoti vippakatā.

Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena maṇḍalamāḷo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – “kāya nuttha, bhikkhave, etarahi kathāya sannisinnā, kā ca pana vo antarākathā vippakatā”ti?

“Idha, bhante, amhākaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ maṇḍalamāḷe sannisinnānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘ko nu kho, āvuso, sippaṃ jānāti? Ko kiṃ sippaṃ sikkhi? Kataraṃ sippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti?

“Tatthekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘hatthisippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti. Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘assasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘rathasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘dhanusippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘tharusippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti, ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘muddāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘gaṇanāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘saṅkhānasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘lekhāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘kāveyyasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘lokāyatasippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti; ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘khattavijjāsippaṃ sippānaṃ agga’nti. Ayaṃ kho no, bhante, antarākathā hoti vippakatā, atha bhagavā anuppatto”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V33 “Asippajīvī lahu atthakāmo,

Yatindriyo sabbadhi vippamutto;

Anokasārī amamo nirāso,

Hitvā mānaṃ ekacaro sa bhikkhū”ti. navamaṃ;

Then someone said thus – “Elephant craft is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Horse craft is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Chariot craft is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Archery is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Sword craft is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Seal Making is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Accounting is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Reasoning is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Writing is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Poetry is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Debating is foremost among arts and crafts”. Someone said thus – “Political craft is foremost among arts and crafts”. This talk was going-on between the bhikkhus. [55]

Then the Blessed One, having emerged from the solitude in the evening, approached where the Maṇḍalamāḷa was; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Having sat-down, the Blessed One invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus, what talk were you engaged in, sitting together and having gathered, what was the talk that was going-on”?

“Here, Venerable Sir, after having eaten and returned from the alms-round, we were sitting together and had gathered in the Maṇḍalamāḷa when this talk arose – ‘Friends, who knows arts and crafts? Who has learned what arts and crafts? Which arts and crafts are foremost among arts and crafts’?

“Then someone said thus – ‘Elephant craft is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Horse craft is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Chariot craft is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Archery is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Sword craft is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Seal Making is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Accounting is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Reasoning is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Writing is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Poetry is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Debating is foremost among arts and crafts’. Someone said thus – ‘Political craft is foremost among arts and crafts’. Venerable Sir, this talk was going-on when the Blessed One reached [here]”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T33 “Not living by arts and crafts, light and desirous of benefit,

With controlled faculties and fully-freed in every way;

One houseless, unselfish, unelated,

Abandoning conceit, dwelling alone, he is a bhikkhu”. Ninth. [56]

3.10 (30) Lokasuttaṃ – World Sutta [57]

Atha kho bhagavā tassa sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokesi. Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā volokento satte anekehi santāpehi santappamāne, anekehi ca pariḷāhehi pariḍayhamāne – rāgajehipi, dosajehipi, mohajehipi [mohajehipīti (sabbattha)].

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V34 “Ayaṃ loko santāpajāto,

Phassapareto rogaṃ vadati attato;

Yena yena hi maññati [yena hi maññati (syā. pī.)],

Tato taṃ hoti aññathā.

V35 “Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko,

Bhavapareto bhavamevābhinandati;

Yadabhinandati taṃ bhayaṃ,

Yassa bhāyati taṃ dukkhaṃ;

Bhavavippahānāya kho panidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussati”.

“‘Ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā bhavena bhavassa vippamokkhamāhaṃsu, sabbe te avippamuttā bhavasmā’ti vadāmi. ‘Ye vā pana keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā vibhavena bhavassa nissaraṇamāhaṃsu, sabbe te anissaṭā bhavasmā’ti vadāmi.

“Upadhiñhi paṭicca dukkhamidaṃ sambhoti, sabbupādānakkhayā natthi dukkhassa sambhavo. Lokamimaṃ passa; puthū avijjāya paretā bhūtā bhūtaratā aparimuttā; ye hi keci bhavā sabbadhi sabbatthatāya sabbe te bhavā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā”ti.

V36 “Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ, sammappaññāya passato;

Bhavataṇhā pahīyati, vibhavaṃ nābhinandati.

V37 “Sabbaso taṇhānaṃ khayā,

Asesavirāganirodho nibbānaṃ;

Tassa nibbutassa bhikkhuno,

Anupādā [anupādānā (sī.)] punabbhavo na hoti;

Abhibhūto māro vijitasaṅgāmo,

Upaccagā sabbabhavāni tādī”ti. dasamaṃ;

Then, at the end of seven days, having emerged from that concentration, with the Buddha eyes he surveyed the world. The Blessed One saw, while surveying with the Buddha eyes, beings tormented by many torments, burning by many burnings – by lust, by hate, by delusion. [58]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T34 “This world births torments,

Afflicted by contacts, is called the disease of self;

As one wishes it to be,

Then that becomes otherwise.

T35 “Desiring to become otherwise, world clings to becoming,

Afflicted by becoming, delights in becoming;

Whatever it is pleased with that is fearful,

Whatever it is afraid of that is suffering;

To abandon the becomings, the holy-life is fared here”.

“ ‘ Whoever renunciates or brāhmaṇā say that by becoming one becomes fully-freed, all of them are not fully-freed I say’. ‘But whoever renunciates or brāhmaṇā say that by not becoming one has a refuge, all of them are refuge-less I say’. [59]

“Because of possessions all suffering arises here, with the ending of all clinging there is no arising of suffering. See this world; people afflicted by ignorance, having become, delighting in becoming are not fully-freed; whatever becomings are there, everywhere, in every way, all of those becomings are impermanent, suffering, subject to change“. [60]

T36 “In this way, as it has become, one who sees with right wisdom;

Abandons the craving for becoming, doesn’t delight in not-becoming.

T37 “Ending of craving everywhere,

Remainderless lustless cessation, Nibbāna;

Thus liberated bhikkhu,

A clinging-less one has no further becoming;

Māra has been conquered, battle has been won,

He has overcome all becomings, the thus one”. Tenth.

Nandavaggo tatiyo niṭṭhito. – Third Section on Nanda is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Kammaṃ nando yasojo ca, sāriputto ca kolito;

Pilindo [pilindi (sī.)] kassapo piṇḍo, sippaṃ lokena te dasāti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Kamma Nanda Yasoja too, Sāriputta and Kolita;

Pilinda Kassapa alms-farer, arts-crafts world are the ten.

4. Meghiyavaggo – Section on Meghiya

4.1 (31) Meghiyasuttaṃ – Meghiya Sutta [61]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā cālikāyaṃ viharati cālike pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā meghiyo bhagavato upaṭṭhāko hoti. Atha kho āyasmā meghiyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho āyasmā meghiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “icchāmahaṃ, bhante, jantugāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitu”nti. “Yassadāni tvaṃ, meghiya, kālaṃ maññasī”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā meghiyo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya jantugāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Jantugāme piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena kimikāḷāya nadiyā tīraṃ tenupasaṅkami. [upasaṅkamitvā (sabbattha) a. ni. 9.3 passitabbaṃ] Addasā kho āyasmā meghiyo [upasaṅkamitvā (sabbattha) a. ni. 9.3 passitabbaṃ] kimikāḷāya nadiyā tīre jaṅghāvihāraṃ [jaṅghavihāraṃ (ka.)] anucaṅkamamāno anuvicaramāno [anuvicaramāno addasā kho (sī. syā. pī.), anuvicaramāno addasa (ka.)] ambavanaṃ pāsādikaṃ manuññaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – “pāsādikaṃ vatidaṃ ambavanaṃ manuññaṃ [idaṃ padaṃ videsapotthakesu natthi, aṅguttarepi] ramaṇīyaṃ. Alaṃ vatidaṃ kulaputtassa padhānatthikassa padhānāya. Sace maṃ bhagavā anujāneyya, āgaccheyyāhaṃ imaṃ ambavanaṃ padhānāyā”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā meghiyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā meghiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

“Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya jantugāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ. Jantugāme piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena kimikāḷāya nadiyā tīraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ [upasaṅkamitvā (sabbattha)]. Addasaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhante [upasaṅkamitvā (sabbattha)], kimikāḷāya nadiyā tīre jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamamāno anuvicaramāno [anuvicaramāno addasaṃ (sabbattha)] ambavanaṃ pāsādikaṃ manuññaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ. Disvāna me etadahosi – ‘pāsādikaṃ vatidaṃ ambavanaṃ manuññaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ. Alaṃ vatidaṃ kulaputtassa padhānatthikassa padhānāya. Sace maṃ bhagavā anujāneyya, āgaccheyyāhaṃ imaṃ ambavanaṃ padhānāyā’ti. Sace maṃ, bhante, bhagavā anujānāti [anujāneyya (a. ni. 9.3)], gaccheyyāhaṃ taṃ ambavanaṃ padhānāyā”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṃ meghiyaṃ etadavoca – “āgamehi tāva, meghiya, ekakamhi [ekakamhā (sī. pī.), ekakomhi (syā.)] tāva, yāva aññopi koci bhikkhu āgacchatī”ti.

Dutiyampi kho āyasmā meghiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “bhagavato, bhante, natthi kiñci uttari [uttariṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] karaṇīyaṃ, natthi katassa vā paticayo. Mayhaṃ kho pana, bhante, atthi uttari karaṇīyaṃ, atthi katassa paticayo. Sace maṃ bhagavā anujānāti, gaccheyyāhaṃ taṃ ambavanaṃ padhānāyā”ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ meghiyaṃ etadavoca – “āgamehi tāva, meghiya, ekakamhi tāva, yāva aññopi koci bhikkhu āgacchatī”ti.

Tatiyampi kho āyasmā meghiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “bhagavato, bhante, natthi kiñci uttari karaṇīyaṃ, natthi katassa vā paticayo. Mayhaṃ kho pana, bhante, atthi uttari karaṇīyaṃ, atthi katassa paticayo. Sace maṃ bhagavā anujānāti, gaccheyyāhaṃ taṃ ambavanaṃ padhānāyā”ti. “Padhānanti kho, meghiya, vadamānaṃ kinti vadeyyāma? Yassadāni tvaṃ, meghiya, kālaṃ maññasī”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā meghiyo uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena taṃ ambavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ ambavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā [ajjhogahetvā (sī. syā. pī.)] aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. Atha kho āyasmato meghiyassa tasmiṃ ambavane viharantassa yebhuyyena tayo pāpakā akusalā vitakkā samudācaranti, seyyathidaṃ – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko [vitakkoti (sī. pī. ka.)].

Atha kho āyasmato meghiyassa etadahosi – “acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho! Saddhāya ca vatamhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā. Atha ca panimehi tīhi pāpakehi akusalehi vitakkehi anvāsattā, seyyathidaṃ – kāmavitakkena, byāpādavitakkena, vihiṃsāvitakkena”.

Atha kho āyasmā meghiyo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā meghiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “idha mayhaṃ, bhante, tasmiṃ ambavane viharantassa yebhuyyena tayo pāpakā akusalā vitakkā samudācaranti, seyyathidaṃ – kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho! Saddhāya ca vatamhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā. Atha ca panimehi tīhi pāpakehi akusalehi vitakkehi anvāsattā, seyyathidaṃ – kāmavitakkena, byāpādavitakkena, vihiṃsāvitakkena’”.

“Aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca?

“Idha, meghiya, bhikkhu kalyāṇamitto hoti kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko. Aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā ayaṃ paṭhamo dhammo paripākāya saṃvattati.

“Puna caparaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā ayaṃ dutiyo dhammo paripākāya saṃvattati.

“Puna caparaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhu yāyaṃ kathā abhisallekhikā cetovivaraṇasappāyā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati, seyyathidaṃ – appicchakathā, santuṭṭhikathā, pavivekakathā, asaṃsaggakathā, vīriyārambhakathā, sīlakathā, samādhikathā, paññākathā, vimuttikathā, vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā; evarūpāya kathāya nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī. Aparipākāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā ayaṃ tatiyo dhammo paripākāya saṃvattati.

“Puna caparaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo viharati, akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya [uppādāya (syā.)], thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā ayaṃ catuttho dhammo paripākāya saṃvattati.

“Puna caparaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhu paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā ayaṃ pañcamo dhammo paripākāya saṃvattati. Aparipakkāya, meghiya, cetovimuttiyā ime pañca dhammā paripākāya saṃvattanti.

“Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa yaṃ sīlavā bhavissati, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharissati, ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhissati sikkhāpadesu.

“Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa yaṃ yāyaṃ kathā abhisallekhikā cetovivaraṇasappāyā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati, seyyathidaṃ – appicchakathā, santuṭṭhikathā, pavivekakathā, asaṃsaggakathā, vīriyārambhakathā, sīlakathā, samādhikathā, paññākathā, vimuttikathā, vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā; evarūpāya kathāya nikāmalābhī bhavissati akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.

“Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa yaṃ āraddhavīriyo viharissati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu.

“Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa yaṃ paññavā bhavissati, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā.

“Tena ca pana, meghiya, bhikkhunā imesu pañcasu dhammesu patiṭṭhāya cattāro dhammā uttari bhāvetabbā – asubhā bhāvetabbā rāgassa pahānāya, mettā bhāvetabbā byāpādassa pahānāya, ānāpānassati bhāvetabbā vitakkupacchedāya, aniccasaññā bhāvetabbā asmimānasamugghātāya. Aniccasaññino hi, meghiya, anattasaññā saṇṭhāti, anattasaññī asmimānasamugghātaṃ pāpuṇāti diṭṭheva dhamme nibbāna”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V38 “Khuddā vitakkā sukhumā vitakkā,

Anugatā [anuggatā (sī. ka. aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pāṭhantaraṃ)] manaso uppilāvā [ubbilāpā (sī. syā. pī.)];

Ete avidvā manaso vitakke,

Hurā huraṃ dhāvati bhantacitto.

V39 “Ete ca vidvā manaso vitakke,

Ātāpiyo saṃvaratī satīmā;

Anugate manaso uppilāve,

Asesamete pajahāsi buddho”ti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Cālikā on the Cālika mountain. At that time Venerable Meghiya was an attendant of the Blessed One. Then Venerable Meghiya approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he stood on one side. Standing on one side Venerable Meghiya addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, I wish to enter Jantugāma for the alms-round”. “Do what you think timely here, Meghiya”.

Then Venerable Meghiya, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Jantugāma for the alms-round. Having fared the alms-round in Jantugāma, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, he approached the Kimikāḷā riverbank. Venerable Meghiya saw, while walking around and about, a mango forest that was gladdening, pleasant, and delightful. Having seen it occurred to him thus – “This mango forest is gladdening, pleasant, and delightful. Enough is this for the striving of a son of a reputable family who is intent on striving. If the Blessed One permits me, I will come to this mango forest to strive”.

Then Venerable Meghiya approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Meghiya addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Here, Venerable Sir, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, I entered Jantugāma for the alms-round. Having fared the alms-round in Jantugāma, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, I approached the Kimikāḷā riverbank. I saw, while walking around and about, a mango forest that was gladdening, pleasant, and delightful. Having seen it occurred to me thus – ‘This mango forest is gladdening, pleasant, and delightful. Enough is this for the striving of a son of a reputable family who is intent on striving. If the Blessed One permits me, I will come to this mango forest to strive’. If the Blessed One permits me, I would like to go to that mango forest to strive”.

Spoken to thus, the Blessed One addressed Venerable Meghiya thus – “Wait now, Meghiya; we are alone now; wait until another bhikkhu comes”.

Second time too Venerable Meghiya addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the Blessed One has nothing further to do, nor to increase what is already done. But Venerable Sir, I have further to do, to increase what is already done. If the Blessed One permits me, I would like to go to that mango forest to strive”. Second time too the Blessed One addressed Venerable Meghiya thus – “Wait now, Meghiya; we are alone now; wait until another bhikkhu comes”.

Third time too Venerable Meghiya addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the Blessed One has nothing further to do, nor to increase what is already done. But Venerable Sir, I have further to do, to increase what is already done. If the Blessed One permits me, I would like to go to that mango forest to strive”. “You are talking about striving, Meghiya, what can we say? Do what you think timely here, Meghiya”.

Then Venerable Meghiya, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, approached where the mango forest was; having approached and entered the mango forest he sat down at a tree-root for the day-dwelling. While Venerable Meghiya was thus dwelling in the mango forest, he was frequently claimed by the three evil, unwholesome thoughts namely this – thought of sensual pleasures, thought of ill-will, thought of violence.

Then it occurred to Venerable Meghiya thus – “Marvelous it is good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir! Verily we went forth from home to homelessness with confidence. But we are befallen by these three evil, unwholesome thoughts namely this – thought of sensual pleasures, thought of ill-will, thought of violence”.

Then Venerable Meghiya, having emerged from the solitude in the evening, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Meghiya addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, while dwelling in that mango forest, I was frequently claimed by the three evil, unwholesome thoughts namely this – thought of sensual pleasures, thought of ill-will, thought of violence. Then it occurred to me thus – ‘Marvelous it is, good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir! Verily we went forth from home to homelessness with confidence. But we are befallen by these three evil, unwholesome thoughts namely this – thought of sensual pleasures, thought of ill-will, thought of violence’ ”.

“Meghiya, unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing the five phenomena. What five?

“Here Meghiya, a bhikkhu has a good friend, a good companion, a good confidant. Meghiya, the unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing this first phenomenon.

“Again Meghiya, a bhikkhu is virtuous, dwelling restrained by the restraint of Pātimokkha, endowed with conduct and alms-refuge, seeing fault in even as much as an atom of blamable, training having undertaken the training precepts. Meghiya, the unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing this second phenomenon. [62]

“Again Meghiya, a bhikkhu gets to hear easily, without difficult, without pain, whatever talk increases the austerity, beneficial mental reflection, solitary disenchantment, lustlessness, cessation, appeasement, full knowledge, full enlightenment, Nibbāna; namely this – talk on having few wishes, talk on being satisfied, talk on being detached, talk on being unassociated, talk on energy, talk on virtues, talk on concentration, talk on wisdom, talk on full-freedom, talk on knowledge and vision of full-freedom. Meghiya, the unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing this third phenomenon. [63]

“Again Meghiya, a bhikkhu dwells firm and energetic, for abandoning the unwholesome phenomena, for acquiring the wholesome phenomena, he is resolute and strives greatly, not having unyoked [from training] in the wholesome phenomena. Meghiya, the unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing this fourth phenomenon.

“Again Meghiya, a bhikkhu is wise, possessing wisdom that sees the arising and setting [of phenomena], noble, penetrating, right, leading to ending of suffering. Meghiya, the unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing this fifth phenomenon. Meghiya, the unripened freedom of mind is ripened with increasing these five phenomena.

“Having a good friend, good companion, good confidant, Meghiya, it is expected that the bhikkhu will become virtuous, will dwell restrained by the restraint of Pātimokkha, endowed with conduct and alms-refuge, seeing fault in even as much as an atom of blamable, will train having undertaken the training precepts.

“Having a good friend, good companion, good confidant, Meghiya, it is expected that the bhikkhu will get to hear easily, without difficult, without pain, whatever talk increases the austerity, beneficial mental reflection, solitary disenchantment, lustlessness, cessation, appeasement, full knowledge, full enlightenment, Nibbāna; namely this – talk on having few wishes, talk on being satisfied, talk on being detached, talk on being unassociated, talk on energy, talk on virtues, talk on concentration, talk on wisdom, talk on full-freedom, talk on knowledge and vision of full-freedom.

“Having a good friend, good companion, good confidant, Meghiya, it is expected that the bhikkhu will be firm and energetic, will abandon the unwholesome phenomena, will acquire the wholesome phenomena, he will be resolute and strive greatly, not having unyoked [from training] in the wholesome phenomena.

“Having a good friend, good companion, good confidant, Meghiya, it is expected that the bhikkhu will possess wisdom that sees the arising and setting [of phenomena], noble, penetrating, right, leading to ending of suffering.

“Then again, Meghiya, established in these five phenomena, the bhikkhu should further develop these four phenomena – repulsive should be developed to abandon lust, loving-friendliness should be developed to abandon ill-will, mindfulness of in-out breathing should be developed to cut-off thoughts, sign of impermanence should be developed to remove the ‘I am’ conceit. Meghiya, one with the sign of impermanence is the one who spreads the sign of not-self, one with the sign of not-self removes the ‘I am’ conceit, he reaches Nibbāna in this world”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T38 “Inferior thoughts, subtle thoughts,

Following [them] mentally elated;

Unknowing the mental thoughts here,

He runs here and hereafter with a confused mind.

T39 “Having known the mental thoughts here,

Ardently he guards [himself], the mindful one;

[Not] Following [them] mentally elated,

He abandons them without residue, the enlightened one”. First.

4.2 (32) Uddhatasuttaṃ – Restless Sutta [64]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kusinārāyaṃ viharati upavattane mallānaṃ sālavane. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavato avidūre araññakuṭikāyaṃ viharanti uddhatā unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatino asampajānā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā pākatindriyā.

Addasā kho bhagavā te sambahule bhikkhū avidūre araññakuṭikāyaṃ viharante uddhate unnaḷe capale mukhare vikiṇṇavāce muṭṭhassatino asampajāne asamāhite vibbhantacitte pākatindriye.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V40 “Arakkhitena kāyena [cittena (nettiyaṃ)], micchādiṭṭhihatena [micchādiṭṭhigatena (bahūsu)] ca;

Thinamiddhā [thīnamiddhā (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] bhibhūtena, vasaṃ mārassa gacchati.

V41 “Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro;

Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro, ñatvāna udayabbayaṃ;

Thīnamiddhābhibhū bhikkhu, sabbā duggatiyo jahe”ti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Kusinārā in Mallan Upavattana, Sāla Forest. At that time, many bhikkhus were dwelling in jungle huts not far from the Blessed One, restless, puffed-up, unsteady, talkative, loose talkers, with muddled mindfulness, not clearly knowing, unrestrained, confused minded, with unsubjugated faculties.

Then the Blessed One saw those many bhikkhus dwelling in jungle huts not far, restless, puffed-up, unsteady, talkative, loose talkers, with muddled mindfulness, not clearly knowing, unrestrained, confused minded, with unsubjugated faculties.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T40 “Bodily unprotected, and destroyed by wrong views;

Conquered by sloth and torpor, he goes to control of Māra. [65]

T41 “With a protected mind, resorting to right intention;

Preceded by right view, having known arising and passing;

Conquering sloth and torpor the bhikkhu, abandons all bad destinations”. Second. [66]

4.3 (33) Gopālakasuttaṃ – Cowherd Sutta [67]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ. Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi.

Atha kho aññataro gopālako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ gopālakaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi [samādāpesi (?)] samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi.

Atha kho so gopālako bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito [samādipito (?)] samuttejito sampahaṃsito bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho so gopālako bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.

Atha kho so gopālako tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane pahūtaṃ appodakapāyasaṃ [appodakapāyāsaṃ (sabbattha)] paṭiyādāpetvā navañca sappiṃ bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – “kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta”nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena tassa gopālakassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho so gopālako buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ appodakapāyasena [appodakapāyāsena ca (syā. pī.)] navena ca sappinā sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho so gopālako bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ gopālakaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Atha kho acirapakkantassa bhagavato taṃ gopālakaṃ aññataro puriso sīmantarikāya jīvitā voropesi.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “yena, bhante, gopālakena ajja buddhappamukho bhikkhusaṅgho appodakapāyasena navena ca sappinā sahatthā santappito sampavārito so kira, bhante, gopālako aññatarena purisena sīmantarikāya jīvitā voropito”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V42 “Diso disaṃ yaṃ taṃ kayirā, verī vā pana verinaṃ;

Micchāpaṇihitaṃ cittaṃ, pāpiyo naṃ tato kare”ti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was walking in the Kosala [republic] together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha. Then the Blessed One, getting off the path, approached where there was a tree-root; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him].

Then some cowherd approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. That cowherd sitting on one side was instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by the Blessed One with a Dhamma talk.

Then that cowherd, who was instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by the Blessed One with a Dhamma talk addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, please accept tomorrow’s meal together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. The Blessed One accepted silently. Then that cowherd, having known that the Blessed One had accepted, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, left.

Then that cowherd, at the ending of that night, having prepared much thick milk-rice [topped] with fresh ghee at his own residence, had the Blessed One informed – “It is time, Venerable Sir, meal is ready”. Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha approached where that cowherd’s residence was; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Then that cowherd served the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha with thick milk-rice [topped] with fresh ghee with his own hands and satisfied and gratified them. Then that cowherd, after the Blessed One had eaten and removed his hand from the alms-bowl, took some low seat and sat down on one side. The Blessed One, having instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened that cowherd sitting on one side with a Dhamma talk, rising up from the seat he left. Then not long after the Blessed One had left, that cowherd was deprived of life by someone in the boundary-land.

Then many bhikkhus approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the cowherd, who served the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha today with thick milk-rice [topped] with fresh ghee with his own hands and satisfied and gratified them that cowherd, Venerable Sir, was deprived of life by someone in the boundary-land”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T42 “Like one adversary to another, like one enemy to another;

A mind of wrong resolution, does [more] evil”. Third.

4.4 (34) Yakkhapahārasuttaṃ – Yakkha Blow Sutta [68]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahāmoggallāno kapotakandarāyaṃ viharanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto juṇhāya rattiyā navoropitehi kesehi abbhokāse nisinno hoti aññataraṃ samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā.

Tena kho pana samayena dve yakkhā sahāyakā uttarāya disāya dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ gacchanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Addasaṃsu kho te yakkhā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ juṇhāya rattiyā navoropitehi kesehi abbhokāse nisinnaṃ. Disvāna eko yakkho dutiyaṃ yakkhaṃ etadavoca – “paṭibhāti maṃ, samma, imassa samaṇassa sīse pahāraṃ dātu”nti. Evaṃ vutte, so yakkho taṃ yakkhaṃ etadavoca – “alaṃ, samma, mā samaṇaṃ āsādesi. Uḷāro so, samma, samaṇo mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo”ti.

Dutiyampi kho so yakkho taṃ yakkhaṃ etadavoca – “paṭibhāti maṃ, samma, imassa samaṇassa sīse pahāraṃ dātu”nti. Dutiyampi kho so yakkho taṃ yakkhaṃ etadavoca – “alaṃ, samma, mā samaṇaṃ āsādesi. Uḷāro so, samma, samaṇo mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo”ti. Tatiyampi kho so yakkho taṃ yakkhaṃ etadavoca – “paṭibhāti maṃ, samma, imassa samaṇassa sīse pahāraṃ dātu”nti. Tatiyampi kho so yakkho taṃ yakkhaṃ etadavoca – “alaṃ, samma, mā samaṇaṃ āsādesi. Uḷāro so, samma, samaṇo mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo”ti.

Atha kho so yakkho taṃ yakkhaṃ anādiyitvā āyasmato sāriputtattherassa sīse pahāraṃ adāsi. Tāva mahā pahāro ahosi, api tena pahārena sattaratanaṃ vā aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā nāgaṃ osādeyya, mahantaṃ vā pabbatakūṭaṃ padāleyya. Atha ca pana so yakkho ‘ḍayhāmi ḍayhāmī’ti vatvā tattheva mahānirayaṃ apatāsi [avatthāsi (ka. sī.)].

Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tena yakkhena āyasmato sāriputtattherassa sīse pahāraṃ dīyamānaṃ. Disvā yena āyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – “kacci te, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci na kiñci dukkha”nti? “Khamanīyaṃ me, āvuso moggallāna, yāpanīyaṃ me, āvuso moggallāna; api ca me sīsaṃ thokaṃ dukkha”nti.

“Acchariyaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, abbhutaṃ, āvuso sāriputta! Yāva [yaṃ tvaṃ (sī. ka.), yaṃ (syā.)] mahiddhiko āyasmā sāriputto mahānubhāvo! Idha te, āvuso sāriputta, aññataro yakkho sīse pahāraṃ adāsi. Tāva mahā pahāro ahosi, api tena pahārena sattaratanaṃ vā aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā nāgaṃ osādeyya, mahantaṃ vā pabbatakūṭaṃ padāleyya, atha ca panāyasmā sāriputto evamāha – ‘khamanīyaṃ me, āvuso moggallāna, yāpanīyaṃ me, āvuso moggallāna; api ca me sīsaṃ thokaṃ dukkha’”nti.

“Acchariyaṃ, āvuso moggallāna, abbhutaṃ, āvuso moggallāna! Yāva [yaṃ (syā.)] mahiddhiko āyasmā mahāmoggallāno mahānubhāvo yatra hi nāma yakkhampi passissati! Mayaṃ panetarahi paṃsupisācakampi na passāmā”ti.

Assosi kho bhagavā dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya tesaṃ ubhinnaṃ mahānāgānaṃ imaṃ evarūpaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V43 “Yassa selūpamaṃ cittaṃ, ṭhitaṃ nānupakampati;

Virattaṃ rajanīyesu, kopaneyye na kuppati;

Yassevaṃ bhāvitaṃ cittaṃ, kuto taṃ dukkhamessatī”ti. catutthaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time Venerables Sāriputta and Mahāmoggallāna were dwelling on Dove Grotto. At that time, Venerable Sāriputta was sitting in the open, in the moonlit night, with freshly shaven-head, having entered upon some concentration.

At that time two companion Yakkhā were going from the north to the south direction for some reason. Those Yakkhā saw Venerable Sāriputta sitting in the open, in the moonlit night, with freshly shaven-head. Having seen one Yakkha spoke to the other Yakkha – “I feel like hitting this renunciate on the head, good sir”. Spoken to thus, that Yakkha addressed the other [first] Yakkha thus – “Enough good sir, don’t offend the renunciate. Great he is, good sir, the renunciate has great supernormal powers, he is greatly powered”.

Second time too that [first] Yakkha spoke to the other Yakkha – “I feel like hitting this renunciate on the head, good sir”. Second time too that Yakkha addressed the other [first] Yakkha thus – “Enough good sir, don’t offend the renunciate. Great he is, good sir, the renunciate has great supernormal powers, he is greatly powered”. Third time too that [first] Yakkha spoke to the other Yakkha – “I feel like hitting this renunciate on the head, good sir”. Third time too that Yakkha addressed the other [first] Yakkha thus – “Enough good sir, don’t offend the renunciate. Great he is, good sir, the renunciate has great supernormal powers, he is greatly powered”.

Then that [first] Yakkha without minding the [advice of the second] Yakkha, hit Venerable Elder Bhikkhu Sāriputta on the head. That was a great blow, a blow that would fell a Nāga [elephant] seven cubits or seven-and-a-half cubits tall; even the great mountain top would get shattered. Then that [first] Yakkha having said ‘I am burning, I am burning’ right there fell in the great hell.

Venerable Mahāmoggallāna saw with divine eye, purified and transcending human eye, that [first] Yakkha hitting Venerable Elder Bhikkhu Sāriputta on the head. Having seen he approached where Venerable Sāriputta was; having approached he addressed Venerable Sāriputta thus – “Friend, is it bearable; are you maintaining yourself; is there any suffering”? “It is bearable, friend Moggallāna, I am maintaining myself, friend Moggallāna; but I do have a little head-pain”.

“Marvelous it is, friend Sāriputta, unparalleled it is, friend Sāriputta! Venerable Sāriputta has great supernormal powers, he is greatly powered! Here, friend Sāriputta, some Yakkha hit you on the head. That was a great blow, a blow that would fell a Nāga [elephant] seven-and-a-half cubits or eight cubits tall; even the great mountain top would get shattered, but Venerable Sāriputta says thus – ‘Friend Moggallāna, it is bearable, I am maintaining myself, friend Moggallāna; but I do have a little head-pain’ “.

“Marvelous it is, friend Moggallāna, unparalleled it is, friend Moggallāna! Venerable Mahāmoggallāna has great supernormal powers, he is greatly powered where he can see even the Yakkha! Here, we didn’t see even a garbage-heap demon”!

The Blessed One heard with divine ear, purified and transcending human [ear], this conversation between those two great Nāgā.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T43 “Whose mind is like a rock, established and unwavering;

Dispassionate from passion-generator, unshaken by shakable;

Whoever has developed mind like that, where is the future suffering for him”? Fourth. [69]

4.5 (35) Nāgasuttaṃ – Nāga Sutta [70]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā ākiṇṇo viharati bhikkhūhi bhikkhūnīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi. Ākiṇṇo dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharati. Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – “ahaṃ kho etarahi ākiṇṇo viharāmi bhikkhūhi bhikkhūnīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi. Ākiṇṇo dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharāmi. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ eko gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho vihareyya”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sāmaṃ senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya anāmantetvā upaṭṭhākaṃ anapaloketvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ eko adutiyo yena pālileyyakaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena pālileyyakaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pālileyyake viharati rakkhitavanasaṇḍe bhaddasālamūle.

Aññataropi kho hatthināgo ākiṇṇo viharati hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi. Chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādati, obhaggobhaggañcassa sākhābhaṅgaṃ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivati, ogāhā cassa uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo gacchanti. Ākiṇṇo dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharati. Atha kho tassa hatthināgassa etadahosi – “ahaṃ kho etarahi ākiṇṇo viharāmi hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṃ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo gacchanti, ākiṇṇo dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharāmi. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ eko gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho vihareyya”nti.

Atha kho so hatthināgo yūthā apakkamma yena pālileyyakaṃ rakkhitavanasaṇḍo bhaddasālamūlaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Tatra sudaṃ [upasaṅkamitvā tatra sudaṃ (syā. pī. ka.)] so hatthināgo yasmiṃ padese bhagavā viharati taṃ padesaṃ [appaharitañca karoti, soṇḍāya (bahūsu)] appaharitaṃ karoti, soṇḍāya ca [appaharitañca karoti, soṇḍāya (bahūsu)] bhagavato pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti [upaṭṭhapeti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)].

Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “ahaṃ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo vihāsiṃ bhikkhūhi bhikkhūnīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi, ākiṇṇo dukkhaṃ na phāsu vihāsiṃ. Somhi etarahi anākiṇṇo viharāmi bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi, anākiṇṇo sukhaṃ phāsu viharāmī”ti.

Tassapi kho hatthināgassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “ahaṃ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo vihāsiṃ hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādiṃ, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṃ khādiṃsu, āvilāni ca pānīyāni apāyiṃ, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo agamaṃsu, ākiṇṇo dukkhaṃ na phāsu vihāsiṃ. Somhi etarahi anākiṇṇo viharāmi hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikalabhehi hatthicchāpehi, acchinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṃ na khādanti, anāvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me uttiṇṇassa hatthiniyo na kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo gacchanti, anākiṇṇo sukhaṃ phāsu viharāmī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā attano ca pavivekaṃ viditvā tassa ca hatthināgassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V44 “Etaṃ [evaṃ (ka.)] nāgassa nāgena, īsādantassa hatthino;

Sameti cittaṃ cittena, yadeko ramatī mano”ti. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Kosambi in Ghosita’s Monastery. At that time the Blessed One was dwelling crowded by bhikkhus, bhikkhunis, male lay devotes, female lay devotees, kings, great ministers of the state, sectarians, and devotees of the sectarians. Crowded he dwelt in suffering, not in comfort. Then it occurred to the Blessed One thus – “Here, I am dwelling crowded by bhikkhus, bhikkhunis, male lay devotes, female lay devotees, kings, great ministers of the state, sectarians, and devotees of the sectarians. Crowded I dwell in suffering, not in comfort. Why don’t I dwell solitary, remote from the gathering”?

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Kosambi for the alms-round. Having fared the alms-round in Kosambi, had eaten, and returning from the alms-round, after having himself tidied up the residence, taking alms-bowl and robe, without having invited his attendant, without taking leave of the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, solitary without a second, left for Pālileyyaka. Walking gradually he arrived at Pālileyyaka. There the Blessed One dwelt at Pālileyyaka, in the protected forest at the root of the Good Sāla tree.

Some other Nāga elephant too was dwelling crowded by elephants, she-elephants, baby elephants, and elephant calves. He was eating rough grass, others were eating the branches he dragged-down and broke, he was drinking agitated [muddy] water, when getting out of the water she-elephants went rubbing-up against him. Crowded he dwelt in suffering, not in comfort. Then it occurred to the Nāga elephant thus – “Here, I dwell crowded by elephants, she-elephants, baby elephants, and elephant calves, I eat rough grass, they eat the branches I drag-down and break, I drink agitated [muddy] water, when getting out of the water the she-elephants go rubbing-up against me, crowded I dwell in suffering, not in comfort. Why don’t I dwell solitary, remote from the gathering”?

Then that Nāga elephant, leaving his herd, approached the Pālileyyaka, in the protected forest at the root of the Good Sāla tree, where the Blessed One was. There that Nāga elephant mowed the area where the Blessed One was dwelling, with his trunk he brought water for the Blessed One after the meals.

Then, while the Blessed One was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to him – “Indeed, previously I dwelt crowded by bhikkhus, bhikkhunis, male lay devotes, female lay devotees, kings, great ministers of the state, sectarians, and devotees of the sectarians; crowded I dwelt in suffering, not in comfort. Now here, I dwell uncrowded by bhikkhus, bhikkhunis, male lay devotes, female lay devotees, kings, great ministers of the state, sectarians, and devotees of the sectarians; uncrowded I dwell in happiness, in comfort”.

That Nāga elephant too had this thought occur to him – “Indeed, previously I dwelt crowded by elephants, she-elephants, baby elephants, and elephant calves; I was eating rough grass, others were eating the branches I dragged-down and broke, I was drinking agitated [muddy] water, when getting out of the water she-elephants went rubbing-up against me, crowded I dwelt in suffering, not in comfort. Now here, I dwell uncrowded by elephants, she-elephants, baby elephants, and elephant calves; I eat tender grass, no one eats the branches I drag-down and break, I drink unagitated [clear] water, when getting out of the water the she-elephants don’t go rubbing-up against me; uncrowded I dwell in happiness, in comfort”.

Then the Blessed One, having known his own thought and knowing the mental reflection of that Nāga elephant, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T44 “Thus the Nāga to the Nāga, elephant with the great ivory;

Agreeing mind with mind, their minds delight in being solitary”. Fifth.

4.6 (36) Piṇḍolasuttaṃ – Piṇḍola (Bhāradvāja the Alms-Seeker) Sutta [71]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā piṇḍolabhāradvājo bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya āraññiko piṇḍapātiko paṃsukūliko tecīvariko appiccho santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho āraddhavīriyo [āraddhaviriyo (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] dhutavādo adhicittamanuyutto.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ piṇḍolabhāradvājaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya āraññikaṃ piṇḍapātikaṃ paṃsukūlikaṃ tecīvarikaṃ appicchaṃ santuṭṭhaṃ pavivittaṃ asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ āraddhavīriyaṃ dhutavādaṃ adhicittamanuyuttaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V45 “Anūpavādo anūpaghāto [anupavādo anupaghāto (syā. pī. ka.)], pātimokkhe ca saṃvaro;

Mattaññutā ca bhattasmiṃ, pantañca sayanāsanaṃ;

Adhicitte ca āyogo, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana”nti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Piṇḍolabhāradvāja was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, a jungle-dweller, alms-round farer, cast-off clothes wearer, wearing only three-robes, with few wishes, satisfied, detached, unassociated, firm and energetic, doing austerities, intent on the higher mind.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Piṇḍolabhāradvāja sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, a jungle-dweller, alms-round farer, cast-off clothes wearer, wearing only three-robes, with few wishes, satisfied, detached, unassociated, firm and energetic, doing austerities, intent on the higher mind.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T45 “Not finding faults and harmless, restrained by the Pātimokkha;

Moderate in eating, a solitary dweller;

Yoked to the higher mind, this is the Teaching of the Buddhā”. Sixth. [72]

4.7 (37) Sāriputtasuttaṃ – Sāriputta (Son of Sāri) Sutta [73]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya appiccho santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho āraddhavīriyo adhicittamanuyutto.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya appicchaṃ santuṭṭhaṃ pavivittaṃ asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ āraddhavīriyaṃ adhicittamanuyuttaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V46 “Adhicetaso appamajjato,

Munino monapathesu sikkhato;

Sokā na bhavanti tādino,

Upasantassa sadā satīmato”ti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Sāriputta was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, with few wishes, satisfied, detached, unassociated, firm and energetic, intent on the higher mind.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Sāriputta sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, with few wishes, satisfied, detached, unassociated, firm and energetic, intent on the higher mind.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T46 “With an exalted mind and heedful,

Silent sage trained in the path of silent sagehood;

Sorrow doesn’t happen for the thus one,

Appeased, always mindful”. Seventh.

4.8 (38) Sundarīsuttaṃ – Sundarī (Beautiful) Sutta [74]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Bhikkhusaṅghopi sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Aññatitthiyā pana paribbājakā asakkatā honti agarukatā amānitā apūjitā anapacitā na lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ.

Atha kho te aññatitthiyā paribbājakā bhagavato sakkāraṃ asahamānā bhikkhusaṅghassa ca yena sundarī paribbājikā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sundariṃ paribbājikaṃ etadavocuṃ – “ussahasi tvaṃ, bhagini, ñātīnaṃ atthaṃ kātu”nti? “Kyāhaṃ, ayyā, karomi? Kiṃ mayā na sakkā [kiṃ mayā sakkā (syā. pī.)] kātuṃ? Jīvitampi me pariccattaṃ ñātīnaṃ atthāyā”ti.

“Tena hi, bhagini, abhikkhaṇaṃ jetavanaṃ gacchāhī”ti. “Evaṃ, ayyā”ti kho sundarī paribbājikā tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ paṭissutvā abhikkhaṇaṃ jetavanaṃ agamāsi.

Yadā te aññiṃsu aññatitthiyā paribbājakā – “vodiṭṭhā kho sundarī paribbājikā bahujanena abhikkhaṇaṃ jetavanaṃ gacchatī”ti [gacchatīti (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)]. Atha naṃ jīvitā voropetvā tattheva jetavanassa parikhākūpe nikkhipitvā [nikhanitvā (sī. syā. pī.)] yena rājā pasenadi kosalo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ pasenadiṃ kosalaṃ etadavocuṃ – “yā sā, mahārāja, sundarī paribbājikā; sā no na dissatī”ti. “Kattha pana tumhe āsaṅkathā”ti? “Jetavane, mahārājā”ti. “Tena hi jetavanaṃ vicinathā”ti.

Atha kho te aññatitthiyā paribbājakā jetavanaṃ vicinitvā yathānikkhittaṃ parikhākūpā uddharitvā mañcakaṃ āropetvā sāvatthiṃ pavesetvā rathiyāya rathiyaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ upasaṅkamitvā manusse ujjhāpesuṃ –

“Passathāyyā samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ kammaṃ! Alajjino ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā dussīlā pāpadhammā musāvādino abrahmacārino. Ime hi nāma dhammacārino samacārino brahmacārino saccavādino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissanti! Natthi imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, natthi imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ. Naṭṭhaṃ imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, naṭṭhaṃ imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ. Kuto imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, kuto imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ? Apagatā ime sāmaññā, apagatā ime brahmaññā. Kathañhi nāma puriso purisakiccaṃ karitvā itthiṃ jīvitā voropessatī”ti!

Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyaṃ manussā bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosanti vihesanti –

“Alajjino ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā dussīlā pāpadhammā musāvādino abrahmacārino. Ime hi nāma dhammacārino samacārino brahmacārino saccavādino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissanti! Natthi imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, natthi imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ. Naṭṭhaṃ imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, naṭṭhaṃ imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ. Kuto imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, kuto imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ? Apagatā ime sāmaññā, apagatā ime brahmaññā. Kathañhi nāma puriso purisakiccaṃ karitvā itthiṃ jīvitā voropessatī”ti!

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃsu. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –

“Etarahi, bhante, sāvatthiyaṃ manussā bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosanti vihesanti – ‘alajjino ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā dussīlā pāpadhammā musāvādino abrahmacārino. Ime hi nāma dhammacārino samacārino brahmacārino saccavādino sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā paṭijānissanti. Natthi imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, natthi imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ. Naṭṭhaṃ imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, naṭṭhaṃ imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ. Kuto imesaṃ sāmaññaṃ, kuto imesaṃ brahmaññaṃ? Apagatā ime sāmaññā, apagatā ime brahmaññā. Kathañhi nāma puriso purisakiccaṃ karitvā itthiṃ jīvitā voropessatī’”ti!

“Neso, bhikkhave, saddo ciraṃ bhavissati sattāhameva bhavissati. Sattāhassa accayena antaradhāyissati. Tena hi, bhikkhave, ye manussā bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosanti vihesanti, te tumhe imāya gāthāya paṭicodetha –

V47 “‘Abhūtavādī nirayaṃ upeti,

Yo vāpi [yo cāpi (sī. pī. ka.)] katvā na karomi cāha;

Ubhopi te pecca samā bhavanti,

Nihīnakammā manujā paratthā’”ti.

Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato santike imaṃ gāthaṃ pariyāpuṇitvā ye manussā bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosanti vihesanti te imāya gāthāya paṭicodenti –

V48 “Abhūtavādī nirayaṃ upeti,

Yo vāpi katvā na karomicāha;

Ubhopi te pecca samā bhavanti,

Nihīnakammā manujā paratthā”ti.

Manussānaṃ etadahosi – “akārakā ime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā. Nayimehi kataṃ. Sapantime samaṇā sakyaputtiyā”ti. Neva so saddo ciraṃ ahosi. Sattāhameva ahosi. Sattāhassa accayena antaradhāyi.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etadavocuṃ –

“Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhante bhagavatā – ‘neso, bhikkhave, saddo ciraṃ bhavissati. Sattāhameva bhavissati. Sattāhassa accayena antaradhāyissatī’ti. Antarahito so, bhante, saddo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V49 “Tudanti vācāya janā asaññatā,

Sarehi saṅgāmagataṃva kuñjaraṃ;

Sutvāna vākyaṃ pharusaṃ udīritaṃ,

Adhivāsaye bhikkhu aduṭṭhacitto”ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

Then, those sectarian wanderers not being able to bear the hospitality given to the Blessed One and the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, approached where Sundarī the female wanderer was, having approached they addressed Sundarī the female wanderer thus – “Will you do energetic endeavor for your relatives”? “What should I do, Noble Ones? What haven’t I done? I will surrender even my life for the sake of my relatives”.

“Then, sister, go to Jeta’s Forest repeatedly”. “May it be so, Noble Ones” saying thus, Sundarī the female wanderer, having heard those sectarian wanderers, repeatedly went to Jeta’s Forest.

Then those sectarian wanderers knew – “It is fully known by many people that Sundarī the female wanderer repeatedly goes to Jeta’s Forest”. Then having deprived her of life, having placed [her body] in a trench-pit in Jeta’s Forest, they approached where King Pasenadi Kosala was; having approached they addressed King Pasenadi Kosala thus – “Sundarī the female wanderer is not seen”. “Where do you doubt she is”? “In Jeta’s Forest, Great King”. “Then search Jeta’s Forest”.

Then those sectarian wanderers, having searched Jeta’s Forest, having taken out where they had placed [body of Sundarī the female wanderer] in the trench-pit, having put [her body] on a cremation carrier entered Sāvatthi and having approached street to street, cross-road to cross-road, complained to people –

“See the kammā of the Sakyan renunciates! Shameless are these Sakyan renunciates, unvirtuous, evil-doers, liars, not farers of the holy-life. Indeed, they are known as farers of the Dhamma, farers of virtuous conduct, farers of the holy-life, truth speakers, virtuous, good-doers! There is no renunciate state in them, there is no brāhmaṇa state in them. Destroyed is their renunciate state, destroyed is their brāhmaṇa state. Where is their renunciate state, where is their brāhmaṇa state? They have departed from the renunciate state, they have departed from the brāhmaṇa state. What kind of man, having done a man-deed, will deprive the woman of life”!

At that time, the people of Sāvatthi having seen bhikkhus, with vulgar and harsh speech they reviled, abused, angered, and harassed them –

“Shameless are these Sakyan renunciates, unvirtuous, evil-doers, liars, not farers of the holy-life. Indeed, they are known as farers of the Dhamma, farers of virtuous conduct, farers of the holy-life, truth speakers, virtuous, good-doers! There is no renunciate state in them, there is no brāhmaṇa state in them. Destroyed is their renunciate state, destroyed is their brāhmaṇa state. Where is their renunciate state, where is their brāhmaṇa state? They have departed from the renunciate state, they have departed from the brāhmaṇa state. What kind of man, having done a man-deed, will deprive the woman of life”!

“Here, Venerable Sir, the people of Sāvatthi with vulgar and harsh speech revile, abuse, anger, and harass the bhikkhus – ‘Shameless are these Sakyan renunciates, unvirtuous, evil-doers, liars, not farers of the holy-life. Indeed, they are known as farers of the Dhamma, farers of virtuous conduct, farers of the holy-life, truth speakers, virtuous, good-doers! There is no renunciate state in them, there is no brāhmaṇa state in them. Destroyed is their renunciate state, destroyed is their brāhmaṇa state. Where is their renunciate state, where is their brāhmaṇa state? They have departed from the renunciate state, they have departed from the brāhmaṇa state. What kind of man, having done a man-deed, will deprive the woman of life’ ”!

“These words will not last long, bhikkhus, for seven [days] only. At the end of seven [days], it will disappear. Therefore, bhikkhus, when people with vulgar and harsh speech revile, abuse, anger, and harass the bhikkhus; you should reprove them with this verse –

T47 “ ‘A liar arises in hell,

And the one who having done says I didn’t do it;

Both become same afterwards,

People doing lowly kammā hereafter’ ”. [75]

Then those bhikkhus having mastered this verse in presence of the Blessed One, when people with vulgar and harsh speech reviled, abused, angered, and harassed the bhikkhus; they reproved them with this verse –

T48 “A liar arises in hell,

And the one who having done says I didn’t do it;

Both become same afterwards,

People doing lowly kammā hereafter”.

It occurred to the people – “Non-doers are these Sakyan renunciates. They didn’t do it. Remote [from such deeds] are these Sakyan renunciates”. Those words did not last long. Seven [days] only [it lasted]. At the end of seven [days], it disappeared.

“Marvelous it is, Venerable Sir, unparalleled it is, Venerable Sir! As well-said by the Venerable Blessed One here – ‘These words will not last long, bhikkhus. For seven [days] only. At the end of seven [days], it will disappear’. The words have disappeared”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T49 “Intemperate people incite with words,

Like a war-elephant gone to battle [incited] with arrows;

Having heard spoken harsh words,

The bhikkhu should endure [them] with a non-hateful mind”. Eighth.

4.9 (39) Upasenasuttaṃ – Upasena (Upasena Son of Vaṅganta) Sutta [76]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmato upasenassa vaṅgantaputtassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, satthā ca me bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho; svākkhāte camhi dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito; sabrahmacārino ca me sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā; sīlesu camhi paripūrakārī; susamāhito camhi ekaggacitto; arahā camhi khīṇāsavo; mahiddhiko camhi mahānubhāvo. Bhaddakaṃ me jīvitaṃ, bhaddakaṃ maraṇa”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato upasenassa vaṅgantaputtassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V50 “Yaṃ jīvitaṃ na tapati, maraṇante na socati;

Sa ve diṭṭhapado dhīro, sokamajjhe na socati.

V51 “Ucchinnabhavataṇhassa, santacittassa bhikkhuno;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavo”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. Then while Venerable Upasena Vaṅgantaputta was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to him – “Verily it’s a gain for me, verily it’s well-gained by me, that my Teacher is a Blessed One, an Arahant, a rightly self-enlightened one; I have gone-forth in the Dhamma-Vinaya well-propounded; my co-farers in holy-life are virtuous good-doers; I have fulfilled the virtues; well-restrained and well-concentrated I am; an Arahant I am with taints ended; with great supernormal powers and greatly powered I am. Noble is my living, noble will be my death”. [77]

Then the Blessed One, knowing Venerable Upasena Vaṅgantaputta’s mental reflection, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T50 “One who is not tormented while living, doesn’t sorrow while dying;

That one seeing, the patient one, doesn’t sorrow amongst sorrows.

T51 “Cutting off craving for becoming, the peaceful minded bhikkhu;

Fully ended is birth and the round of existences, he has no further becoming”. Ninth.

4.10 (40) Sāriputtaupasamasuttaṃ – Appeased Sāriputta (Son of Sāri) Sutta [78]

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya attano upasamaṃ paccavekkhamānaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V52 “Upasantasantacittassa, netticchinnassa bhikkhuno;

Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, mutto so mārabandhanā”ti. dasamaṃ;

The Blessed One saw Venerable Sāriputta sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, contemplating his own appeasement.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T52 “Appeased and peaceful minded, the bhikkhu having cut-off the lead [to becoming];

Fully ended is birth and the round of existences, he is freed from the ties of Māra”. Tenth.

Meghiyavaggo catuttho niṭṭhito. – Fourth Section on Meghiya is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Meghiyo uddhatā gopālo,

yakkho [juṇhā (sī. syā. pī.), juṇhaṃ (ka.)] nāgena pañcamaṃ;

Piṇḍolo sāriputto ca, sundarī bhavati aṭṭhamaṃ;

Upaseno vaṅgantaputto, sāriputto ca te dasāti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Meghiya, restless, cowherd,

Yakkha Nāga is the fifth;

Piṇḍola, Sāriputta too, Sundarī is the eighth;

Upasena Vaṅgantaputta, and Sāriputta are the ten.

5. Soṇavaggo – Section on Soṇa

5.1 (41) Piyatarasuttaṃ – Dearer Sutta [79]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena rājā pasenadi kosalo mallikāya deviyā saddhiṃ uparipāsādavaragato hoti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavoca – “atthi nu kho te, mallike, kocañño attanā piyataro”ti?

“Natthi kho me, mahārāja, kocañño attanā piyataro. Tuyhaṃ pana, mahārāja, atthañño koci attanā piyataro”ti? “Mayhampi kho, mallike, natthañño koci attanā piyataro”ti.

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo pāsādā orohitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

“Idhāhaṃ, bhante, mallikāya deviyā saddhiṃ uparipāsādavaragato mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘atthi nu kho te, mallike, kocañño attanā piyataro’ti? Evaṃ vutte, mallikā devī maṃ etadavoca – ‘natthi kho me, mahārāja, kocañño attanā piyataro. Tuyhaṃ pana, mahārāja, atthañño koci attanā piyataro’ti? Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhante, mallikaṃ deviṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘mayhampi kho, mallike, natthañño koci attanā piyataro’”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V53 “Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā,

Nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci;

Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ,

Tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo”ti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, King Pasenadi Kosala had gone to the top floor of the palace together with Queen Mallikā. Then the King Pasenadi Kosala addressed Queen Mallikā thus – “Is there anyone dearer to you than yourself, Mallikā”?

“There is no one dearer to me than myself, Great King. Is there anyone dearer to you than yourself, Great King”? “I too, Mallikā, have no one dearer to me than myself”.

Then the King Pasenadi Kosala, having descended from the palace, approached where the Blessed One was, having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side King Pasenadi Kosala addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Here Venerable Sir, having gone to the top floor of the palace together with Queen Mallikā, I addressed Queen Mallikā thus – ‘Is there anyone dearer to you than yourself, Mallikā’? Spoken to thus, Queen Mallikā addressed me thus – ‘There is no one dearer to me than myself, Great King. Is there anyone dearer to you than yourself, Great King’? Spoken to thus, I addressed Queen Mallikā thus – ‘I too, Mallikā, have no one dearer to me than myself’ ”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T53 “Having scanned all directions mentally,

One doesn’t find anyone dearer than oneself;

Thus are others dear to themselves, so that man,

Shouldn’t do any violence to others, one who loves himself the highest”. First.

5.2 (42) Appāyukasuttaṃ – Short Lifespan Sutta [80]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā [paṭisallāṇā (sī.)] vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva appāyukā hi, bhante, bhagavato mātā ahosi, sattāhajāte bhagavati bhagavato mātā kālamakāsi, tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapajjī”ti.

“Evametaṃ, ānanda [evametaṃ ānanda evametaṃ ānanda (syā.)], appāyukā hi, ānanda, bodhisattamātaro honti. Sattāhajātesu bodhisattesu bodhisattamātaro kālaṃ karonti, tusitaṃ kāyaṃ upapajjantī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V54 “Ye keci bhūtā bhavissanti ye vāpi,

Sabbe gamissanti pahāya dehaṃ;

Taṃ sabbajāniṃ kusalo viditvā,

Ātāpiyo brahmacariyaṃ careyyā”ti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Venerable Ānanda, having emerged from the solitude approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Ānanda addressed the Blessed One thus – “Marvelous it is, Venerable Sir, unparalleled it is, Venerable Sir! Venerable Sir, Blessed One’s mother was short-lived, seven days after the birth of the Blessed One, Blessed One’s mother did the time [died], arising in the Tusita-body [heaven]”. [81]

“That is so Ānanda, short-lived are the mothers of the Bodhisatta. Seven days after the birth of the Bodhisatta, Bodhisattās’ mothers do the time [die], arising in the Tusita-body [heaven]”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T54 “Whoever has become or will become,

All will go abandoning the body;

Knowing all should be abandoned, the skillful one,

Should ardently fare the holy-life”. Second.

5.3 (43) Suppabuddhakuṭṭhisuttaṃ – Suppabuddha the Leper Sutta [82]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe suppabuddho nāma kuṭṭhī ahosi – manussadaliddo, manussakapaṇo, manussavarāko. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desento nisinno hoti.

Addasā kho suppabuddho kuṭṭhī taṃ mahājanakāyaṃ dūratova sannipatitaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – “nissaṃsayaṃ kho ettha kiñci khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā bhājīyati [bhājīyissati (sī.)]. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yena so mahājanakāyo tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ. Appeva nāmettha kiñci khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā labheyya”nti.

Atha kho suppabuddho kuṭṭhī yena so mahājanakāyo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho suppabuddho kuṭṭhī bhagavantaṃ mahatiyā parisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – “na kho ettha kiñci khādanīyaṃ vā bhojanīyaṃ vā bhājīyati. Samaṇo ayaṃ gotamo parisati dhammaṃ deseti. Yaṃnūnāhampi dhammaṃ suṇeyya”nti. Tattheva ekamantaṃ nisīdi – “ahampi dhammaṃ sossāmī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā sabbāvantaṃ parisaṃ cetasā ceto paricca manasākāsi “ko nu kho idha bhabbo dhammaṃ viññātu”nti? Addasā kho bhagavā suppabuddhaṃ kuṭṭhiṃ tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – “ayaṃ kho idha bhabbo dhammaṃ viññātu”nti. Suppabuddhaṃ kuṭṭhiṃ ārabbha ānupubbiṃ kathaṃ [ānupubbikathaṃ (sī.), anupubbikathaṃ (syā. pī. ka.)] kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ; kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṅkilesaṃ; nekkhamme [nekkhamme ca (sī. syā. pī.)] ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi suppabuddhaṃ kuṭṭhiṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinīvaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā taṃ pakāsesi – dukkhaṃ, samudayaṃ, nirodhaṃ, maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, evameva suppabuddhassa kuṭṭhissa tasmiṃyeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – “yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma”nti.

Atha kho suppabuddho kuṭṭhī diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthu sāsane uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho suppabuddho kuṭṭhī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

“Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkataṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata”nti.

Atha kho suppabuddho kuṭṭhī bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho acirapakkantaṃ suppabuddhaṃ kuṭṭhiṃ gāvī taruṇavacchā adhipatitvā jīvitā voropesi.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “yo so, bhante, suppabuddho nāma kuṭṭhī bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito, so kālaṅkato. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo”ti?

“Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, suppabuddho kuṭṭhī; paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ; na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vihesesi. Suppabuddho, bhikkhave, kuṭṭhī tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena suppabuddho kuṭṭhī ahosi – manussadaliddo, manussakapaṇo, manussavarāko”ti?

“Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, suppabuddho kuṭṭhī imasmiṃyeva rājagahe seṭṭhiputto ahosi. So uyyānabhūmiṃ niyyanto addasa tagarasikhiṃ [taggarasikhiṃ (ka.)] paccekabuddhaṃ nagaraṃ piṇḍāya pavisantaṃ. Disvānassa etadahosi – ‘kvāyaṃ kuṭṭhī kuṭṭhicīvarena vicaratī’ti? Niṭṭhubhitvā apasabyato [apabyāmato (syā. saṃ. ni. 1.255)] karitvā pakkāmi. So tassa kammassa vipākena bahūni vassasatāni bahūni vassasahassāni bahūni vassasatasahassāni niraye paccittha. Tasseva kammassa vipākāvasesena imasmiṃyeva rājagahe kuṭṭhī ahosi manussadaliddo, manussakapaṇo, manussavarāko. So tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ āgamma saddhaṃ samādiyi sīlaṃ samādiyi sutaṃ samādiyi cāgaṃ samādiyi paññaṃ samādiyi. So tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ āgamma saddhaṃ samādiyitvā sīlaṃ samādiyitvā sutaṃ samādiyitvā cāgaṃ samādiyitvā paññaṃ samādiyitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapanno devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ. So tattha aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā cā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V55 “Cakkhumā visamānīva, vijjamāne parakkame;

Paṇḍito jīvalokasmiṃ, pāpāni parivajjaye”ti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time, there was a leper named Suppabuddha in Rājagaha – a poor man, a miserable man, a wretched man. At that time the Blessed One was sitting and preaching the Dhamma, accompanied by a large assembly.

Suppabuddha the leper saw that great assembly and gathering of people from far. Having seen it occurred to him – “Doubtlessly, there is a distribution of eatables and chewables here. Why don’t I approach where the great assembly is? Indeed, even if little, I might gain some eatables and chewables”.

Then Suppabuddha the leper approached where that great assembly was. Suppabuddha the leper saw the Blessed One sitting and preaching the Dhamma, surrounded by a large assembly. Having seen it occurred to him – “Indeed, there is no distribution of eatables and chewables here. Renunciate Gotama is preaching the Dhamma, surrounded by the assembly. Why don’t I hear the Dhamma”? Then he sat down on one side [with the thought] – ”I too will hear the Dhamma”.

Then the Blessed One, completely understood the minds of the entire assembly with the thinking – “Who here is capable of understanding the Dhamma”? Then the Blessed One saw Suppabuddha the leper sitting in that assembly. Having seen it occurred to him – “This one here is capable of understanding the Dhamma”. In connection with Suppabuddha the leper he talked the gradual talk, namely this – talk on giving, talk on virtues, talk on heavens; the danger, lowliness, and defiling nature of the sensual pleasures; explained the benefit of renunciation. When the Blessed One knew that the mind of Suppabuddha the leper was amenable, soft, unhindered, lofty and glad; then he explained the Dhamma preaching of the Buddhā on full-freedom – suffering, arising of suffering, cessation of suffering, and the path leading to cessation of suffering. Just as if a stainless, clean cloth completely absorbs the dye, like that sitting on that seat, unsoiled Dhamma eyes arose in Suppabuddha the leper – “What ever is subject to arising, all that is subject to cessation”. [83]

Then Suppabuddha the leper – having seen the Dhamma, reached the Dhamma, known the Dhamma, dived into the Dhamma, crossed-over doubt, departed uncertainty, reached fearlessness, became independent of others in the Teacher’s Teaching – rising up from the seat, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Suppabuddha the leper addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Excellent, Venerable Sir, excellent, Venerable Sir! Venerable Sir, just as if setting upright what was upside down, uncovering what was covered, like telling the path to a deluded one, like bearing an oil-lamp in the darkness – [so] one with eyes can see the forms; like that the Blessed One has explained the Dhamma in many ways. Venerable Sir, I take refuge in the Blessed One, in the Dhamma, and in the Bhikkhu Saṅgha too. May the Blessed One consider me a lay devotee henceforth, having gone for refuge until I live”.

Then Suppabuddha the leper, having been instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by the Blessed One with a Dhamma talk; pleased with and rejoicing in what the Blessed One had said; rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, left. Then not long after he had left, Suppabuddha the leper was trampled and deprived of life by a cow with a new-born calf.

Then many bhikkhus approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the leper named Suppabuddha who was instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by the Blessed One with a Dhamma talk, has done the time [died]. What is his destination, what is his here-after”?

“Bhikkhus, Suppabuddha the leper was wise; he entered the Dhamma in fullness; he did not harass me with Dhamma questions. Bhikkhus, with the complete ending of the three fetters Suppabuddha the leper became a stream-enterer, not going down to bad destination, assuredly destined for full enlightenment”. [84]

When he said that, some bhikkhu addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, what was the reason because of which Suppabuddha was a leper – a poor man, a miserable man, a wretched man”?

“Bhikkhus, in the past Suppabuddha the leper was the son of a business tycoon in this Rājagaha. While being taken to the garden he saw Tagarasikhi the Private Buddha entering the city for alms-round. Having seen it occurred to him – ‘Who is this leper faring in leper-clothes’? Having spit insultingly he left. Because of that kammā result, for many hundreds of years, many thousands of years, many hundreds of thousands of years, he was cooked in the hell. By the remainder of that kammā result, he was [born as] a leper in this Rājagaha – a poor man, a miserable man, a wretched man. Having come to the Dhamma-Vinaya spoken by the Tathāgata, he undertook confidence, virtues, hearing [the true Dhamma], munificence, and wisdom. Having come to the Dhamma-Vinaya spoken by the Tathāgata, and having undertaken confidence, virtues, hearing [the true Dhamma], munificence, and wisdom; with the breakup of body, after death, he has arisen in a good destination, the heaven world, in the companionship of the Tāvatiṃsā devā. There he outshines other devā in beauty as well as reputation”. [85]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T55 “[Like] One with eyes, exerts [to avoid] the dangers seen;

[Thus] The wise one in the mortal-world, should completely forsake the evil”. Third.

5.4 (44) Kumārakasuttaṃ – Young Boys Sutta [86]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā kumārakā antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavanaṃ macchake bādhenti.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā te sambahule kumārake antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavanaṃ macchake bādhente. Disvāna yena te kumārakā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te kumārake etadavoca – “bhāyatha vo, tumhe kumārakā, dukkhassa, appiyaṃ vo dukkha”nti? “Evaṃ, bhante, bhāyāma mayaṃ, bhante, dukkhassa, appiyaṃ no dukkha”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V56 “Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ;

Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho.

V57 “Sace ca pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, karissatha karotha vā;

Na vo dukkhā pamutyatthi, upeccapi [upaccapi (ka.), uppaccapi (?), uppatitvāpi iti attho] palāyata”nti. catutthaṃ;

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Sāvatthi for the alms-round. The Blessed One saw those many young boys between Sāvatthi and Jeta’s Forest catching fishes. Having seen he approached where the young boys were; having approached he addressed those young boys thus – “Young boys, are you afraid of suffering; is suffering not dear to you”? “That is so, Venerable Sir; we are afraid of suffering, suffering is not dear to us”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T56 “If you fear suffering, if suffering is not dear to you;

Don’t do evil kamma, publicly or privately.

T57 “If evil kamma, you will do or are doing now;

You will not be freed from suffering, whether arriving or escaping”. Fourth.

5.5 (45) Uposathasuttaṃ – Uposatha Sutta [87]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā tadahuposathe bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno hoti.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante paṭhame yāme, uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ [cīvaraṃ (sabbattha)] karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto paṭhamo yāmo; ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho; uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkha”nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.

Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante majjhime yāme, uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto majjhimo yāmo; ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho; uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkha”nti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā tuṇhī ahosi.

Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando abhikkantāya rattiyā, nikkhante pacchime yāme, uddhaste aruṇe, nandimukhiyā rattiyā uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “abhikkantā, bhante, ratti; nikkhanto pacchimo yāmo; uddhasto aruṇo; nandimukhī ratti; ciranisinno bhikkhusaṅgho; uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkha”nti. “Aparisuddhā, ānanda, parisā”ti.

Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – “kaṃ nu kho bhagavā puggalaṃ sandhāya evamāha – ‘aparisuddhā, ānanda, parisā’ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno sabbāvantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ cetasā ceto paricca manasākāsi. Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ puggalaṃ dussīlaṃ pāpadhammaṃ asuciṃ saṅkassarasamācāraṃ paṭicchannakammantaṃ asamaṇaṃ samaṇapaṭiññaṃ abrahmacāriṃ brahmacāripaṭiññaṃ antopūtiṃ avassutaṃ kasambujātaṃ majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnaṃ. Disvāna uṭṭhāyāsanā yena so puggalo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ puggalaṃ etadavoca – “uṭṭhehi, āvuso, diṭṭhosi bhagavatā; natthi te bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvāso”ti. Evaṃ vutte [atha kho (sabbattha), cūḷava. 383; a. ni. 8.20 passitabbaṃ], so puggalo tuṇhī ahosi.

Dutiyampi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ puggalaṃ etadavoca – “uṭṭhehi, āvuso, diṭṭhosi bhagavatā; natthi te bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvāso”ti. Dutiyampi kho ... pe ... tatiyampi kho so puggalo tuṇhī ahosi.

Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ puggalaṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā bahidvārakoṭṭhakā nikkhāmetvā sūcighaṭikaṃ datvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “nikkhāmito, bhante, so puggalo mayā. Parisuddhā parisā. Uddisatu, bhante, bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkha”nti. “Acchariyaṃ, moggallāna, abbhutaṃ, moggallāna! Yāva bāhāgahaṇāpi nāma so moghapuriso āgamessatī”ti!

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – “na dānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ito paraṃ [na dānāhaṃ bhikkhave ajjatagge (a. ni. 8.20)] uposathaṃ karissāmi, pātimokkhaṃ uddisissāmi. Tumheva dāni, bhikkhave, ito paraṃ uposathaṃ kareyyātha, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyātha. Aṭṭhānametaṃ, bhikkhave, anavakāso yaṃ tathāgato aparisuddhāya parisāya uposathaṃ kareyya, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyya.

“Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Katame aṭṭha?

“Mahāsamuddo, bhikkhave, anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro, na āyatakeneva papāto. Yampi [yaṃ (sī. syā. ka.)], bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro na āyatakeneva papāto; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātivattati. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātivattati; ayaṃ, bhikkhave [ayampi (sabbattha)], mahāsamudde dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo na matena kuṇapena saṃvasati. Yaṃ hoti mahāsamudde mataṃ kuṇapaṃ taṃ khippameva [khippaññeva (sī.), khippaṃyeva (ka.)] tīraṃ vāheti, thalaṃ ussāreti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo na matena kuṇapena saṃvasati, yaṃ hoti mahāsamudde mataṃ kuṇapaṃ taṃ khippameva tīraṃ vāheti thalaṃ ussāreti; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yā kāci mahānadiyo, seyyathidaṃ – gaṅgā yamunā aciravatī sarabhū mahī, tā mahāsamuddaṃ patvā [pattā (syā. pī. ka.)] jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni; ‘mahāsamuddo’tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti. Yampi, bhikkhave, yā kāci mahānadiyo, seyyathidaṃ – gaṅgā yamunā aciravatī sarabhū mahī tā mahāsamuddaṃ patvā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, ‘mahāsamuddo’tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yā ca loke savantiyo mahāsamuddaṃ appenti, yā ca antalikkhā dhārā papatanti, na tena mahāsamuddassa ūnattaṃ vā pūrattaṃ vā paññāyati. Yampi, bhikkhave, yā ca loke savantiyo mahāsamuddaṃ appenti, yā ca antalikkhā dhārā papatanti, na tena mahāsammuddassa ūnattaṃ vā pūrattaṃ vā paññāyati; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde pañcamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ekaraso loṇaraso. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ekaraso loṇaraso; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde chaṭṭho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo bahuratano anekaratano. Tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṃ – muttā maṇi veḷuriyo saṅkho silā pavāḷaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ lohitaṅgo masāragallaṃ. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo bahuratano anekaratano, tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṃ – muttā maṇi veḷuriyo saṅkho silā pavāḷaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ lohitaṅgo [lohitaṅko (sī. pī.), lohitako (?)] masāragallaṃ; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde sattamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo mahataṃ bhūtānaṃ āvāso. Tatrime bhūtā – timi timiṅgalo timitimiṅgalo [timi timiṅgalo timirapiṅgalo (sī. pī., a. ni. 8.19)] asurā nāgā gandhabbā. Santi mahāsamudde yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, dviyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, tiyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, catuyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā, pañcayojanasatikāpi attabhāvā. Yampi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo mahataṃ bhūtānaṃ āvāso, tatrime bhūtā – timi timiṅgalo timitimiṅgalo asurā nāgā gandhabbā, santi mahāsamudde yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā dviyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā ... pe ... pañcayojanasatikāpi attabhāvā; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, mahāsamudde aṭṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha mahāsamudde acchariyā abbhutā dhammā ye disvā disvā asurā mahāsamudde abhiramanti.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Katame aṭṭha?

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo anupubbaninno anupubbapoṇo anupubbapabbhāro, na āyatakeneva papāto; evameva kho, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā, na āyatakeneva aññāpaṭivedho. Yampi, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye anupubbasikkhā anupubbakiriyā anupubbapaṭipadā, na āyatakeneva aññāpaṭivedho; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ṭhitadhammo velaṃ nātivattati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamanti. Yampi, bhikkhave, mayā sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ taṃ mama sāvakā jīvitahetupi nātikkamanti; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo na matena kuṇapena saṃvasati; yaṃ hoti mahāsamudde mataṃ kuṇapaṃ taṃ khippameva tīraṃ vāheti, thalaṃ ussāreti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yo so puggalo dussīlo pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto, na tena saṅgho saṃvasati; atha kho naṃ khippameva sannipatitvā ukkhipati. Kiñcāpi so hoti majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinno, atha kho so ārakāva saṅghamhā, saṅgho ca tena. Yampi, bhikkhave, yo so puggalo dussīlo pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto, na tena saṅgho saṃvasati; khippameva naṃ sannipatitvā ukkhipati. Kiñcāpi so hoti majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinno, atha kho so ārakāva saṅghamhā, saṅgho ca tena; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā kāci mahānadiyo, seyyathidaṃ – gaṅgā yamunā aciravatī sarabhū mahī tā mahāsamuddaṃ patvā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, ‘mahāsamuddo’tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, cattāro vaṇṇā – khattiyā, brāhmaṇā, vessā, suddā te tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā [pabbajitā (ka. sī.)] jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, ‘samaṇā sakyaputtiyā’tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti. Yampi, bhikkhave, cattāro vaṇṇā – khattiyā, brāhmaṇā, vessā, suddā te tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitvā jahanti purimāni nāmagottāni, ‘samaṇā sakyaputtiyā’tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchanti; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā ca loke savantiyo mahāsamuddaṃ appenti, yā ca antalikkhā dhārā papatanti, na tena mahāsamuddassa ūnattaṃ vā pūrattaṃ vā paññāyati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bahū cepi bhikkhū anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyanti, na tena nibbānadhātuyā ūnattaṃ vā pūrattaṃ vā paññāyati. Yampi, bhikkhave, bahū cepi bhikkhū anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyanti, na tena nibbānadhātuyā ūnattaṃ vā pūrattaṃ vā paññāyati; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye pañcamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo ekaraso loṇaraso; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ayaṃ dhammavinayo ekaraso vimuttiraso. Yampi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ dhammavinayo ekaraso vimuttiraso; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye chaṭṭho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo bahuratano anekaratano, tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṃ – muttā maṇi veḷuriyo saṅkho silā pavāḷaṃ rajataṃ jātarūpaṃ lohitaṅgo masāragallaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ayaṃ dhammavinayo bahuratano anekaratano; tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Yampi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ dhammavinayo bahuratano anekaratano, tatrimāni ratanāni, seyyathidaṃ – cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro iddhipādā, pañcindriyāni, pañca balāni, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye sattamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti.

“Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahāsamuddo mahataṃ bhūtānaṃ āvāso, tatrime bhūtā – timi timiṅgalo timitimiṅgalo asurā nāgā gandhabbā, santi mahāsamudde yojanasatikāpi attabhāvā dviyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā tiyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā catuyojanasatikāpi attabhāvā pañcayojanasatikāpi attabhāvā; evameva kho, bhikkhave, ayaṃ dhammavinayo mahataṃ bhūtānaṃ āvāso; tatrime bhūtā – sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, sakadāgāmi, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, anāgāmī, anāgāmīphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno [arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya (sī.)]. Yampi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ dhammavinayo mahataṃ bhūtānaṃ āvāso, tatrime bhūtā – sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno, arahā, arahattāya paṭipanno; ayaṃ, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye aṭṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, yaṃ disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramanti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye aṭṭha acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, ye disvā disvā bhikkhū imasmiṃ dhammavinaye abhiramantī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V58 “Channamativassati, vivaṭaṃ nātivassati;

Tasmā channaṃ vivaretha, evaṃ taṃ nātivassatī”ti. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Eastern Monastery, Migāra’s-Mother’s Mansion. At that time, the Blessed One was sitting accompanied by the Bhikkhu Saṅgha on that Uposatha day.

Then Venerable Ānanda, when the night had advanced, at the end of the first watch, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, bowing where the Blessed One was, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the night has advanced; the first watch has ended; the Bhikkhu Saṅgha has been sitting for a long time; Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One recite the Pātimokkha to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. Spoken to thus, the Blessed One was silent.

Second time too, Venerable Ānanda, when the night had advanced, at the end of the middle watch, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, bowing where the Blessed One was, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the night has advanced; the middle watch has ended; the Bhikkhu Saṅgha has been sitting for a long time; Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One recite the Pātimokkha to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. Spoken to thus, the Blessed One was silent.

Third time too, Venerable Ānanda, when the night had advanced, at the end of the last watch, while the sun was rising, at the dawn time, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, bowing where the Blessed One was, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, the night has advanced; the last watch has ended; sun is rising; it’s dawn time; the Bhikkhu Saṅgha has been sitting for a long time; Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One recite the Pātimokkha to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. “Unclean is this assembly, Ānanda“. [88]

Then is occurred to Venerable Mahāmoggallāna thus – “In relation to which person the Blessed One said thus – ‘Unclean is this assembly, Ānanda’ “? Then the Venerable Mahāmoggallāna completely understood the minds of the entire Bhikkhu Saṅgha. Venerable Mahāmoggallāna saw that person, an unvirtuous evil-doer, impure, of dubious conduct, coverer of bad deeds, a non-renunciate, a false renunciate, a non-farer of holy-life pretending to be a farer of holy-life, internally foul, lustful, trash-born, sitting in the middle of the Bhikkhu Saṅgha. Having seen [him], rising up from the seat, he approached where that person was; having approached he addressed that person thus – “Get up friend, you have been seen by the Blessed One; there is no residing for you with the bhikkhus”. Spoken to thus, that person was silent.

Second time too Venerable Mahāmoggallāna addressed that person thus – “Get up friend, you have been seen by the Blessed One; there is no residing for you with the bhikkhus”. Second time too ... same ... Third time too spoken to thus, that person was silent.

Then Venerable Mahāmoggallāna holding that person by arm, having expelled him outside the gateway, having put on the bolt bar, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached he addressed the Blessed One thus – “I have expelled that person, Venerable Sir. The assembly is clean. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One recite the Pātimokkha to the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. “Marvelous, Moggallāna, unparalleled, Moggallāna! Indeed, until you grabbed him by the arm, that foolish person waited”!

Then the Blessed One invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus, here onwards I will not do the Uposatha [with you], nor will I recite the Pātimokkha [to you]. Bhikkhus, here onwards you yourself should do the Uposatha, you yourself should recite the Pātimokkha. Bhikkhus, impossible it is, unpermitted it is, for the Tathāgata to do the Uposatha, to recite the Pātimokkha, in an unclean assembly.

“Bhikkhus, these eight marvelous and unparalleled phenomena are found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean. What eight?

(1) “Bhikkhus, the ocean drops gradually, deepens gradually, slopes gradually, it does not fall down abruptly. This too, bhikkhus, that the ocean drops gradually, deepens gradually, slopes gradually, does not fall down abruptly; this bhikkhus is the first marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(2) “Again bhikkhus, the ocean is of standing nature, it does not transgress its limit. This too, bhikkhus, that the ocean is of standing nature, it does not transgress its limit; this bhikkhus is the second marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(3) “Again bhikkhus, the ocean does not tolerate dead corpse. When there is a dead corpse in the ocean it quickly carries it to the shore, throws it up on the high ground. This too, bhikkhus, that the ocean does not tolerate dead corpse, when there is a dead corpse in the ocean it quickly carries it to the shore, throws it up on the high ground; this bhikkhus is the third marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(4) “Again bhikkhus, whatever great rivers are there, namely – Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Aciravatī, Sarabhū, Mahī; having reached the ocean abandon their previous names and designations, ‘ocean’ is how they are known. This too, bhikkhus, that whatever great rivers are there, namely – Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Aciravatī, Sarabhū, Mahī; having reached the ocean abandon their previous names and designations, ‘ocean’ is how they are known; this bhikkhus is the fourth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(5) “Again bhikkhus, whatever flows are tributaries to the ocean, whatever is falling down from the sky, the ocean is not seen to be deficient or overflowing because of that. This too, bhikkhus, that whatever flows are tributaries to the ocean, whatever is falling down from the sky, the ocean is not seen to be deficient or overflowing because of that; this bhikkhus is the fifth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(6) “Again bhikkhus, the ocean is of one taste, the taste of salt. This too, bhikkhus, that the ocean is of one taste, the taste of salt; this bhikkhus is the sixth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(7) “Again bhikkhus, the ocean has many jewels, countless jewels. There are these jewels, namely – pearls, gemstones, lapis lazuli, shells, quartz, coral, silver, gold, ruby, cat’s eye. This too, bhikkhus, that the ocean has many jewels, countless jewels; there are these jewels, namely – pearls, gemstones, lapis lazuli, shells, quartz, coral, silver, gold, ruby, cat’s eye; this bhikkhus is the seventh marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean.

(8) “Again bhikkhus, the ocean is an abode of great beings. There are these – timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, Asurā, Nāgā, Gandhabbā. In the ocean there are beings having a body of one hundred yojanā, of two hundred yojanā, of three hundred yojanā, of four hundred yojanā, of five hundred yojanā. This too, bhikkhus, that the ocean is an abode of great beings; there are these – timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, Asurā, Nāgā, Gandhabbā; in the ocean there are beings having a body of one hundred yojanā, of two hundred yojanā, of three hundred yojanā, of four hundred yojanā, of five hundred yojanā; this bhikkhus is the eighth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean. Bhikkhus, these are the eight marvelous and unparalleled phenomena found in the ocean, having seen which Asurā delight in the ocean. [89]

“Just like that bhikkhus, there are eight marvelous and unparalleled phenomena found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya. What eight?

(1) “Just as bhikkhus, the ocean drops gradually, deepens gradually, slopes gradually, it does not fall down abruptly; just like that in this Dhamma-Vinaya there is gradual training, gradual deeds, gradual practice, one does not penetrate to knowledge abruptly. This too, bhikkhus, that in this Dhamma-Vinaya there is gradual training, gradual deeds, gradual practice, one does not penetrate to knowledge abruptly; this bhikkhus is the first marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya. [90]

(2) “Just as bhikkhus, the ocean is of standing nature, it does not transgress its limit; just like that bhikkhus, when my disciples are given the training rules, they do not transgress it even for the sake of their lives. This too, bhikkhus, that when my disciples are given the training rules, they do not transgress it even for the sake of their lives; this bhikkhus is the second marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya.

(3) “Just as bhikkhus, the ocean does not tolerate dead corpse, when there is a dead corpse in the ocean it quickly carries it to the shore, throws it up on the high ground; just like that bhikkhus, whoever person is an unvirtuous evil-doer, impure, of dubious conduct, coverer of bad deeds, a non-renunciate, a false renunciate, a non-farer of holy-life pretending to be a farer of the holy-life, internally foul, lustful, trash-born, the Saṅgha does not tolerate him; having gathered they quickly eject him. Whenever he is sitting in the middle of the Saṅgha, he is remote from the Saṅgha, and the Saṅgha from him. This too, bhikkhus, that whoever person is an unvirtuous evil-doer, impure, of dubious conduct, coverer of bad deeds, a non-renunciate, a false renunciate, a non-farer of holy-life pretending to be a farer of the holy-life, internally foul, lustful, trash-born, the Saṅgha does not tolerate him; having gathered they quickly eject him. Whenever he is sitting in the middle of the Saṅgha, he is remote from the Saṅgha, and the Saṅgha from him; this bhikkhus is the third marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya.

(4) “Just as bhikkhus, whatever great rivers are there, namely – Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Aciravatī, Sarabhū, Mahī having reached the ocean abandon their previous names and designations, ‘ocean’ is how they are known; just like that bhikkhus, when the four classes – khattiyā, brāhmaṇā, vessā, suddā go forth from home to homelessness in the Dhamma spoken by the Tathāgata; they abandon their previous names and clans, ‘Renunciates following Son of Sakya’ is how they are known. This too, bhikkhus, that when the four classes – khattiyā, brāhmaṇā, vessā, suddā go forth from home to homelessness in the Dhamma spoken by the Tathāgata; they abandon their previous names and clans, ‘Renunciates following Son of Sakya’ is how they are known; this bhikkhus is the fourth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya. [91]

(5) “Just as bhikkhus, whatever flows are tributaries to the ocean, whatever is falling down from the sky, the ocean is not seen to be deficient or overflowing because of that; just like that bhikkhus, many bhikkhus here attain complete Nibbāna without remainder in the Nibbāna sphere, the Nibbāna sphere is not seen to be deficient or overflowing because of that. This too, bhikkhus, that when many bhikkhus here attain complete Nibbāna without remainder in the Nibbāna sphere, the Nibbāna sphere is not seen to be deficient or overflowing because of that; this bhikkhus is the fifth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya.

(6) “Just as bhikkhus, the ocean is of one taste, the taste of salt; just like that bhikkhus, this Dhamma-Vinaya is of one taste, the taste of freedom. This too, bhikkhus, that this Dhamma-Vinaya is of one taste, the taste of freedom; this bhikkhus is the sixth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya.

(7) “Just as bhikkhus, the ocean has many jewels, countless jewels, there are these jewels, namely – pearls, gemstone, lapis lazuli, shells, quartz, coral, silver, gold, ruby, cat’s eye; just like that bhikkhus, this Dhamma-Vinaya has many jewels, countless jewels; there are these jewels, namely – four foundations of mindfulness, four right strivings, four bases of spiritual power, five faculties, five powers, seven factors of enlightenment, Noble Eightfold Path. This too, bhikkhus, that this Dhamma-Vinaya has many jewels, countless jewels; there are these jewels, namely – four foundations of mindfulness, four right strivings, four bases for spiritual power, five faculties, five powers, seven factors of enlightenment, Noble Eightfold Path; this bhikkhus is the seventh marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya. [92]

(8) “Just as bhikkhus, the ocean is an abode of great beings. There are these – timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, Asurā, Nāgā, Gandhabbā, in the ocean there are beings having a body of one hundred yojanā, of two hundred yojanā, of three hundred yojanā, of four hundred yojanā, of five hundred yojanā; just like that bhikkhus, this Dhamma-Vinaya is an abode of great beings; in this Dhamma-Vinaya there are – stream-enterer, one walking on the stream-entry realization path, once-returner, one walking on the once-returnership realization path, non-returner, one walking on the non-returnership realization path, Arahant, one walking on the Arahantship realization path. This too, bhikkhus, that this Dhamma-Vinaya is an abode of great beings; in this Dhamma-Vinaya there are – stream-enterer, one walking on the stream-entry realization path, once-returner, one walking on the once-returnership realization path, non-returner, one walking on the non-returnership realization path, Arahant, one walking on the Arahantship realization path; this bhikkhus is the eighth marvelous and unparalleled phenomenon found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya. Bhikkhus, these are the eight marvelous and unparalleled phenomena found in this Dhamma-Vinaya, having seen which bhikkhus delight in this Dhamma-Vinaya”. [93]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T58 “It rains hard on the covered, it doesn’t rain hard on the uncovered;

Therefore uncover what is covered, then it won’t rain hard”. Fifth.

5.6 (46) Soṇasuttaṃ – Soṇa (Golden Millionaire) Sutta [94]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākaccāno avantīsu viharati kuraraghare [kururaghare (syā. mahāva. 257), kulaghare (ka.)] pavatte pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena soṇo upāsako kuṭikaṇṇo āyasmato mahākaccānassa upaṭṭhāko hoti.

Atha kho soṇassa upāsakassa kuṭikaṇṇassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “yathā yathā kho ayyo mahākaccāno dhammaṃ deseti nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya”nti.

Atha kho soṇo upāsako kuṭikaṇṇo yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇo upāsako kuṭikaṇṇo āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca –

“Idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘yathā yathā kho ayyo mahākaccāno dhammaṃ deseti nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. Pabbājetu maṃ, bhante, ayyo mahākaccāno”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahākaccāno soṇaṃ upāsakaṃ kuṭikaṇṇaṃ etadavoca – “dukkaraṃ kho, soṇa, yāvajīvaṃ ekabhattaṃ ekaseyyaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Iṅgha tvaṃ, soṇa, tattheva āgārikabhūto samāno buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ anuyuñja kālayuttaṃ ekabhattaṃ ekaseyyaṃ brahmacariya”nti. Atha kho soṇassa upāsakassa kuṭikaṇṇassa yo ahosi pabbajjābhisaṅkhāro so paṭipassambhi.

Dutiyampi kho ... pe ... dutiyampi kho āyasmā mahākaccāno soṇaṃ upāsakaṃ kuṭikaṇṇaṃ etadavoca – “dukkaraṃ kho, soṇa, yāvajīvaṃ ekabhattaṃ ekaseyyaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Iṅgha tvaṃ, soṇa, tattheva āgārikabhūto samāno buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ anuyuñja kālayuttaṃ ekabhattaṃ ekaseyyaṃ brahmacariya”nti. Dutiyampi kho soṇassa upāsakassa kuṭikaṇṇassa yo ahosi pabbajjābhisaṅkhāro so paṭipassambhi.

Tatiyampi kho soṇassa upāsakassa kuṭikaṇṇassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “yathā yathā kho ayyo mahākaccāno dhammaṃ deseti nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya”nti. Tatiyampi kho soṇo upāsako kuṭikaṇṇo yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇo upāsako kuṭikaṇṇo āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca –

Atha kho āyasmā mahākaccāno soṇaṃ upāsakaṃ kuṭikaṇṇaṃ pabbājesi. Tena kho pana samayena avantidakkhiṇāpatho [avanti dakkhiṇapatho (sī.)] appabhikkhuko hoti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākaccāno tiṇṇaṃ vassānaṃ accayena kicchena kasirena tato tato dasavaggaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā āyasmantaṃ soṇaṃ upasampādesi.

Atha kho āyasmato soṇassa vassaṃvuṭṭhassa [vassaṃvutthassa (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – “na kho me so bhagavā sammukhā diṭṭho, api ca sutoyeva me so bhagavā – ‘īdiso ca īdiso cā’ti. Sace maṃ upajjhāyo anujāneyya, gaccheyyāhaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha”nti.

Atha kho āyasmā soṇo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā soṇo āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca –

“Idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘na kho me so bhagavā sammukhā diṭṭho, api ca sutoyeva me so bhagavā – īdiso ca īdiso cā’ti. Sace maṃ upajjhāyo anujāneyya, gaccheyyāhaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddha”nti ( ) [(gaccheyyāhaṃ bhante taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ, sace maṃ upajjhāyo anujānātīti (mahāva. 257)].

“Sādhu sādhu, soṇa; gaccha tvaṃ, soṇa, taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ [samāsambuddhanti (sabbattha)]. Dakkhissasi tvaṃ, soṇa, taṃ bhagavantaṃ pāsādikaṃ pasādanīyaṃ santindriyaṃ santamānasaṃ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ dantaṃ guttaṃ yatindriyaṃ nāgaṃ. Disvāna mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhi, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ [phāsuvihārañca (sī.)] puccha – ‘upajjhāyo me, bhante, āyasmā mahākaccāno bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ [phāsuvihārañca (sī.)] pucchatī’”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā soṇo āyasmato mahākaccānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi jetavanaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā soṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “upajjhāyo me, bhante, āyasmā mahākaccāno bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ [phāsuvihārañca (sī.)] pucchatī”ti.

“Kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kaccisi appakilamathena addhānaṃ āgato, na ca piṇḍakena kilantosī”ti? “Khamanīyaṃ bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ bhagavā, appakilamathena cāhaṃ, bhante, addhānaṃ āgato, na piṇḍakena kilantomhī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “imassānanda, āgantukassa bhikkhuno senāsanaṃ paññāpehī”ti. Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – “yassa kho maṃ bhagavā āṇāpeti – ‘imassānanda, āgantukassa bhikkhuno senāsanaṃ paññāpehī’ti, icchati bhagavā tena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekavihāre vatthuṃ, icchati bhagavā āyasmatā soṇena saddhiṃ ekavihāre vatthu”nti. Yasmiṃ vihāre bhagavā viharati, tasmiṃ vihāre āyasmato soṇassa senāsanaṃ paññāpesi.

Atha kho bhagavā bahudeva rattiṃ abbhokāse nisajjāya vītināmetvā pāde pakkhāletvā vihāraṃ pāvisi. Āyasmāpi kho soṇo bahudeva rattiṃ abbhokāse nisajjāya vītināmetvā pāde pakkhāletvā vihāraṃ pāvisi. Atha kho bhagavā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya āyasmantaṃ soṇaṃ ajjhesi – “paṭibhātu taṃ bhikkhu dhammo bhāsitu”nti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā soṇo bhagavato paṭissutvā soḷasa aṭṭhakavaggikāni sabbāneva sarena abhaṇi. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato soṇassa sarabhaññapariyosāne abbhanumodi – “sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu, suggahitāni te, bhikkhu, soḷasa aṭṭhakavaggikāni sumanasikatāni sūpadhāritāni, kalyāṇiyāsi [kalyāṇiyā ca (ka.), kalyāṇiyā cāsi (?)] vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagaḷāya atthassa viññāpaniyā. Kati vassosi tvaṃ, bhikkhū”ti? “Ekavasso ahaṃ bhagavā”ti. “Kissa pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, evaṃ ciraṃ akāsī”ti? “Ciraṃ diṭṭho [ciradiṭṭho (sī.)] me, bhante, kāmesu ādīnavo; api ca sambādho gharāvāso bahukicco bahukaraṇīyo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V59 “Disvā ādīnavaṃ loke, ñatvā dhammaṃ nirūpadhiṃ;

Ariyo na ramatī pāpe, pāpe na ramatī sucī”ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Mahākaccāna was dwelling in Avantī at Kuraraghara, Pavatta mountain. At that time, lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa was an attendant of Venerable Mahākaccāna.

Then while lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to him – “As Noble Mahākaccāna preaches the Dhamma, it is not easy here to fare completely fulfilled, completely purified, polished like a shell holy-life while living in a house as a house-holder. Why don’t I, having removed hair and beard, having put-on brown robes, ordain from home to homelessness”?

Then lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa approached where Venerable Mahākaccāna was; having approached and greeted Venerable Mahākaccāna, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa addressed Venerable Mahākaccāna thus –

“Here Venerable Sir, while I was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to me – ‘As Noble Mahākaccāna preaches the Dhamma, it is not easy here to fare completely fulfilled, completely purified, polished like a shell holy-life while living in a house as a house-holder. Why don’t I, having removed hair and beard, having put-on brown robes, ordain from home to homelessness’? Please ordain me, Venerable Noble Mahākaccāna”.

Spoken to thus, Venerable Mahākaccāna addressed lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa thus – “Soṇa, hard it is to fare the holy-life, eating one-time and sleeping one-time, until life lasts. Come Soṇa, while being a house-holder, presently be yoked to the teaching of the Buddha and fare the holy-life eating one-time and sleeping one-time”. Then lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa’s determination to ordain subsided.

Second time too ... same ... Second time too, Venerable Mahākaccāna addressed lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa thus – “Soṇa, hard it is to fare the holy-life, eating one-time and sleeping one-time, until life lasts. Come Soṇa, while being a house-holder, presently be yoked to the teaching of the Buddha and fare the holy-life eating one-time and sleeping one-time”. Second time too lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa’s determination to ordain subsided.

Third time too while lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to him – “As Noble Mahākaccāna preaches the Dhamma, it is not easy here to fare completely fulfilled, completely purified, polished like a shell, holy-life while living in a house as a house-holder. Why don’t I, having removed hair and beard, having put-on brown robes, ordain from home to homelessness”? Third time too lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa approached where Venerable Mahākaccāna was; having approached and greeted Venerable Mahākaccāna, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa addressed Venerable Mahākaccāna thus –

“Here Venerable Sir, while I was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to me – ‘As Noble Mahākaccāna preaches the Dhamma, it is not easy here to fare completely fulfilled, completely purified, polished like a shell, holy-life while living in a house as a house-holder. Why don’t I, having removed hair and beard, having put-on brown robes, ordain from home to homelessness’? Please ordain me, Venerable Noble Mahākaccāna”.

Then Venerable Mahākaccāna ordained the lay devotee Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa. At that time, in Avanti of Dakkhiṇāpatha there were few bhikkhus. Then Venerable Mahākaccāna at the end of three rain-retreats, having assembled a group of ten bhikkhus from here and there with much difficulty, with much trouble, gave higher ordination to Venerable Soṇa.

Then while Venerable Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to him – “I have not seen the Blessed One face to face, but I have heard of the Blessed One – ‘He is like this, he is like that’. If my preceptor permits, I will go to see the Blessed One, the Arahant, the rightly self-enlightened”.

Then Venerable Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa, having emerged from the solitude in the evening, approached where Venerable Mahākaccāna was; having approached and greeted Venerable Mahākaccāna, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa addressed Venerable Mahākaccāna thus –

“Here Venerable Sir, while I was secluded and in solitude, this thought occurred to me – ‘I have not seen the Blessed One face to face, but I have heard of the Blessed One – he is like this, he is like that’. If my preceptor permits, I will go to see the Blessed One, the Arahant, the rightly self-enlightened”.

“Good, good Soṇa, go Soṇa, to see the Blessed One, the Arahant, the rightly self-enlightened. Soṇa, see that Blessed One who is gracious, gladdening, with peaceful faculties and a peaceful mind, reached the best self-control and concentration, tamed, guarded, with controlled faculties, a Nāga. Having seen him, please pay homage with your head at the Blessed One’s feet in my name; ask him if he is unafflicted, unfatigued, bodily vigorous, strong, and dwelling comfortably [then say] – ‘Venerable Sir, my preceptor Venerable Mahākaccāna, pays homage with his head at the Blessed One’s feet and asks whether the Blessed One is unafflicted, unfatigued, bodily vigorous, strong, and dwelling comfortably’.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus, Venerable Soṇa pleased with and rejoicing in what Venerable Mahākaccāna said; rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated Venerable Mahākaccāna, after having tidied up the residence, taking alms-bowl and robe, left for Sāvatthi. Walking gradually he approached Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest in Sāvatthi where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side he addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, my preceptor Venerable Mahākaccāna, pays homage with his head at the Blessed One’s feet and asks whether the Blessed One is unafflicted, unfatigued, bodily vigorous, strong, and dwelling comfortably”.

“Is it, bhikkhu, bearable; are you maintaining yourself; did you do long distance unexhausted, and did you not get exhausted looking for alms-food”? “It is bearable Venerable Sir; I am maintaining myself Venerable Sir; I did the long distance unexhausted, and I did not get exhausted looking for alms-food”.

Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Prepare the residence for the newly-arrived bhikkhu, Ānanda”. Then it occurred to Venerable Ānanda – “The way Blessed One invited me – ‘Prepare the residence for the newly-arrived bhikkhu, Ānanda’, the Blessed One wishes to dwell together with that bhikkhu in the same monastic dwelling, the Blessed One wishes to dwell together with Venerable Soṇa in the same monastic dwelling”. In the monastic dwelling where the Blessed One was dwelling, that’s where he prepared the residence for Venerable Soṇa.

Then the Blessed One, after having sat most of the night under open sky, having spent the time, having washed the feet entered the monastic dwelling. Venerable Soṇa too, after having sat most of the night under open sky, having spent the time, having washed the feet entered the monastic dwelling. Then getting-up at the dawn time, Blessed One requested Venerable Soṇa – “Speak the Dhamma that occurs to you”.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus, Venerable Soṇa having heard the Blessed One, spoke all the sixteen [suttā] of the Section of Eights with right intonation. Then the Blessed One rejoiced much at the end of the recital by Venerable Soṇa – “Good, good bhikkhu, well-possessed, well-remembered, well-considered are the sixteen [suttā] of the Section of Eights bhikkhu, [you are] furnished with good talk, trustful, confident, instructed in the meaning. How many years have you been a bhikkhu”? “I have been a bhikkhu for one year, Blessed One”. “Why did you wait, bhikkhu, for long time [to become a bhikkhu]”? “I have seen the danger in sensual pleasures for a long time, Venerable Sir, but I was obstructed with dwelling at home with many duties and much to do”. [95]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T59 “Having seen danger in the world, having known the possession-less Dhamma;

Noble one doesn’t delight in evil, in evil doesn’t delight a pure one”. Sixth.

5.7 (47) Kaṅkhārevatasuttaṃ – Kaṅkhārevata (Revata the Doubter) Sutta [96]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā kaṅkhārevato bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya attano kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhiṃ paccavekkhamāno.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ kaṅkhārevataṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya attano kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhiṃ paccavekkhamānaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V60 “Yā kāci kaṅkhā idha vā huraṃ vā,

Sakavediyā vā paravediyā vā;

Ye jhāyino tā pajahanti sabbā,

Ātāpino brahmacariyaṃ carantā”ti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Kaṅkhārevata was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, contemplating crossing-over and purification of his own doubt.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Kaṅkhārevata sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, contemplating crossing-over and purification of his own doubt.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T60 “Whatever doubts are there, here and hereafter,

Whether self-felt or felt by others;

The one meditating abandons them all,

Ardently faring the holy-life”. Seventh.

5.8 (48) Saṅghabhedasuttaṃ – Division of the Saṅgha Sutta [97]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando tadahuposathe pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi.

Addasā kho devadatto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ rājagahe piṇḍāya carantaṃ. Disvāna yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – “ajjatagge dānāhaṃ, āvuso ānanda, aññatreva bhagavatā aññatra bhikkhusaṅghā uposathaṃ karissāmi saṅghakammāni cā”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā ānando rājagahe piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

“Idhāhaṃ, bhante, pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho maṃ, bhante, devadatto rājagahe piṇḍāya carantaṃ. Disvāna yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ etadavoca – ‘ajjatagge dānāhaṃ, āvuso ānanda, aññatreva bhagavatā aññatra bhikkhusaṅghā uposathaṃ karissāmi saṅghakammāni cā’ti. Ajja, bhante, devadatto saṅghaṃ bhindissati, uposathañca karissati saṅghakammāni cā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V61 “Sukaraṃ sādhunā sādhu, sādhu pāpena dukkaraṃ [sukaraṃ sādhunā sādhuṃ, sādhuṃ pāpena dukkaraṃ (ka.)];

Pāpaṃ pāpena sukaraṃ, pāpamariyehi dukkara”nti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time, Venerable Ānanda on that Uposatha day, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Rājagaha for the alms-round.

Devadatta saw Venerable Ānanda faring the alms-round in Rājagaha. Having seen he approached where the Venerable Ānanda was; having approached he addressed Venerable Ānanda thus – “Henceforth friend Ānanda, I will do the Uposatha and Saṅghā kammā separately from the Blessed One, separately from the Bhikkhu Saṅghā”. [98]

Then Venerable Ānanda, having fared the alms-round in Rājagaha, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, he approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Ānanda addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Venerable Sir, here having dressed and taking my alms-bowl and robe in the morning, I entered Rājagaha for the alms-round. Devadatta saw me faring the alms-round in Rājagaha, Venerable Sir. Having seen he approached where I was; having approached he addressed me thus – ‘Henceforth friend Ānanda, I will do the Uposatha and Saṅghā kammā separately from the Blessed One, separately from the Bhikkhu Saṅghā’. Venerable Sir, today Devadatta will break-up the Saṅghā, will do Uposatha and Saṅghā kammā too”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T61 “Good people do good well, evil people don’t do good well;

Evil people do evil well, nobles don’t do evil well”. Eighth.

5.9 (49) Sadhāyamānasuttaṃ – Reciters Sutta [99]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā māṇavakā bhagavato avidūre sadhāyamānarūpā [saddāyamānarūpā (syā. pī. aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pāṭhantaraṃ), pathāyamānarūpā (ka.), vadhāyamānarūpā (ka. sī., ka. aṭṭha.), saddhāyamānarūpā (?), saddhudhātuyā sadhudhātuyā vā siddhamidanti veditabbaṃ] atikkamanti. Addasā kho bhagavā sambahule māṇavake avidūre sadhāyamānarūpe atikkante.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V62 “Parimuṭṭhā paṇḍitābhāsā, vācāgocarabhāṇino;

Yāvicchanti mukhāyāmaṃ, yena nītā na taṃ vidū”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was walking in the Kosala [republic] together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha. At that time, not far from the Blessed One, many young people were passing reciting [Bhajans] loudly. The Blessed One saw, not far from him, many young people passing reciting [Bhajans] loudly.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T62 “Fully deluded, wise talkers, taking refuge in talking alone;

Speaking as they wish, don’t know what they are led by”. Ninth.

5.10 (50) Cūḷapanthakasuttaṃ – Cūḷapanthaka (Young Wayfarer) Sutta [100]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā cūḷapanthako [cullapanthako (sī.), cūlapanthako (pī.)] bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V63 “Ṭhitena kāyena ṭhitena cetasā,

Tiṭṭhaṃ nisinno uda vā sayāno;

Etaṃ [evaṃ (ka.)] satiṃ bhikkhu adhiṭṭhahāno,

Labhetha pubbāpariyaṃ visesaṃ;

Laddhāna pubbāpariyaṃ visesaṃ,

Adassanaṃ maccurājassa gacche”ti. dasamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Cūḷapanthaka was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having established mindfulness in forefront.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Cūḷapanthaka sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having established mindfulness in forefront.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T63 “Established in body, established in mind,

While standing, sitting or lying down;

With mindfulness established a bhikkhu,

Gains successive special [states];

Having gained successive special [states],

He becomes invisible to the King of Death”. Tenth.

Soṇavaggo [soṇatheravaggo (syā. kaṃ. ka.) mahāvaggo (aṭṭhakathāya sameti)] pañcamo niṭṭhito. – Fifth Section on Soṇa is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Piyo appāyukā kuṭṭhī, kumārakā uposatho;

Soṇo ca revato bhedo, sadhāya panthakena cāti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Dear short-lived leper, young boys uposatha;

Soṇa and Revata, division, reciters and Panthaka too.

6. Jaccandhavaggo – Section on Born-Blind

6.1 (51) Āyusaṅkhārossajjanasuttaṃ – Relinquishment of Life Formations Sutta [101]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya vesāliṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Vesāliyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “gaṇhāhi, ānanda, nisīdanaṃ. Yena cāpālaṃ [pāvālaṃ (syā.)] cetiyaṃ tenupasaṅkamissāma divāvihārāyā”ti.

“Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā nisīdanaṃ ādāya bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. Atha kho bhagavā yena cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi –

“Ramaṇīyā, ānanda, vesālī; ramaṇīyaṃ udenaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ gotamakaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ sattambaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ bahuputtaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ sārandadaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ. Yassa kassaci, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, so ākaṅkhamāno ( ) [(ānanda) (ka.)] kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā. Tathāgatassa kho, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā”ti.

Evampi kho āyasmā ānando bhagavatā oḷārike nimitte kayiramāne, oḷārike obhāse kayiramāne, nāsakkhi paṭivijjhituṃ; na bhagavantaṃ yāci – “tiṭṭhatu, bhante, bhagavā kappaṃ; tiṭṭhatu sugato kappaṃ bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna”nti, yathā taṃ mārena pariyuṭṭhitacitto. Dutiyampi kho ... pe ... tatiyampi kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi –

“Ramaṇīyā, ānanda, vesālī; ramaṇīyaṃ udenaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ gotamakaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ sattambaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ bahuputtaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ sārandadaṃ cetiyaṃ; ramaṇīyaṃ cāpālaṃ cetiyaṃ. Yassa kassaci, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, so ākaṅkhamāno kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā. Tathāgatassa kho, ānanda, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā. Ākaṅkhamāno, ānanda, tathāgato kappaṃ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṃ vā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “gaccha tvaṃ, ānanda, yassadāni kālaṃ maññasī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā avidūre aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi.

Atha kho māro pāpimā, acirapakkante āyasmante ānande, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho māro pāpimā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

“Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā; parinibbātu sugato; parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato. Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me bhikkhū na sāvakā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā [visāradā pattayogakhemā (a. ni. 8.70), visāradappattā yogakhemā (sī. pī. ka.), visāradappattā yogakhemakāmā (syā.)] bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārino, sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’ti. Etarahi kho pana, bhante [santi kho pana bhante etarahi (sī. pī. saṃ. ni. 5.822)] bhikkhū bhagavato sāvakā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārino sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā; parinibbātu sugato; parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.

“Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me bhikkhuniyo na sāvikā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’ti. Etarahi kho pana, bhante, bhikkhuniyo bhagavato sāvikā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā; parinibbātu sugato; parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.

“Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me upāsakā na sāvakā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārino sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’ti. Etarahi kho pana, bhante, upāsakā bhagavato sāvakā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārino sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā; parinibbātu sugato; parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.

“Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me upāsikā na sāvikā bhavissanti viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhissanti desessanti paññapessanti paṭṭhapessanti vivarissanti vibhajissanti uttānīkarissanti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desessantī’ti. Etarahi kho pana, bhante, upāsikā bhagavato sāvikā viyattā vinītā visāradā bahussutā dhammadharā dhammānudhammappaṭipannā sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacāriniyo sakaṃ ācariyakaṃ uggahetvā ācikkhanti desenti paññapenti paṭṭhapenti vivaranti vibhajanti uttānīkaronti uppannaṃ parappavādaṃ sahadhammena suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā sappāṭihāriyaṃ dhammaṃ desenti. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā; parinibbātu sugato; parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato.

“Bhāsitā kho panesā, bhante, bhagavatā vācā – ‘na tāvāhaṃ, pāpima, parinibbāyissāmi yāva me idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ na iddhañceva bhavissati phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsita’nti. Etarahi kho pana, bhante [tayidaṃ bhante (saṃ. ni. 5.822)], bhagavato brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsitaṃ. Parinibbātu dāni, bhante, bhagavā; parinibbātu sugato; parinibbānakālo dāni, bhante, bhagavato”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā māraṃ pāpimantaṃ etadavoca – “appossukko tvaṃ, pāpima, hohi. Na ciraṃ tathāgatassa parinibbānaṃ bhavissati. Ito tiṇṇaṃ māsānaṃ accayena tathāgato parinibbāyissatī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā cāpāle cetiye sato sampajāno āyusaṅkhāraṃ ossajji. Ossaṭṭhe ca bhagavatā āyusaṅkhāre mahābhūmicālo ahosi bhiṃsanako lomahaṃso, devadundubhiyo [devadudrabhiyo (ka.)] ca phaliṃsu.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V64 “Tulamatulañca sambhavaṃ,

Bhavasaṅkhāramavassaji muni;

Ajjhattarato samāhito,

Abhindi kavacamivattasambhava”nti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Vesālī at Kūṭāgārasālā, Great Forest. Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking his alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Vesālī for the alms-round.

Then having fared the alms-round in Vesālī, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, he invited Venerable Ānanda – “Take a seat, Ānanda. Having approached where the Cāpāla shrine is, we will do the day-abiding”.

“May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus, Venerable Ānanda having heard the Blessed One, taking a seat he closely followed the Blessed One. Then the Blessed One approached where the Cāpāla shrine was, having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Sitting there the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda –

“Vesālī is delightful, Ānanda; Udena shrine is delightful; Gotamaka shrine is delightful; Sattamba shrine is delightful; Bahuputta shrine is delightful; Sārandada shrine is delightful; Cāpāla shrine is delightful. Ānanda, whoever here has developed, made much of, mastered, is grounded in, has practiced, attended, and firmly undertaken the four bases for spiritual power, if he wishes he can stand [live] here for the eon or the remainder of the eon. Ānanda, Tathāgata has developed, made much of, mastered, is grounded in, has practiced, attended, and firmly undertaken the four bases for spiritual power. Ānanda, if Tathāgata wishes he can stand [live] here for the eon or the remainder of the eon”. [102]

Thus given such gross and visible sign by the Blessed One, Venerable Ānanda did not comprehend; did not ask the Blessed One – “Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One stand [live] for the eon; may the Well-Gone One stand [live] for the eon for the welfare of many, happiness of many, with compassion for world, for benefit, welfare, and happiness of devā and humans”; as if his mind was completely controlled by Māra. Second time too ... same ... Third time too the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda –

Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “You may go, Ānanda, do what you think timely here”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir”, saying thus Venerable Ānanda, having heard the Blessed One, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, sat down at the root of some tree not far.

Then Māra the evil one, not long after Venerable Ānanda had left, approached where the Blessed One was, having approached he stood on one side. Standing on one side Māra the evil one addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One attain complete liberation; may the Well-Gone One attain complete liberation; now it is time for complete liberation of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir. Venerable Sir, the Blessed One had spoken these words – ‘O Evil One, I will not attain complete liberation until my bhikkhu disciples are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma’. Here Venerable Sir, the bhikkhu disciples of the Blessed One are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One attain complete liberation; may the Well-Gone One attain complete liberation; now is the time for the complete liberation of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir. [103]

“Venerable Sir, the Blessed One had spoken these words – ‘O Evil One, I will not attain complete liberation until my bhikkhuni disciples are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma’. Here Venerable Sir, the bhikkhuni disciples of the Blessed One are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One attain complete liberation; may the Well-Gone One attain complete liberation; now is the time for the complete liberation of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir.

“Venerable Sir, the Blessed One had spoken these words – ‘O Evil One, I will not attain complete liberation until my male lay disciples are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma’. Here Venerable Sir, the male lay disciples of the Blessed One are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One attain complete liberation; may the Well-Gone One attain complete liberation; now is the time for the complete liberation of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir.

“Venerable Sir, the Blessed One had spoken these words – ‘O Evil One, I will not attain complete liberation until my female lay disciples are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma’. Here Venerable Sir, the female lay disciples of the Blessed One are accomplished, trained, expert, learned, bearers of Dhamma, practicing Dhamma in fullness, practicing respectfully, farers of Dhamma in every way; having learned from the teacher they tell, preach, designate, establish, uncover, classify, open-up the arisen disputations with Dhamma, having rebuked the well-rebuked, preach the marvelous Dhamma. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One attain complete liberation; may the Well-Gone One attain complete liberation; now is the time for the complete liberation of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir.

“Venerable Sir, the Blessed One had spoken these words – ‘O Evil One, I will not attain complete liberation until my holy-life has become successful and prosperous, has permeated, has many adherents, has become numerous, is well-explained to the devā and humans’. Here Venerable Sir, the holy-life of the Blessed One has become successful and prosperous, has permeated, has many adherents, has become numerous, is well-explained to the devā and humans. Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One attain complete liberation; may the Well-Gone One attain complete liberation; now is the time for the complete liberation of the Blessed One, Venerable Sir”.

Spoken to thus, the Blessed One spoke these words to Māra the Evil One – “O Evil One, relax. In no long time the complete liberation of the Tathāgata will take place. At the end of these three months, Tathāgata will attain complete liberation”.

Then the Blessed One, mindfully and clearly knowing relinquished the life formation. When the Blessed One relinquished the life formation, a great earthquake took place, alarming and terrifying, and there was thunder too.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T64 “Equal and unequal becomings,

Sage cut-off the formations of such becomings;

Delighting internally and restrained,

Broke-up where will he become”. First. [104]

6.2 (52) Sattajaṭilasuttaṃ – Seven Matted-Hair Ascetics Sutta [105]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito bahidvārakoṭṭhake nisinno hoti. Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.

Tena kho pana samayena satta ca jaṭilā, satta ca nigaṇṭhā, satta ca acelakā, satta ca ekasāṭakā, satta ca paribbājakā, parūḷhakacchanakhalomā khārivividhamādāya [khārīvidhamādāya (ka. saṃ. ni. 1.122; dī. ni. 1.280)] bhagavato avidūre atikkamanti.

Addasā kho rājā pasenadi kosalo te satta ca jaṭile, satta ca nigaṇṭhe, satta ca acelake, satta ca ekasāṭake, satta ca paribbājake, parūḷhakacchanakhalome khārivividhamādāya bhagavato avidūre atikkamante. Disvāna uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ pathaviyaṃ [paṭhaviyaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] nihantvā yena te satta ca jaṭilā, satta ca nigaṇṭhā, satta ca acelakā, satta ca ekasāṭakā, satta ca paribbājakā, tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṃ nāmaṃ sāvesi – “rājāhaṃ, bhante, pasenadi kosalo; rājāhaṃ, bhante, pasenadi kosalo; rājāhaṃ, bhante, pasenadi kosalo”ti.

Atha kho rājā pasenadi kosalo acirapakkantesu tesu sattasu ca jaṭilesu, sattasu ca nigaṇṭhesu, sattasu ca acelakesu, sattasu ca ekasāṭakesu, sattasu ca paribbājakesu, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “ye kho [ye ca kho (sī.), ye ca te (syā.), ye nu keci kho (pī.), ye te (saṃ. ni. 1.122), ye nu kho keci (?)] bhante, loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā ete tesaṃ aññatare”ti [aññatarāti (sī. ka.), aññataroti (syā. pī.)].

“Dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tayā gihinā kāmabhoginā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasantena kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhontena mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayantena jātarūparajataṃ sādiyantena – ime vā arahanto, ime vā arahattamaggaṃ samāpannāti.

“Saṃvāsena kho, mahārāja, sīlaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañca kho dīghena addhunā na ittaraṃ [na ittarena (syā. sī. syā. aṭṭha.)], manasikarotā no amanasikarotā, paññavatā no duppaññena. Saṃvohārena kho, mahārāja, soceyyaṃ veditabbaṃ. Tañca kho dīghena addhunā na ittaraṃ, manasikarotā no amanasikarotā, paññavatā no duppaññena. Āpadāsu kho, mahārāja, thāmo veditabbo. So ca kho dīghena addhunā na ittaraṃ, manasikarotā no amanasikarotā, paññavatā no duppaññena. Sākacchāya kho, mahārāja, paññā veditabbā. Sā ca kho dīghena addhunā na ittaraṃ, manasikarotā no amanasikarotā, paññavatā no duppaññenā”ti.

“Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ [subhāsitamidaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.122)], bhante, bhagavatā – ‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tayā gihinā puttasambādhasayanaṃ ajjhāvasantena kāsikacandanaṃ paccanubhontena mālāgandhavilepanaṃ dhārayantena jātarūparajataṃ sādiyantena – ime vā arahanto, ime vā arahattamaggaṃ samāpannāti. Saṃvāsena kho, mahārāja, sīlaṃ veditabbaṃ ... pe ... sākacchāya kho, mahārāja, paññā veditabbā. Sā ca kho dīghena addhunā na ittaraṃ, manasikarotā no amanasikarotā, paññavatā no duppaññenā’”ti.

“Ete, bhante, mama purisā corā [carā (saṃ. ni. 1.122)] ocarakā janapadaṃ ocaritvā gacchanti. Tehi paṭhamaṃ ociṇṇaṃ ahaṃ pacchā osārissāmi [otarissāmi (sī. syā. pī.), oyāyissāmi (sī. syā. aṭṭha.), osāpayissāmi (saṃ. ni. 1.122)]. Idāni te, bhante, taṃ rajojallaṃ pavāhetvā sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū odātavatthavasanā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgibhūtā paricāressantī” [cāriyanti (syā.)] ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V65 “Na vāyameyya sabbattha, nāññassa puriso siyā;

Nāññaṃ nissāya jīveyya, dhammena na vaṇiṃ [vāṇiṃ (sī.), vaṇī (syā. pī.), vāṇijaṃ (ka.)] care”ti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Eastern Monastery, Migāra’s-Mother’s Mansion. At that time the Blessed One, having emerged from the solitude in the evening, was sitting outside the gateway [of Migāra’s-Mother’s Mansion]. Then King Pasenadi Kosala approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side.

At that time, seven matted-hair ascetics, seven Jains, seven naked ascetics, seven one-clothed ascetics, seven wanderers, with overgrown hair, long nails, and hairy armpits; taking various grain baskets were passing not far from the Blessed One. [106]

King Pasenadi Kosala saw those seven matted-hair ascetics, seven Jains, seven naked ascetics, seven one-clothed ascetics, seven wanderers, with overgrown hair, long nails, and hairy armpits; taking various grain baskets passing not far from the Blessed One. Having seen, rising up from the seat, with the robe covering one shoulder, with hands in reverential bow, he kneeled on his right leg and bowing where those seven matted-hair ascetics, seven Jains, seven naked ascetics, seven one-clothed ascetics, seven wanderers were; three times he announced his name – “Venerable Sirs, I am King Pasenadi Kosala; Venerable Sirs, I am King Pasenadi Kosala; Venerable Sirs, I am King Pasenadi Kosala”.

Then King Pasenadi Kosala, not long after those seven matted-hair ascetics, seven Jains, seven naked ascetics, seven one-clothed ascetics, seven wanderers had gone; approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side King Pasenadi Kosala addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, indeed those who are Arahants in the world or have entered on the Arahant path, these are among them”.

“It is hard to know for you this O great king, a home-dweller, a sensual pleasure lover, one sleeping hindered by sons, a house-holder, a Kāsian sandalwood enjoyer, wearing garlands-scents-creams, accepting gold-silver – these are Arahants, these have entered on the Arahant path.

“By living together virtues are known, great king. That too after a long time not in a short time, by being attentive not by being inattentive, by wise ones not by unwise ones. By dealing [with someone] purity is known, great king. That too after a long time not in a short time, by being attentive not by being inattentive, by wise ones not by unwise ones. By misfortune strength is known, great king. That too after a long time not in a short time, by being attentive not by being inattentive, by wise ones not by unwise ones. By conversation wisdom is known, great king. That too after a long time not in a short time, by being attentive not by being inattentive, by wise ones not by unwise ones”.

“Marvelous it is, Venerable Sir, unparalleled it is, Venerable Sir! As well-said by the Venerable Blessed One here – ‘It is hard to know for you this O great king, a home-dweller, a sensual pleasure lover, one sleeping hindered by sons, a house-holder, a Kāsian sandalwood enjoyer, wearing garlands-scents-creams, accepting gold-silver – these are Arahants, these have entered on the Arahant path. By living together virtues are known ... same ... By conversation wisdom is known, great king. That too after a long time not in a short time, by being attentive not by being inattentive, by wise ones not by unwise ones’ “.

“Venerable Sir, these are my men – spies, informants going after having spied on the republic. They will be first debriefed by me then they will be free to go. Here Venerable Sir, after washing-off dust and mud, well-bathed, well-anointed, with hair-beard trimmed, wearing clean clothes, given to and endowed with the five characteristics of sensual pleasures, they will be attended to”. [107]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T65 “One should not do efforts everywhere, one should not work for other men;

One should not live dependent on others, one should not trade in Dhamma”. Second. [108]

6.3 (53) Paccavekkhaṇasuttaṃ – Contemplation Sutta [109]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā attano aneke pāpake akusale dhamme pahīne paccavekkhamāno nisinno hoti, aneke ca kusale dhamme bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gate.

Atha kho bhagavā [etamatthaṃ viditvā (sī. ka.)] attano aneke pāpake akusale dhamme pahīne viditvā aneke ca kusale dhamme bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gate [etamatthaṃ viditvā (sī. ka.)] tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V66 “Ahu pubbe tadā nāhu, nāhu pubbe tadā ahu;

Na cāhu na ca bhavissati, na cetarahi vijjatī”ti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, the Blessed One was sitting contemplating the many evil unwholesome phenomena he had abandoned and the many wholesome phenomena he had completely developed.

Then the Blessed One, having known the many evil unwholesome phenomena he had abandoned and the many wholesome phenomena he had completely developed, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T66 “What was before wasn’t afterwards, what wasn’t before that was afterwards;

It wasn’t and it won’t be, and presently it isn’t seen”. Third.

6.4 (54) Paṭhamanānātitthiyasuttaṃ – First Various Sectarians Sutta [110]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā nānātitthiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti nānādiṭṭhikā nānākhantikā nānārucikā nānādiṭṭhinissayanissitā.

Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassato loko, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asassato loko, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “antavā loko, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “anantavā loko, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “taṃ jīvaṃ taṃ sarīraṃ, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “aññaṃ jīvaṃ aññaṃ sarīraṃ, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti.

Te bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – “ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo”ti.

“Idha, bhante, sambahulā nānātitthiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti nānādiṭṭhikā nānākhantikā nānārucikā nānādiṭṭhinissayanissitā.

“Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sassato loko, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti ... pe ... te bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo’”ti.

“Aññatitthiyā, bhikkhave, paribbājakā andhā acakkhukā; atthaṃ na jānanti, anatthaṃ na jānanti, dhammaṃ na jānanti, adhammaṃ na jānanti. Te atthaṃ ajānantā anatthaṃ ajānantā dhammaṃ ajānantā adhammaṃ ajānantā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo’”ti.

“Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, imissāyeva sāvatthiyā aññataro rājā ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so rājā aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi – ‘ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yāvatakā sāvatthiyā jaccandhā te sabbe ekajjhaṃ sannipātehī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso tassa rañño paṭissutvā yāvatakā sāvatthiyā jaccandhā te sabbe gahetvā yena so rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘sannipātitā kho te, deva, yāvatakā sāvatthiyā jaccandhā’ti. ‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, jaccandhānaṃ hatthiṃ dassehī’ti. ‘Evaṃ, devā’ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso tassa rañño paṭissutvā jaccandhānaṃ hatthiṃ dassesi.

“Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa sīsaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa kaṇṇaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa dantaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa soṇḍaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa kāyaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa pādaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa satthiṃ [piṭṭhiṃ (syā.)] dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa naṅguṭṭhaṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti. Ekaccānaṃ jaccandhānaṃ hatthissa vāladhiṃ dassesi – ‘ediso, jaccandhā, hatthī’”ti.

“Atha kho, bhikkhave, so puriso jaccandhānaṃ hatthiṃ dassetvā yena so rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘diṭṭho kho tehi, deva, jaccandhehi hatthī; yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’ti.

“Atha kho, bhikkhave, so rājā yena te jaccandhā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te jaccandhe etadavoca – ‘diṭṭho vo, jaccandhā, hatthī’ti? ‘Evaṃ, deva, diṭṭho no hatthī’ti. ‘Vadetha, jaccandhā, kīdiso hatthī’ti?

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa sīsaṃ diṭṭhaṃ ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi kumbho’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa kaṇṇo diṭṭho ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi suppo’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa danto diṭṭho ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi khīlo’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa soṇḍo diṭṭho ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi naṅgalīsā’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa kāyo diṭṭho ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi koṭṭho’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa pādo diṭṭho ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi thūṇo’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa satthi diṭṭho [piṭṭhi diṭṭā (ka. sī. syā. pī.), satthi diṭṭhā (ka. sī.)] hosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi udukkhalo’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa naṅguṭṭhaṃ diṭṭhaṃ ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi musalo’ti.

“Yehi, bhikkhave, jaccandhehi hatthissa vāladhi diṭṭho ahosi, te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ediso, deva, hatthī seyyathāpi sammajjanī’ti.

“Te ‘ediso hatthī, nediso hatthī; nediso hatthī, ediso hatthī’”ti aññamaññaṃ muṭṭhīhi saṃsumbhiṃsu [saṃyujjhiṃsu (ka. sī., syā. pī.)]. Tena ca pana, bhikkhave, so rājā attamano ahosi.

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā andhā acakkhukā. Te atthaṃ na jānanti anatthaṃ na jānanti, dhammaṃ na jānanti adhammaṃ na jānanti. Te atthaṃ ajānantā anatthaṃ ajānantā, dhammaṃ ajānantā adhammaṃ ajānantā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo’”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V67 “Imesu kira sajjanti, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā;

Viggayha naṃ vivadanti, janā ekaṅgadassino”ti. catutthaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, many sectarians-renunciates-brāhmaṇā-wanderers dwelt in Sāvatthi, having various views, various beliefs, various preferences, adherents of various views.

(1)-(2) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world is eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world is non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. [111]

(3)-(4) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world is finite, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world is infinite, only this is true, everything else is foolish”.

(5)-(6) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “Soul and body are same, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “Soul and body are different, only this is true, everything else is foolish”.

(7)-(10) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “Tathāgata exists after death, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “Tathāgata doesn’t exist after death, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “Tathāgata both exists and doesn’t exist after death, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “Tathāgata neither exists nor doesn’t exist after death, only this is true, everything else is foolish”.

They dwelt creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – “Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such”.

“Venerable Sir, here many sectarians-renunciates-brāhmaṇā-wanderers are dwelling in Sāvatthi, having various views, various beliefs, various preferences, adherents of various views.

“Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers speak thus and are of such views – ‘The world is eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish’. ... same ... They dwell creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – ‘Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such’ ”.

“Bhikkhus, sectarian wanderers are blind, visionless; they don’t know what is beneficial and what isn’t beneficial, they don’t know what is Dhamma and what is non-Dhamma. Not knowing what is beneficial, what isn’t beneficial, what is Dhamma, what is non-Dhamma, they dwell creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – ‘Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such’.

“In the past, bhikkhus, this Sāvatthi had another king. Then bhikkhus, that king invited some man – ‘Come mister, gather all the born-blind people of Sāvatthi in one place’. Saying ‘May it be so, Deva’ that man, having heard the king, having gathered all the born-blind people of Sāvatthi in one place approached where the king was; having approached he addressed the king thus – ‘I have gathered all the born-blind people of Sāvatthi, Deva’. ‘Then, I say, show the elephant to the born-blind people’. Saying ‘May it be so, Deva’ that man, having heard the king, showed the elephant to the born-blind people.

“Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s head – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s ear – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s ivory – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s trunk – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s body – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s foot – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s thigh [backside] – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s tail – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’. Some born-blind people were shown elephant’s tail-end – ‘Such is, born-blind people, an elephant’ “. [112]

“Then bhikkhus, that man having shown the elephant to the born-blind people, approached where the king was; having approached he addressed the king thus – ‘Deva, the born-blind people have seen the elephant; do what you think timely here’.

“Then bhikkhus, that king approached where the born-blind people were; having approached he addressed the born-blind people thus – ‘Have you seen the elephant, born-blind people’? ‘That is so, Deva, we have seen the elephant’. ‘Describe, born-blind people, what is an elephant’?

“Those born-blind people who had seen the head of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a pot’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the ear of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a winnowing basket’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the ivory of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a stake’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the trunk of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a plough’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the body of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a granary’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the foot of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a column’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the thigh [backside] of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a mortar’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the tail of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a pestle’.

“Those born-blind people who had seen the tail-end of the elephant, they said thus – ‘Deva, the elephant is like a broom’.

“Saying ‘Elephant is such, elephant isn’t such; elephant isn’t such, elephant is such’ they knocked-out each other with fists. Because of that bhikkhus, that king was delighted.

“Just like that bhikkhus, sectarian wanderers are blind, visionless. They don’t know what is beneficial and what isn’t beneficial, they don’t know what is Dhamma and what is non-Dhamma. Not knowing what is beneficial, what isn’t beneficial, what is Dhamma, what is non-Dhamma, they dwell creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – ‘Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such’ “.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T67 “They are attached to this, some renunciates and brāhmaṇā;

They quarrel and dispute, people seeing one limb”. Fourth. [113]

6.5 (55) Dutiyanānātitthiyasuttaṃ – Second Various Sectarians Sutta [114]

Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassato ca asassato ca [sassato asassato (sī.)] attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “neva sassato nāsassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “paraṃkato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkato ca paraṃkato ca [sayaṃkato paraṃkato (sī.)] attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asayaṃkāro aparaṃkāro [asayaṃkāro ca aparaṃkāro ca (syā. pī.)] adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassatañca asassatañca [sassataṃ asassataṃ (sī.)] sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “neva sassataṃ nāsassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evadiṭṭhino – “paraṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca [sayaṃkathaṃ paraṃkataṃ (sī.)] sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti.

Te bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – “ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo”ti.

“Idha, bhante, sambahulā nānātitthiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti nānādiṭṭhikā nānākhantikā nānārucikā nānādiṭṭhinissayanissitā.

“Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’nti ... pe ... te bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo’”ti.

“Aññatitthiyā, bhikkhave, paribbājakā andhā acakkhukā; atthaṃ na jānanti anatthaṃ na jānanti, dhammaṃ na jānanti adhammaṃ na jānanti. Te atthaṃ ajānantā anatthaṃ ajānantā, dhammaṃ ajānantā adhammaṃ ajānantā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo’”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V68 “Imesu kira sajjanti, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā;

Antarāva visīdanti, appatvāva tamogadha”nti. pañcamaṃ;

(1)-(4) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are both eternal and non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are neither eternal nor non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. [115]

(5)-(8) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are self-created, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are other-created, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are both self-created and other-created, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self are neither self-created nor other-created, the world and self are spontaneously arisen, only this is true, everything else is foolish”.

(9)-(12) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are both eternal and non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are neither eternal nor non-eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish”.

(13)-(16) Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are self-created, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are other-created, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are both self-created and other-created, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. But some brāhmaṇā-wanderers spoke thus and were of such views – “The world and self and happiness-suffering are neither self-created nor other-created, the world and self and happiness-suffering are spontaneously arisen, only this is true, everything else is foolish”. [116]

They dwelt creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – “Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such”.

“Here, Venerable Sir, many sectarians-renunciates-brāhmaṇā-wanderers are dwelling in Sāvatthi, having various views, various beliefs, various preferences, adherents of various views.

“Some brāhmaṇā-wanderers speak thus and are of such views – ‘The world and self are eternal, only this is true, everything else is foolish’. ... same ... They dwell creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – ‘Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such’ ”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T68 “They are attached to this, some renunciates and brāhmaṇā;

They sink midway, having unreached [Nibbāna], they merge with darkness”. Fifth. [117]

6.6 (56) Tatiyanānātitthiyasuttaṃ – Third Various Sectarians Sutta [118]

Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassato ca asassato ca attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “neva sassato nāsassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “paraṃkato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkato ca paraṃkato ca attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asayaṃkāro aparaṃkāro adhiccasamuppanno attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sassatañca asassatañca sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “neva sassataṃ nāsassataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “paraṃkataṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santeke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “sayaṃkatañca paraṃkatañca sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti. Santi paneke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – “asayaṃkāraṃ aparaṃkāraṃ adhiccasamuppannaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamañña”nti.

Te bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – “ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo”ti.

“Idha, bhante, sambahulā nānātitthiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti nānādiṭṭhikā nānākhantikā nānārucikā nānādiṭṭhinissayanissitā.

“Aññatitthiyā, bhikkhave, paribbājakā andhā acakkhukā. Te atthaṃ na jānanti anatthaṃ na jānanti, dhammaṃ na jānanti adhammaṃ na jānanti. Te atthaṃ ajānantā anatthaṃ ajānantā, dhammaṃ ajānantā adhammaṃ ajānantā bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti – ‘ediso dhammo, nediso dhammo; nediso dhammo, ediso dhammo’”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V69 “Ahaṅkārapasutāyaṃ pajā, paraṃkārūpasaṃhitā;

Etadeke nābbhaññaṃsu, na naṃ sallanti addasuṃ.

V70 “Etañca sallaṃ paṭikacca [paṭigacca (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] passato;

Ahaṃ karomīti na tassa hoti, paro karotīti na tassa hoti.

V71 “Mānupetā ayaṃ pajā, mānaganthā mānavinibaddhā [mānavinibandhā (sī.)];

Diṭṭhīsu sārambhakathā, saṃsāraṃ nātivattatī”ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

They dwelt creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, striking each other with verbal knives – “Dhamma is such, Dhamma isn’t such; Dhamma isn’t such, Dhamma is such”.

“Here, Venerable Sir, many sectarians-renunciates-brāhmaṇā-wanderers are dwelling in Sāvatthi, having various views, various beliefs, various preferences, adherents of various views.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T69 “Intent on I-making is this generation, accompanied by other-making;

One who was unpreached here, did not see it as dart.

T70 “Here one who foresees the dart;

‘I do’ doesn’t occur to him, nor does ‘others do’.

T71 “Possessed by conceit this generation, bonded and tied by conceit;

Talking angrily with views, does not go beyond the round of existences”. Sixth.

6.7 (57) Subhūtisuttaṃ – Subhūti (Well-being) Sutta [121]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā subhūti bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya avitakkaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajjitvā.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ subhūtiṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya avitakkaṃ samādhiṃ samāpannaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V72 “Yassa vitakkā vidhūpitā,

Ajjhattaṃ suvikappitā asesā;

Taṃ saṅgamaticca arūpasaññī,

Catuyogātigato na jātu metī”ti [na jātimetīti (syā. pī. aṭṭha. pāṭhantaraṃ)]. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Subhūti was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having entered upon the calmness of thoughts concentration. [122]

The Blessed One saw Venerable Subhūti sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, having entered upon the calmness of thoughts concentration.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T72 “One whose thoughts are scattered,

Internally well-ordered, without residue;

Overcoming attachments and perceiving formless,

Surmounting the four bonds he isn’t born again”. Seventh. [123]

6.8 (58) Gaṇikāsuttaṃ – Courtesan Sutta [124]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe dve pūgā aññatarissā gaṇikāya sārattā honti paṭibaddhacittā; bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ pāṇīhipi upakkamanti, leḍḍūhipi upakkamanti, daṇḍehipi upakkamanti, satthehipi upakkamanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti maraṇamattampi dukkhaṃ.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃsu. Rājagahe piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –

“Idha, bhante, rājagahe dve pūgā aññatarissā gaṇikāya sārattā paṭibaddhacittā; bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ pāṇīhipi upakkamanti, leḍḍūhipi upakkamanti, daṇḍehipi upakkamanti, satthehipi upakkamanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti maraṇamattampi dukkha”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

“Yañca pattaṃ yañca pattabbaṃ, ubhayametaṃ rajānukiṇṇaṃ, āturassānusikkhato. Ye ca sikkhāsārā sīlabbataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasārā, ayameko anto. Ye ca evaṃvādino – ‘natthi kāmesu doso’ti, ayaṃ dutiyo anto. Iccete ubho antā kaṭasivaḍḍhanā, kaṭasiyo diṭṭhiṃ vaḍḍhenti. Etete ubho ante anabhiññāya olīyanti eke, atidhāvanti eke. Ye ca kho te abhiññāya tatra ca nāhesuṃ, tena ca nāmaññiṃsu, vaṭṭaṃ tesaṃ natthi paññāpanāyā”ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. At that time, two factions in Rājagaha were impassioned with some courtesan and had enthralled minds; creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, they fought each other with hands, with clods of earth, with sticks, and with knives. They thus underwent death or death-like suffering.

Then many bhikkhus, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Rājagaha for the alms-round. Having fared the alms-round in Rājagaha, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Here Venerable Sir, two factions in Rājagaha were impassioned with some courtesan and had enthralled minds; creating strifes, quarrelling, disputing, they fought each other with hands, with clods of earth, with sticks, and with knives. They thus underwent death or death-like suffering”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

“Whatever has been reached, whatever will be reached, both are increasing the lust, learning from a distressed one. Those who are learning a virtuous life, attending on a holy-life, that is one end. Those who are of the opinion – ‘There is no fault in sensual pleasures’, that is the second end. Here both ends are increasing the charnel ground, the charnel ground increases the views. Here without fully knowing both ends, some undershoot, some overshoot. Indeed those who fully know this are not there, do not conceive it, their whirling is not discerned”. Eighth. [125]

6.9 (59) Upātidhāvantisuttaṃ – Running On Sutta [126]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ abbhokāse nisinno hoti telappadīpesu jhāyamānesu.

Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā adhipātakā tesu telappadīpesu āpātaparipātaṃ anayaṃ āpajjanti, byasanaṃ āpajjanti [natthi sīhaḷapotthake], anayabyasanaṃ āpajjanti [natthi sīhaḷapotthake]. Addasā kho bhagavā te sambahule adhipātake tesu telappadīpesu āpātaparipātaṃ anayaṃ āpajjante, byasanaṃ āpajjante, anayabyasanaṃ āpajjante.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V73 “Upātidhāvanti na sāramenti,

Navaṃ navaṃ bandhanaṃ brūhayanti;

Patanti pajjotamivādhipātakā [... dhipātā (sī. syā.)],

Diṭṭhe sute itiheke niviṭṭhā”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time the Blessed One was sitting in the open in the pitch dark night, near fired-up and lighted oil-lamps.

At that time, many moth fell and sank [burnt] in those lighted oil-lamps and arrived at misfortune, arrived at destruction, arrived at misfortune and destruction. The Blessed One saw those many moth falling and sinking [burning] in those lighted oil-lamps and arriving at misfortune, arriving at destruction, arriving at misfortune and destruction.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T73 “Running on aimlessly,

Cultivating new ties;

Falling like moth in the lamp,

[are the] Ones settled in the seen, heard, and oral traditions”. Ninth. [127]

6.10 (60) Uppajjantisuttaṃ – Arising Sutta [128]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –

“Yāvakīvañca, bhante, tathāgatā loke nuppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā tāva aññatitthiyā paribbājakā sakkatā honti garukatā mānitā pūjitā apacitā lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Yato ca kho, bhante, tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā atha aññatitthiyā paribbājakā asakkatā honti agarukatā amānitā apūjitā anapacitā na lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Bhagavā yeva [bhagavā ceva (syā.)] dāni, bhante, sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ, bhikkhusaṅgho cā”ti.

“Evametaṃ, ānanda, yāvakīvañca, ānanda, tathāgatā loke nuppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā tāva aññatitthiyā paribbājakā sakkatā honti garukatā mānitā pūjitā apacitā lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Yato ca kho, ānanda, tathāgatā loke uppajjanti arahanto sammāsambuddhā atha aññatitthiyā paribbājakā asakkatā honti agarukatā amānitā apūjitā anapacitā na lābhino cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ. Tathāgatova [tathāgato ceva (syā.)] dāni sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ, bhikkhusaṅgho cā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V74 “Obhāsati tāva so kimi,

Yāva na unnamate [uggamati (sī.), unnamati (syā.)] pabhaṅkaro;

(Sa) [( ) natthi sī. syā. potthakesu] verocanamhi uggate,

Hatappabho hoti na cāpi bhāsati.

V75 “Evaṃ obhāsitameva takkikānaṃ [titthiyānaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)],

Yāva sammāsambuddhā loke nuppajjanti;

Na takkikā sujjhanti na cāpi sāvakā,

Duddiṭṭhī na dukkhā pamuccare”ti. dasamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. Then Venerable Ānanda approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Ānanda addressed the Blessed One thus –

“Venerable Sir, as long as Tathāgatā, Arahant, rightly self-enlightened, do not arise in the world, sectarian wanderers are provided hospitality; are respected, revered, venerated, honored, are gainers of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Venerable Sir, when Tathāgatā, Arahant, rightly self-enlightened, arise in the world, sectarian wanderers are not provided hospitality; are not respected, not revered, not venerated, not honored, are not gainers of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Venerable Sir, now only the Blessed One is provided hospitality; is respected, revered, venerated, honored, is a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick; and the Bhikkhu Saṅgha too”.

“That is so Ānanda, as long as Tathāgatā, Arahant, rightly self-enlightened, do not arise in the world, sectarian wanderers are provided hospitality; are respected, revered, venerated, honored, are gainers of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick, Ānanda. Ānanda, when Tathāgatā, Arahant, rightly self-enlightened, arise in the world, sectarian wanderers are not provided hospitality; are not respected, not revered, not venerated, not honored, are not gainers of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick. Now only the Tathāgata is provided hospitality; is respected, revered, venerated, honored, is a gainer of necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick; and the Bhikkhu Saṅgha too”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T74 “The fire-fly lights up [the night],

Until the rising of the radiance-maker;

With the rising of the Sun,

It’s radiance is destroyed and it doesn’t shine.

T75 “Thus sectarians light-up,

Until the arising of the rightly self-enlightened in the world;

Neither are reasoners purified nor are [their] disciples,

Ones with wrong views are not freed from suffering”. Tenth. [129]

Jaccandhavaggo chaṭṭho niṭṭhito. – Sixth Section on Born Blind is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Āyujaṭilavekkhaṇā, tayo titthiyā subhūti;

Gaṇikā upāti navamo, uppajjanti ca te dasāti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Lifespan-matted hair ascetics-contemplation, three of sectarians Subhūti;

Courtesan running-on is ninth, with arising they are ten.

7. Cūḷavaggo – Smaller Section

7.1 (61) Paṭhamalakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ – First Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya (Good Dwarf) Sutta [130]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ anekapariyāyena dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti [samādāpeti (?)] samuttejeti sampahaṃseti.

Atha kho āyasmato lakuṇḍakabhaddiyassa āyasmatā sāriputtena anekapariyāyena dhammiyā kathāya sandassiyamānassa samādapiyamānassa samuttejiyamānassa sampahaṃsiyamānassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ āyasmatā sāriputtena anekapariyāyena dhammiyā kathāya sandassiyamānaṃ samādapiyamānaṃ samuttejiyamānaṃ sampahaṃsiyamānaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuttaṃ [vimuttacittaṃ (?)].

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V76 “Uddhaṃ adho sabbadhi vippamutto, ayaṃhamasmīti [ayamahamasmīti (sī. syā. pī.)] anānupassī;

Evaṃ vimutto udatāri oghaṃ, atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāyā”ti. paṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Venerable Sāriputta was instructing, rousing, inspiring, and gladdening Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya in many ways with a Dhamma talk.

Then being instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by Venerable Sāriputta in many ways with a Dhamma talk, Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya’s mind was fully-freed by non-clinging to taints. [131]

Blessed One saw that being instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by Venerable Sāriputta in many ways with a Dhamma talk, Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya’s mind was fully-freed by non-clinging to taints.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T76 “Above-below and everywhere fully freed, not contemplating ‘this I am’;

Thus fully-freed, he has crossed-over the flood uncrossed before, for no further becoming”. First. [132]

7.2 (62) Dutiyalakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ – Second Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya (Good Dwarf) Sutta [133]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ sekhaṃ [sekkhoti (syā.), sekhoti (pī.)] maññamāno bhiyyosomattāya anekapariyāyena dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ sekhaṃ maññamānaṃ bhiyyosomattāya anekapariyāyena dhammiyā kathāya sandassentaṃ samādapentaṃ samuttejentaṃ sampahaṃsentaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V77 “Acchecchi [acchejji (ka. sī.), acchijji (ka. sī. syā.), achijji (ka.)] vaṭṭaṃ byagā nirāsaṃ, visukkhā saritā na sandati;

Chinnaṃ vaṭṭaṃ na vattati, esevanto dukkhassā”ti. dutiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Venerable Sāriputta, believing Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya to be a trainee, was very kindly instructing, rousing, inspiring, and gladdening him in many ways with a Dhamma talk.

Blessed One saw that Venerable Sāriputta, believing Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya to be a trainee, was very kindly instructing, rousing, inspiring, and gladdening him in many ways with a Dhamma talk.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T77 “Cut-off whirling, departed, unelated, for one fully dried rivers don’t flow;

Cutting off whirling one doesn’t whirl, just this is the end of suffering”. Second.

7.3 (63) Paṭhamasattasuttaṃ – First Clinging Sutta [134]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyā manussā yebhuyyena kāmesu ativelaṃ sattā ( ) [(honti) (bahūsu) aṭṭhakathāya saṃsandetabbaṃ] rattā giddhā gadhitā [gathitā (sī.)] mucchitā ajjhopannā sammattakajātā kāmesu viharanti.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃsu. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “idha, bhante, sāvatthiyā manussā yebhuyyena kāmesu ativelaṃ sattā rattā giddhā gadhitā mucchitā ajjhopannā sammattakajātā kāmesu viharantī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V78 “Kāmesu sattā kāmasaṅgasattā,

Saṃyojane vajjamapassamānā;

Na hi jātu saṃyojanasaṅgasattā,

Oghaṃ tareyyuṃ vipulaṃ mahanta”nti. tatiyaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time the people of Sāvatthi, frequently, for a long time, dwelt clinging to sensual pleasures, delighting, greedy, bonded, comatose, attached, fully intoxicated with sensual pleasures.

Then many bhikkhus, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Sāvatthi for the alms-round. Having fared the alms-round in Sāvatthi, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, they approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, people of Sāvatthi, frequently, for a long time, dwell clinging to sensual pleasures, delighting, greedy, bonded, comatose, attached, fully intoxicated with sensual pleasures”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T78 “Clinging to sensual pleasures, attached to sensual pleasures,

Not seeing fetters as blamable;

Never can the fettered and attached beings,

Cross the flood very great”. Third. [135]

7.4 (64) Dutiyasattasuttaṃ – Second Clinging Sutta [136]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāvatthiyā manussā yebhuyyena kāmesu sattā ( ) [(honti) (bahūsu) aṭṭhakathāya saṃsandetabbaṃ] rattā giddhā gadhitā mucchitā ajjhopannā andhīkatā sammattakajātā kāmesu viharanti.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā sāvatthiyā te manusse yebhuyyena kāmesu satte ratte giddhe gadhite mucchite ajjhopanne andhīkate sammattakajāte kāmesu viharante.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V79 “Kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditā;

Pamattabandhunā baddhā, macchāva kumināmukhe;

Jarāmaraṇamanventi [jarāmaraṇaṃ gacchanti (sī. syā.)], vaccho khīrapakova mātara”nti. catutthaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time the people of Sāvatthi frequently dwelt clinging to sensual pleasures, delighting, greedy, bonded, comatose, attached, blinded, fully intoxicated with sensual pleasures.

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Sāvatthi for the alms-round. The Blessed One saw the people of Sāvatthi frequently dwelling clinging to sensual pleasures, delighting, greedy, bonded, comatose, attached, blinded, fully intoxicated with sensual pleasures.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T79 “Blinded and covered by web of sensual pleasures, veiled by craving,

Tied by the kinsman of heedless, like fish at the entrance of trap;

They follow old age and death,

Like a suckling calf [follows] its mother”. Fourth.

7.5 (65) Aparalakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ –Another Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya (Noble Dwarf) Sutta [137]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā lakuṇḍakabhaddiyo sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ dūratova sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito āgacchantaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ duddasikaṃ okoṭimakaṃ yebhuyyena bhikkhūnaṃ paribhūtarūpaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi –

“Passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, etaṃ bhikkhuṃ dūratova sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito āgacchantaṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ duddasikaṃ okoṭimakaṃ yebhuyyena bhikkhūnaṃ paribhūtarūpa”nti? “Evaṃ, bhante”ti.

“Eso, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. Na ca sā samāpatti sulabharūpā yā tena bhikkhunā asamāpannapubbā. Yassa catthāya [yassatthāya (sī. ka.)] kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V80 “Nelaṅgo setapacchādo, ekāro vattatī ratho;

Anīghaṃ passa āyantaṃ, chinnasotaṃ abandhana”nti. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya, following closely behind many bhikkhus, approached where the Blessed One was.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya coming from far, following closely behind many bhikkhus, an unattractive bad-looking dwarf, frequently held in contempt by the bhikkhus. Having seen he invited the bhikkhus –

“Bhikkhu, do you see that bhikkhu coming from far, following closely behind many bhikkhus, an unattractive bad-looking dwarf, frequently held in contempt by the bhikkhus”? “That is so, Venerable Sir”.

“Bhikkhus, that bhikkhu is of great supernormal powers, greatly powered. There is no attainment that is unattained by that bhikkhu. This is the reason for which sons of reputable families completely go forth from home to homelessness for that unsurpassed [goal], the end of faring the holy-life, having self-realized the higher knowledges in this world, dwell having appeased”. [138]

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T80 “Blameless, covered in white, one-axled chariot rolls;

See the griefless one coming, one with stream cut-off, an untied one”. Fifth.

7.6 (66) Taṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ – Complete Ending of Craving Sutta [139]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā aññāsikoṇḍañño [aññātakoṇḍañño (sabbattha)] bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ paccavekkhamāno.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ aññāsikoṇḍaññaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ paccavekkhamānaṃ.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V81 “Yassa mūlaṃ chamā natthi, paṇṇā natthi kuto latā;

Taṃ dhīraṃ bandhanā muttaṃ, ko taṃ ninditumarahati;

Devāpi naṃ pasaṃsanti, brahmunāpi pasaṃsito”ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Aññāsikoṇḍañña was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, contemplating full-freedom by full ending of craving.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Aññāsikoṇḍañña sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, contemplating full-freedom by full ending of craving.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T81 “Whose root is ungrounded, there are no leaves, let alone the vine;

That patient one freed from ties, who can criticize him?

Devā too praise him, he is praised by the Brahma too”. Sixth.

7.7 (67) Papañcakhayasuttaṃ – End of Proliferation Sutta [140]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā attano papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpahānaṃ paccavekkhamāno nisinno hoti.

Atha kho bhagavā attano papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpahānaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V82 “Yassa papañcā ṭhiti ca natthi, sandānaṃ palighañca vītivatto;

Taṃ nittaṇhaṃ muniṃ carantaṃ, nāvajānāti sadevakopi loko”ti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, the Blessed One was sitting contemplating his abandoning of sign of proliferation and reckoning. [141]

Then the Blessed One, having known his abandoning of sign of proliferation and reckoning, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T82 “Whose proliferation is not standing, having overcome chains and obstructions;

Where that craving-less sage dwells, isn’t known by the world with it’s devā”. Seventh. [142]

7.8 (68) Kaccānasuttaṃ – Kaccāna (Kaccāyana the Great, Golden Man) Sutta [143]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākaccāno bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya kāyagatāya satiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya.

Addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya kāyagatāya satiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V83 “Yassa siyā sabbadā sati, satataṃ kāyagatā upaṭṭhitā;

No cassa no ca me siyā, na bhavissati na ca me bhavissati;

Anupubbavihāri tattha so, kāleneva tare visattika”nti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time, Venerable Mahākaccāna was sitting not far from the Blessed One, having crossed legs, having made upright body, internally having well-established mindfulness directed to body in forefront.

The Blessed One saw Venerable Mahākaccāna sitting not far, having crossed legs, having made upright body, internally having well-established mindfulness directed to body in forefront.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T83 “One who has always, established mindfulness directed to body;

‘It doesn’t and it doesn’t exist for me, it will not and it will not be for me’;

Faring gradually that one, at right time crosses-over the clinging”. Fifth. [144]

7.9 (69) Udapānasuttaṃ – Water Well Sutta [145]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena thūṇaṃ [thūnaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] nāma mallānaṃ brāhmaṇagāmo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho thūṇeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ thūṇaṃ anuppatto”ti.( ) [(atha kho te thūṇeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā) (?)] Udapānaṃ tiṇassa ca bhusassa ca yāva mukhato pūresuṃ – “mā te muṇḍakā samaṇakā pānīyaṃ apaṃsū”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma yena rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “iṅgha me tvaṃ, ānanda, etamhā udapānā pānīyaṃ āharā”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “idāni so, bhante, udapāno thūṇeyyakehi brāhmaṇagahapatikehi tiṇassa ca bhusassa ca yāva mukhato pūrito – ‘mā te muṇḍakā samaṇakā pānīyaṃ apaṃsū’”ti.

Dutiyampi kho ... pe ... tatiyampi kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “iṅgha me tvaṃ, ānanda, etamhā udapānā pānīyaṃ āharā”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā pattaṃ gahetvā yena so udapāno tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho so udapāno āyasmante ānande upasaṅkamante sabbaṃ taṃ tiṇañca bhusañca mukhato ovamitvā acchassa udakassa anāvilassa vippasannassa yāva mukhato pūrito vissandanto [vissando (ka.)] maññe aṭṭhāsi.

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – “acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā! Ayañhi so udapāno mayi upasaṅkamante sabbaṃ taṃ tiṇañca bhusañca mukhato ovamitvā acchassa udakassa anāvilassa vippasannassa yāva mukhato pūrito vissandanto maññe ṭhito”ti!! Pattena pānīyaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante, tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā! Ayañhi so, bhante, udapāno mayi upasaṅkamante sabbaṃ taṃ tiṇañca bhusañca mukhato ovamitvā acchassa udakassa anāvilassa vippasannassa yāva mukhato pūrito vissandanto maññe aṭṭhāsi!! Pivatu bhagavā pānīyaṃ, pivatu sugato pānīya”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V84 “Kiṃ kayirā udapānena, āpā ce sabbadā siyuṃ;

Taṇhāya mūlato chetvā, kissa pariyesanaṃ care”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One, walking in the Malla [republic] together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha, arrived at the Mallan brāhmaṇa village named Thūṇa. The brāhmaṇa householders of Thūṇa heard – “Good sir, renunciate Gotama Son of Sakyan, having gone forth from the Sakyan clan, walking in the Malla together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha has reached Thūṇa”. [Then they] filled-up the water well with grass and chaff to the brim [with the thought] – “May those shaven-head renunciates not get to drink [the water]”.

Then the Blessed One, getting off the path, approached where there was a tree-root; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Sitting the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Come, bring me some water from this water well Ānanda”.

Spoken to thus, Venerable Ānanda addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, this water well has been filled to the brim by the brāhmaṇa householders of Thūṇa [with the thought] – ‘May those shaven-head renunciates not get to drink [the water]’ “.

Second time too ... same ... Third time too the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Come, bring me some water from this water well Ānanda”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Venerable Ānanda, having heard the Blessed One, having taken a bowl approached where that water well was. Then that water well, upon the approach of Venerable Ānanda, up-swelled and threw up all the grass and chaff and stood with overflowing water – clear, unagitated, calm.

Then it occurred to Venerable Ānanda – “Marvelous it is, good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir; the supernormal powers, the great powers, of the Tathāgata! Upon my approach this water well up-swelled and threw up all the grass and chaff and stood with overflowing water – clear, unagitated, calm”!! Taking water by the bowl he approached where the Blessed One was, having approached he addressed the Blessed One thus – “Marvelous it is, good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir; the supernormal powers, the great powers, of the Tathāgata! Upon my approach this water well up-swelled and threw up all the grass and chaff and stood with overflowing water – clear, unagitated, calm!! May the Blessed One drink the water, may the Well-Gone One drink the water”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T84 “What will one do with the water well, if water is everywhere?

Having cut-off the root of craving, what would he search for”? Ninth.

7.10 (70) Utenasuttaṃ – King Utena (Udena) Sutta [146]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena rañño utenassa [udenassa (sī. syā. pī.)] uyyānagatassa antepuraṃ daḍḍhaṃ hoti, pañca ca itthisatāni [pañca itthisatāni (sī. syā. pī.)] kālaṅkatāni honti sāmāvatīpamukhāni.

Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃsu. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “idha, bhante, rañño utenassa uyyānagatassa antepuraṃ daḍḍhaṃ, pañca ca itthisatāni kālaṅkatāni sāmāvatīpamukhāni. Tāsaṃ, bhante, upāsikānaṃ kā gati ko abhisamparāyo”ti?

“Santettha, bhikkhave, upāsikāyo sotāpannā, santi sakadāgāminiyo, santi anāgāminiyo. Sabbā tā, bhikkhave, upāsikāyo anipphalā kālaṅkatā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V85 “Mohasambandhano loko, bhabbarūpova dissati;

Upadhibandhano [upadhisambandhano (ka. sī.)] bālo, tamasā parivārito;

Sassatoriva [sassati viya (ka. sī.)] khāyati, passato natthi kiñcana”nti. dasamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Kosambi in Ghosita’s Monastery. At that time while King Utena had gone to the garden, the women’s area burned down, five hundred women headed by Sāmāvatī did the time [died].

Then many bhikkhus, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe in the morning, entered Kosambi for the alms-round. Having fared the alms-round in Kosambi, having eaten, returning from the alms-round, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side those bhikkhus addressed the Blessed One thus – “Here, Venerable Sir, while King Utena had gone to the garden, the women’s area burned down, five hundred women headed by Sāmāvatī did the time [died]. What is the destination, what is the here-after of those lay female devotees”?

“Some lay female devotees became stream-enterers, some became once-returners, some became non-returners. All those lay female devotees who did the time [died] attained fruit”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T85 “Fully tied by delusion this world, appears to be worth becoming;

To the fool tied by possessions, attended by darkness;

It seems to be eternal, [but] he doesn’t see obstructions [therein]”. Tenth. [147]

Cūḷavaggo [cullavaggo (sī.), cūlavaggo (pī.)] sattamo niṭṭhito. – Seventh Smaller Section is finished.

Tassuddānaṃ –

Dve bhaddiyā dve ca sattā, lakuṇḍako taṇhākhayo;

Papañcakhayo ca kaccāno, udapānañca utenoti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Two of Bhaddiya, two of clinging, Lakuṇḍaka end-of-craving;

end-of-proliferation and Kaccāna, water well and Utena too.

8. Pāṭaligāmiyavaggo – Section on People of Pāṭaligāma

8.1 (71) Paṭhamanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ – First Connected to Nibbāna Sutta [148]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkhū nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Tedha bhikkhū [te ca bhikkhū (sī. syā. pī. tadaṭṭhakathāpi oloketabbā] aṭṭhiṃ katvā [aṭṭhīkatvā (sī. syā.), aṭṭhikatvā (pī.)] manasi katvā sabbaṃ cetaso [sabbaṃ cetasā (itipi aññasuttesu)] samannāharitvā ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

“Atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī, na āpo, na tejo, na vāyo, na ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ, na viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ, na ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ, nāyaṃ loko, na paraloko, na ubho candimasūriyā. Tatrāpāhaṃ, bhikkhave, neva āgatiṃ vadāmi, na gatiṃ, na ṭhitiṃ, na cutiṃ, na upapattiṃ; appatiṭṭhaṃ, appavattaṃ, anārammaṇamevetaṃ. Esevanto dukkhassā”ti. Paṭhamaṃ.

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. At that time the Blessed One was instructing, rousing, inspiring, and gladdening the bhikkhus with a Dhamma talk. There the bhikkhus were hearing the Dhamma receptively, attentively, mentally concentrated, lending an ear.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

“There is bhikkhus, that realm, where there is neither earth, nor water, nor fire, nor wind, nor space realm, nor consciousness realm, nor nothingness realm, nor neither-perception-nor-non-perception realm, nor this world, nor other world, nor both Moon and Sun. There bhikkhus, I say, there is neither coming, nor going, nor standing, nor passing, nor arising; unestablished, non-whirling, non-dependent it is. Just this is the end of suffering”. First.

8.2 (72) Dutiyanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ – Second Connected to Nibbāna Sutta [149]

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V86 “Duddasaṃ anataṃ nāma, na hi saccaṃ sudassanaṃ;

Paṭividdhā taṇhā jānato, passato natthi kiñcana”nti. dutiyaṃ;

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T86 “Indeed hard to see is uninclined [Nibbāna], nor is truth easy to see;

Comprehending craving the knower, doesn’t see any obstructions [to Nibbāna]”. Second. [150]

8.3 (73) Tatiyanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ – Third Connected to Nibbāna Sutta [151]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavā bhikkhū nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya dhammiyā kathāya sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. Tedha bhikkhū aṭṭhiṃ katvā, manasi katvā, sabbaṃ cetaso samannāharitvā, ohitasotā dhammaṃ suṇanti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

“Atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ. No cetaṃ, bhikkhave, abhavissa ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, nayidha jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyetha. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, tasmā jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyatī”ti. Tatiyaṃ.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

“There is, bhikkhus, an unborn, unbecome, unmade, unformed. If there were not an unborn, unbecome, unmade, unformed; refuge from the born, become, made, formed would not be seen. Indeed bhikkhus, because there is an unborn, unbecome, unmade, unformed; therefore a refuge is seen from the born, become, made, formed”. Third.

8.4 (74) Catutthanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ – Fourth Connected to Nibbāna Sutta [152]

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

“Nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. Calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena [na ubhayamantare (sabbattha) ma. ni. 3.393; saṃ. ni. 4.87 passitabbaṃ]. Esevanto dukkhassā”ti. Catutthaṃ.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

“Dependent can move, non-dependent does not move. When there is no moving there is tranquility, with tranquility there is no inclination. With no inclination, there is no coming-going. With no coming-going, there is no arising-passing. When there is no arising-passing there is neither here, nor here-after, nor in-between. Just this is the end of suffering”. Fourth.

8.5 (75) Cundasuttaṃ – Cunda Sutta [153]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena pāvā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pāvāyaṃ viharati cundassa kammāraputtassa ambavane.

Assosi kho cundo kammāraputto – “bhagavā kira mallesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pāvaṃ anuppatto pāvāyaṃ viharati mayhaṃ ambavane”ti. Atha kho cundo kammāraputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho cundaṃ kammāraputtaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho cundo kammāraputto bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

Atha kho cundo kammāraputto bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho cundo kammāraputto tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā pahūtañca sūkaramaddavaṃ bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – “kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena cundassa kammāraputtassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Nisajja kho bhagavā cundaṃ kammāraputtaṃ āmantesi – “yaṃ te, cunda, sūkaramaddavaṃ paṭiyattaṃ tena maṃ parivisa, yaṃ panaññaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyattaṃ tena bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisā”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho cundo kammāraputto bhagavato paṭissutvā yaṃ ahosi sūkaramaddavaṃ paṭiyattaṃ tena bhagavantaṃ parivisi; yaṃ panaññaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyattaṃ tena bhikkhusaṅghaṃ parivisi.

Atha kho bhagavā cundaṃ kammāraputtaṃ āmantesi – “yaṃ te, cunda, sūkaramaddavaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ taṃ sobbhe nikhaṇāhi. Nāhaṃ taṃ, cunda, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya yassa taṃ paribhuttaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gaccheyya aññatra tathāgatassā”ti [aññatra tathāgatenāti (ka. sī.)]. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho cundo kammāraputto bhagavato paṭissutvā yaṃ ahosi sūkaramaddavaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ taṃ sobbhe nikhaṇitvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho cundaṃ kammāraputtaṃ bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

Atha kho bhagavato cundassa kammāraputtassa bhattaṃ bhuttāvissa kharo ābādho uppajji. Lohitapakkhandikā pabāḷhā [bāḷhā (sī. syā. pī.)] vedanā vattanti māraṇantikā. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sato sampajāno adhivāsesi avihaññamāno. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “āyāmānanda, yena kusinārā tenupasaṅkamissāmā”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi.

V87 “Cundassa bhattaṃ bhuñjitvā, kammārassāti me sutaṃ;

Ābādhaṃ samphusī dhīro, pabāḷhaṃ māraṇantikaṃ.

V88 “Bhuttassa ca sūkaramaddavena, byādhippabāḷho udapādi satthuno;

Viriccamāno [viriñcamāno (?) virecamāno (dī. ni. 2.190)] bhagavā avoca, ‘gacchāmahaṃ kusināraṃ nagara’”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “iṅgha me tvaṃ, ānanda, catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpehi; kilantosmi, ānanda, nisīdissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpesi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “iṅgha me tvaṃ, ānanda, pānīyaṃ āhara; pipāsitosmi, ānanda, pivissāmī”ti.

Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “idāni, bhante, pañcamattāni sakaṭasatāni atikkantāni. Taṃ cakkacchinnaṃ udakaṃ parittaṃ luḷitaṃ āvilaṃ sandati. Ayaṃ, bhante, kukuṭṭhā [kakutthā (sī.), kukuṭā (syā.), kakudhā (dī. ni. 2.191)] nadī avidūre acchodakā sātodakā sītodakā setodakā supatitthā ramaṇīyā. Ettha bhagavā pānīyañca pivissati gattāni ca sītīkarissatī”ti [sītiṃ karissatīti (sī.), sītaṃ karissatīti (syā. pī. ka.)].

Dutiyampi kho ... pe ... tatiyampi kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “iṅgha me tvaṃ, ānanda, pānīyaṃ āhara; pipāsitosmi, ānanda, pivissāmī”ti. “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissutvā pattaṃ gahetvā yena sā nadī tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho sā nadī cakkacchinnā parittā luḷitā āvilā sandamānā āyasmante ānande upasaṅkamante acchā vippasannā anāvilā sandati.

Atha kho āyasmato ānandassa etadahosi – “acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā! Ayañhi sā nadī cakkacchinnā parittā luḷitā āvilā sandamānā mayi upasaṅkamante acchā vippasannā anāvilā sandatī”ti!! Pattena pānīyaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante, tathāgatassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā! Ayañhi sā, bhante, nadī cakkacchinnā parittā luḷitā āvilā sandamānā mayi upasaṅkamante acchā vippasannā anāvilā sandati!! Pivatu bhagavā pānīyaṃ, pivatu sugato pānīya”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā pānīyaṃ apāyi [apāsi (sī.)]. Atha kho bhagavā mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena kukuṭṭhā nadī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā kukuṭṭhaṃ nadiṃ ajjhogāhetvā nhatvā ca pivitvā ca paccuttaritvā yena ambavanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ cundakaṃ āmantesi – “iṅgha me tvaṃ, cundaka, catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpehi; kilantosmi, cundaka, nipajjissāmī”ti . “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā cundako bhagavato paṭissutvā catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpesi. Atha kho bhagavā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappesi pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā. Āyasmā pana cundako tattheva bhagavato purato nisīdi.

V89 “Gantvāna buddho nadikaṃ kukuṭṭhaṃ,

Acchodakaṃ sātudakaṃ [sātodakaṃ (sabbattha)] vippasannaṃ;

Ogāhi satthā sukilantarūpo,

Tathāgato appaṭimodha loke.

V90 “Nhatvā ca pivitvā cudatāri [nhatvā ca uttari (ka.)] satthā,

Purakkhato bhikkhugaṇassa majjhe;

Satthā pavattā bhagavā idha dhamme,

Upāgami ambavanaṃ mahesi;

Āmantayi cundakaṃ nāma bhikkhuṃ,

Catugguṇaṃ santhara [patthara (sī. pī.)] me nipajjaṃ.

V91 “So codito bhāvitattena cundo,

Catugguṇaṃ santhari [patthari (sī. pī.)] khippameva;

Nipajji satthā sukilantarūpo,

Cundopi tattha pamukhe nisīdī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – “siyā kho, panānanda, cundassa kammāraputtassa koci vippaṭisāraṃ upadaheyya – ‘tassa te, āvuso cunda, alābhā, tassa te dulladdhaṃ yassa te tathāgato pacchimaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā parinibbuto’ti. Cundassānanda, kammāraputtassa evaṃ vippaṭisāro paṭivinodetabbo –

“‘Tassa te, āvuso cunda, lābhā, tassa te suladdhaṃ yassa te tathāgato pacchimaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā parinibbuto. Sammukhā metaṃ, āvuso cunda, bhagavato sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ – dveme piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samasamavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṃsatarā ca. Katame dve? Yañca piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñjitvā anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati. Ime dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samasamavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṃsatarā ca.

“‘Āyusaṃvattanikaṃ āyasmatā cundena kammāraputtena kammaṃ upacitaṃ, vaṇṇasaṃvattanikaṃ āyasmatā cundena kammāraputtena kammaṃ upacitaṃ, sukhasaṃvattanikaṃ āyasmatā cundena kammāraputtena kammaṃ upacitaṃ, saggasaṃvattanikaṃ āyasmatā cundena kammāraputtena kammaṃ upacitaṃ, yasasaṃvattanikaṃ āyasmatā cundena kammāraputtena kammaṃ upacitaṃ, ādhipateyyasaṃvattanikaṃ āyasmatā cundena kammāraputtena kammaṃ upacita’nti. Cundassānanda, kammāraputtassa evaṃ vippaṭisāro paṭivinodetabbo”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V92 “Dadato puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati,

Saṃyamato veraṃ na cīyati;

Kusalo ca jahāti pāpakaṃ,

Rāgadosamohakkhayā sanibbuto”ti [parinibbutoti (sī. syā. pī.)]. pañcamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One, walking in the Malla [republic] together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha, arrived at Pāvā. There the Blessed One dwelt in Cunda Kammāraputta’s mango forest.

Cunda Kammāraputta heard – “The Blessed One, it is said, walking in the Malla together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha, having reached Pāvā, is dwelling in Pāvā in my mango forest”. Then Cunda Kammāraputta approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Cunda Kammāraputta sitting on one side was instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by the Blessed One with a Dhamma talk. Then Cunda Kammāraputta, who was instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened by the Blessed One with a Dhamma talk, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, please accept tomorrow’s meal together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. The Blessed One accepted silently.

Then Cunda Kammāraputta, having known that the Blessed One had accepted, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, left. Then Cunda Kammāraputta, at the ending of that night, having prepared excellent eatables and chewables along with much Sūkaramaddava at his own residence, had the Blessed One informed – “It is time, Venerable Sir, meal is ready”.

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe, together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, approached where Cunda Kammāraputta’s residence was; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Having sat down the Blessed One invited Cunda Kammāraputta – “Cunda, serve me with the Sūkaramaddava you have prepared, serve the Bhikkhu Saṅgha with whatever other eatables and chewables you have prepared”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Cunda Kammāraputta, having heard the Blessed One, served the Blessed One with the Sūkaramaddava that was prepared; and served the Bhikkhu Saṅgha with whatever other eatables and chewables that were prepared. [154]

Then the Blessed One invited Cunda Kammāraputta – “Throw the left-overs of the Sūkaramaddava in the [garbage] pit. Cunda, I do not see anyone in this world including deva world, with Māra, with Brahma, with renunciates and brāhmaṇā, with its generation, with devā and humans, who can have a good result after eating it, other than the Tathāgata”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Cunda Kammāraputta, having heard the Blessed One, having thrown the left-overs of the Sūkaramaddava in the [garbage] pit, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. The Blessed One, having instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened Cunda Kammāraputta sitting on one side with a Dhamma talk, rising up from the seat he left. [155]

Then after having eaten the meal of Cunda Kammāraputta, the Blessed One had severe troubles. Bloody diarrhea and very strong, deadly feelings were felt. There the Blessed One endured it mindfully, clearly knowing, unoppressed. Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Ānanda, let’s approach where Kusinārā is”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” said Venerable Ānanda, having heard the Blessed One.

T87 “Having eaten Cunda Kammāraputta’s meal, I have heard;

Troubles contacted the Patient One, very strong and deadly.

T88 “Having eaten Sūkaramaddava, very strong sickness arose for the Teacher;

Having purged Blessed One spoke, ‘I will go to Kusināra City’ “.

Then the Blessed One, getting off the path, approached where there was a tree-root; having approached he invited Venerable Ānanda – “Come, please spread a four-fold outer double-robe for me, Ānanda; I am exhausted Ānanda, I want to sit”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus, having heard the Blessed One, Venerable Ānanda spread the four-fold outer double-robe. The Blessed One sat-down on the seat that was made [for him]. Sitting the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Come, bring me some water Ānanda; I am thirsty, I want to drink [water]”.

Spoken to thus, Venerable Ānanda addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, five hundred carts have just passed. Churned by their wheels there is [only a] little disturbed, agitated water flowing. Not far from here, Kukuṭṭhā river has clear, pure, cool, white water in a delightful setting. There the Blessed One can drink water as well as cool his limbs [bathe]”.

Second time too ... same ... Third time too the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Come, bring me some water Ānanda; I am thirsty, I want to drink [water]”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus Venerable Ānanda, having heard the Blessed One, having taken a bowl approached where that river was. Then that river, which was churned by [cart] wheels and had [only a] little disturbed, agitated water flowing, upon the approach of Venerable Ānanda, started flowing with water – clear, calm, unagitated.

Then it occurred to Venerable Ānanda – “Marvelous it is, good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir; the supernormal powers, the great powers, of the Tathāgata! Upon my approach this river, which was churned by the [cart] wheels and had [only a] little agitated water flowing; started flowing with water – clear, calm, unagitated”!! Taking water by the bowl he approached where the Blessed One was, having approached he addressed the Blessed One thus – “Marvelous it is, good sir, unparalleled it is, good sir; the supernormal powers, the great powers, of the Tathāgata! Upon my approach this river, which was churned by the [cart] wheels and had [only a] little agitated water flowing; started flowing with water – clear, calm, unagitated!! May the Blessed One drink the water, may the Well-Gone One drink the water”.

Then the Blessed One drank the water. Then the Blessed One together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha, approached the Kukuṭṭhā river; having approached the Kukuṭṭhā river, the Blessed One entered and bathed, drank water, and getting out approached where the mango forest was. Having approached the mango forest, the Blessed One invited Venerable Cundaka – “Come, please spread a four-fold outer double-robe for me, Cundaka; I am exhausted Cundaka, I want to lie-down”. “May it be so, Venerable Sir” saying thus, having heard the Blessed One, Venerable Cundaka spread the four-fold outer double-robe. Then the Blessed One lay-down on [his] right side in the lion pose, with one foot atop the other, mindful and clearly comprehending, having decided mentally when to get up. Venerable Cundaka sat down in front of the Blessed One.

T89 “The Buddha having gone to the Kukuṭṭhā river,

Which had clear, pure and calm water;

Plunged-in, the very-tired Teacher,

Tathāgata, without a counterpart in this world.

T90 “Having bathed and drunk water too,

Surrounded and in the middle of the Bhikkhu assembly;

The Teacher, Expounder of Dhamma, the Blessed One,

[Then] Entered the mango forest the Great Sage;

He invited the bhikkhu named Cundaka,

To spread the four-fold spread for him to lie-down. [156]

T91 “Cunda, thus urged by the Developed One,

Spread the four-fold spread quickly;

The very-tired Teacher lay-down,

Cunda too sat down in front of him”.

Then the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda – “Ānanda, should any remorse be caused to Cunda Kammāraputta [by anyone] – ‘It is a great loss for you friend Cunda, it is not well-gained, that after eating the meal provided by you, Tathāgata attained complete liberation’. Ānanda, Cunda Kammāraputta’s thus arisen remorse should be banished thus –

“ ‘It is a great gain for you friend Cunda, it is well-gained, that after eating the meal provided by you, Tathāgata attained complete liberation. I heard this, I received this, friend Cunda, in the presence of the Blessed One – these two alms-giving are of right fruit, right result, surpassing other alms-giving, of great fruit and great benefit. Which two? The alms-food having eaten which the Tathāgata fully penetrates to the unsurpassed right self-enlightenment, and the alms-food having eaten which the Tathāgata attains complete liberation in the Nibbāna element without residue of possessions. These two alms-giving are of right fruit, right result, surpassing other alms-giving, of great fruit and great benefit.

“ ‘Merits conducive to long life are accumulated by Venerable Cunda Kammāraputta, merits conducive to good class are accumulated by Venerable Cunda Kammāraputta, merits conducive to happiness are accumulated by Venerable Cunda Kammāraputta, merits conducive to heavens are accumulated by Venerable Cunda Kammāraputta, merits conducive to reputation are accumulated by Venerable Cunda Kammāraputta, merits conducive to rulership are accumulated by Venerable Cunda Kammāraputta’. Ānanda, Cunda Kammāraputta’s remorse should be banished thus”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T92 “Giving increases the merits,

Self-controlled one doesn’t heap-up enmity;

The wholesome one abandons evil,

He is self-liberated with the ending of lust-hate-delusion”. Fifth. [157]

8.6 (76) Pāṭaligāmiyasuttaṃ – People of Pāṭaligāma Sutta [158]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena pāṭaligāmo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho pāṭaligāmiyā [pāṭaligāmikā (dī. ni. 2.148)] upāsakā – “bhagavā kira magadhesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pāṭaligāmaṃ anuppatto”ti. Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā āvasathāgāra”nti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yenāvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ āvasathāgāraṃ santharitvā āsanāni paññāpetvā udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā telappadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “sabbasantharisanthataṃ [sabbasanthariṃ santhataṃ (sī. syā. pī.)], bhante, āvasathāgāraṃ; āsanāni paññattāni; udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito [udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpitaṃ (syā.)] telappadīpo āropito. Yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena āvasathāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Pāṭaligāmiyāpi kho upāsakā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmiye upāsake āmantesi –

“Pañcime, gahapatayo, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahatiṃ bhogajāniṃ nigacchati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṃ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto. Ayaṃ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

“Pañcime, gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Katame pañca? Idha, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṃ mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigacchati. Ayaṃ paṭhamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṃ dutiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṃ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṃ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṃ, yadi gahapatiparisaṃ, yadi samaṇaparisaṃ – visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto. Ayaṃ tatiyo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti. Ayaṃ catuttho ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

“Puna caparaṃ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ pañcamo ānisaṃso sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyā”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmiye upāsake bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samutejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uyyojesi – “abhikkantā kho, gahapatayo, ratti; yassadāni tumhe kālaṃ maññathā”ti. [“evaṃ bhante”ti khopāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato paṭissutvā (mahāva. 285; dī. ni. 2.151)] Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā [“evaṃ bhante”ti khopāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato paṭissutvā (mahāva. 285; dī. ni. 2.151)] uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmiyesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṃ pāvisi.

Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā [sunīdhavassakārā (sī. syā. pī.)] magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā devatāyo sahassasahasseva [sahasseva (syā. ka.), sahassasseva (pī.)] pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhanti. Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ.

Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā paccūsasamaye paccuṭṭhāya āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi –

“Ke nu kho [ko nu kho (sabbattha)] ānanda pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpentī”ti [māpetīti (sabbattha)]. “Sunidhavassakārā, bhante, magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāyā”ti. “Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devehi tāvatiṃsehi saddhiṃ mantetvā; evameva kho, ānanda, sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṃ māpenti vajjīnaṃ paṭibāhāya. Idhāhaṃ, ānanda, addasaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṃ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti mahesakkhānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti majjhimānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yasmiṃ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti nīcānaṃ tattha raññaṃ rājamahāmattānaṃ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṃ. Yāvatā, ānanda, ariyaṃ āyatanaṃ yāvatā vaṇippatho idaṃ agganagaraṃ bhavissati pāṭaliputtaṃ puṭabhedanaṃ. Pāṭaliputtassa kho, ānanda, tayo antarāyā bhavissanti – aggito vā udakato vā mithubhedato vā”ti.

Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sārāṇiyaṃ [sārāṇīyaṃ (sī. syā. kaṃ. pī.)] vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – “adhivāsetu no bhavaṃ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā yena sako āvasatho tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sake āvasathe paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesuṃ – “kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena sunidhavassakārānaṃ magadhamahāmattānaṃ āvasatho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesuṃ sampavāresuṃ.

Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte bhagavā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –

V93 “Yasmiṃ padese kappeti, vāsaṃ paṇḍitajātiyo;

Sīlavantettha bhojetvā, saññate brahmacārayo [brahmacārino (syā.), brahmacariye (pī. ka.)].

V94 “Yā tattha devatā āsuṃ, tāsaṃ dakkhiṇamādise;

Tā pūjitā pūjayanti, mānitā mānayanti naṃ.

V95 “Tato naṃ anukampanti, mātā puttaṃva orasaṃ;

Devatānukampito poso, sadā bhadrāni passatī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā sunidhavassakārānaṃ magadhamahāmattānaṃ imāhi gāthāhi anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti – “yenajja samaṇo gotamo dvārena nikkhamissati taṃ ‘gotamadvāraṃ’ nāma bhavissati. Yena titthena gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ tarissati taṃ ‘gotamatitthaṃ’ nāma bhavissatī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā yena dvārena nikkhami taṃ ‘gotamadvāraṃ’ nāma ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā yena gaṅgā nadī tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena gaṅgā nadī pūrā hoti samatittikā kākapeyyā. Appekacce manussā nāvaṃ pariyesanti, appekacce uḷumpaṃ pariyesanti, appekacce kullaṃ bandhanti apārā pāraṃ gantukāmā. Atha kho bhagavā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – gaṅgāya nadiyā orimatīre [orimatīrā (bahūsu) mahāva. 286; dī. ni. 2.154 passitabbaṃ)] antarahito pārimatīre paccuṭṭhāsi saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena.

Addasā kho bhagavā te manusse appekacce nāvaṃ pariyesante, appekacce uḷumpaṃ pariyesante, appekacce kullaṃ bandhante apārā pāraṃ gantukāme.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V96 “Ye taranti aṇṇavaṃ saraṃ,

Setuṃ katvāna visajja pallalāni;

Kullañhi jano pabandhati [bandhati (syā. pī.)],

Tiṇṇā [nitiṇṇā (ka.)] medhāvino janā”ti. chaṭṭhaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One, walking in the Magadha [republic] together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha, arrived at Pāṭaligāma. The lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma heard – “The Blessed One, it is said, walking in the Magadha together with a large Bhikkhu Saṅgha, has reached Pāṭaligāma”. Then the lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they sat down on one side. Sitting on one side they addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, please accept our rest house [for your stay]”. The Blessed One accepted silently.

Then the lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma, having known the Blessed One’s acceptance, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, approached where the rest house was; having approached they spread the rest house with cloth spreads, made seats, established a waterpot, and placed a lighted oil-lamp; they then approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they stood on one side. Standing on one side they addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, we have spread the cloth spreads in the rest house; seats are prepared; waterpot has been established; and a lighted oil-lamp has been placed. Venerable Sir, the Blessed One may do what he thinks timely here”.

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe, together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha, having approached and washed feet, entered the rest house and sat-down supported by the central column facing east. Bhikkhu Saṅgha too having washed feet, entered the rest house and sat-down supported by the western wall facing the east, surrounding the Blessed One. Lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma too having washed feet, entered the rest house and sat-down supported by the eastern wall facing the west, surrounding the Blessed One. Then the Blessed One invited the lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma –

“These are these five dangers, householders, for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues. What five? Here, householders, one unvirtuous, unendowed with virtues because of heedlessness, undergoes a great loss of pleasures. This is the first danger for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, for one unvirtuous, unendowed with virtues; evil reputation spreads. This is the second danger for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, one unvirtuous, unendowed with virtues; whatever assembly he approaches– whether assembly of Khattiyā, assembly of Brāhmaṇā, assembly of Householders, assembly of Renunciates – he approaches as non-expert and troubled. This is the third danger for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, one unvirtuous, unendowed with virtues dies confused. This is the fourth danger for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, one unvirtuous, unendowed with virtues; on the breakup of body, after death arises in a state of woe, bad destination, lower realm, hell. This is the fifth danger for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues. These are the five dangers, householders, for one unvirtuous, one unendowed with virtues.

“These are the five benefits, householders, for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues. What five? Here, householders, one virtuous, endowed with virtues because of heedfulness, enters upon a great aggregate of pleasures. This is the first benefit for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues; good reputation spreads. This is the second benefit for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, one virtuous, one endowed with virtues; whatever assembly he approaches– whether assembly of Khattiyā, assembly of Brāhmaṇā, assembly of Householders, assembly of Renunciates – he approaches as expert and untroubled. This is the third benefit for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, one virtuous, one endowed with virtues dies unconfused. This is the fourth benefit for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues.

“Again, householders, one virtuous, one endowed with virtues; on the breakup of body, after death arises in a good destination, heaven world. This is the fifth benefit for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues. These are the five benefits, householders, for one virtuous, one endowed with virtues”.

Then the Blessed One having instructed, roused, inspired, and gladdened the lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma with a Dhamma talk most of the night, dismissed them – “The night has advanced, householders, you may do what you think timely here”. Then the lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma, pleased with and rejoicing in what the Blessed One had said; rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, left. Then the Blessed One, not long after the lay devotees of Pāṭaligāma had left, entered an empty room.

At that time, Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, were measuring [planning] a city in Pāṭaligāma to repel the Vajjīan Federation. At that time many devatā, thousands of them, were acquiring residences in Pāṭaligāma. In the areas where great devatā were acquiring residences, that’s where king’s great ministers were inclined to plan their palaces. In the areas where middling devatā were acquiring residences, that’s where king’s middling ministers were inclined to plan their palaces. In the areas where lower devatā were acquiring residences, that’s where king’s lower ministers were inclined to plan their palaces. [159]

The Blessed One saw with divine eye, purified and transcending human eye, those devatā, thousands of them, acquiring residences in Pāṭaligāma. In the areas where great devatā were acquiring residences, that’s where king’s great ministers were inclined to plan their palaces. In the areas where middling devatā were acquiring residences, that’s where king’s middling ministers were inclined to plan their palaces. In the areas where lower devatā were acquiring residences, that’s where king’s lower ministers were inclined to plan their palaces. Then getting-up at the dawn time, the Blessed One invited Venerable Ānanda –

“Ānanda, who is planning a city at Pāṭaligāma”? “Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, are planning a city in Pāṭaligāma to repel the Vajjīan Federation”. “Ānanda, just as if having counselled with the devā of the Tāvatiṃsa [heaven] like that, Ānanda, Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, are planning a city in Pāṭaligāma to repel the Vajjīan Federation. Ānanda, I saw here with divine eye, purified and transcending human eye, many devatā, thousands of them, acquiring residences in Pāṭaligāma. In the areas where great devatā are acquiring residences, that’s where king’s great ministers are inclined to plan their palaces. In the areas where middling devatā are acquiring residences, that’s where king’s middling ministers are inclined to plan their palaces. In the areas where lower devatā are acquiring residences, that’s where king’s lower ministers are inclined to plan their palaces. Ānanda, as far as the noble realm extends, among all trade-towns this will be the foremost city, Pāṭaliputta the mercantile-hub. Ānanda, Pāṭaliputta will have three dangers – from fire, water, and schisms”. [160]

Then Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of the Magadha, approached where the Blessed One was; having approached they were friendly to the Blessed One. Having engaged in friendly conversation, they stood on one side. Standing on one side Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of the Magadha, addressed the Blessed One thus – “Please accept, Sir Gotama, today’s meal together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha”. The Blessed One accepted silently. [161]

Then Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, having known that the Blessed One had accepted, approached their own residences; having approached their own residences, having prepared excellent eatables and chewables, had the Blessed One informed – “It is time, Sir Gotama, meal is ready”.

Then the Blessed One, having dressed and taking alms-bowl and robe, together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha approached the residences of Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha; having approached he sat-down on a seat that was made [for him]. Then Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, served the Bhikkhu Saṅgha headed by Lord Buddha with excellent chewables and eatables with their own hands and satisfied and gratified them.

Then Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, after the Blessed One had eaten and removed his hand from the alms-bowl, took some low seat and sat down on one side. The Blessed One rejoiced Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, with these verses –

T93 “The area in which dwells, one who is born wise;

Virtuous one should feed, self-controlled farers of holy-life.

T94 “Whatever devatā are there, they should be made an offering;

When worshipped they will worship, when revered they will revere.

T95 “They will be compassionate, like a mother for her own son;

One for whom devatā are compassionate, he always sees the good”.

Then the Blessed One, having rejoiced Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, with these verses, rising up from the seat he left.

At that time, Sunidha and Vassakārā, the great ministers of Magadha, closely followed the Blessed One [thinking] – “The gate by which renunciate Gotama leaves today will be named ‘Gotama Gate’. The ford by which he crosses the Gaṅgā river will be named ‘Gotama Ghat’ “.

Then the gate by which the Blessed One left was named ‘Gotama Gate’. Then the Blessed One approached where the Gaṅgā river was. At that time, Gaṅgā river was full to the brim, so that a crow can drink. Some people were searching for boat, some people were searching for pontoon, some people were tying raft, desirous of going from near-shore to the far-shore. Then the Blessed One – just as if a strong man would quickly open the closed arm, or close the open arm, like that – disappeared from the near-shore of Gaṅgā river and reappeared on the far-shore together with the Bhikkhu Saṅgha.

The Blessed One saw some people searching for boat, some people searching for pontoon, some people tying raft, desirous of going from near-shore to the far-shore.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T96 “Those who cross sea and lake,

Having made a bridge, leaving the ponds [behind];

[While] People are tying rafts,

The intelligent ones have already crossed”. Sixth.

8.7 (77) Dvidhāpathasuttaṃ – Forked Path Sutta [162]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu addhānamaggapaṭipanno hoti āyasmatā nāgasamālena pacchāsamaṇena. Addasā kho āyasmā nāgasamālo antarāmagge dvidhāpathaṃ [dvedhāpathaṃ (sī.)]. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavā pantho; iminā gacchāmā”ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṃ nāgasamālaṃ etadavoca – “ayaṃ, nāgasamāla, pantho; iminā gacchāmā”ti.

Dutiyampi ... pe ... tatiyampi kho āyasmā nāgasamālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavā pantho; iminā gacchāmā”ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ nāgasamālaṃ etadavoca – “ayaṃ, nāgasamāla, pantho; iminā gacchāmā”ti. Atha kho āyasmā nāgasamālo bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ tattheva chamāyaṃ nikkhipitvā pakkāmi – “idaṃ, bhante, bhagavato pattacīvara”nti.

Atha kho āyasmato nāgasamālassa tena panthena gacchantassa antarāmagge corā nikkhamitvā hatthehi ca pādehi ca ākoṭesuṃ pattañca bhindiṃsu saṅghāṭiñca vipphālesuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā nāgasamālo bhinnena pattena vipphālitāya saṅghāṭiyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā nāgasamālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “idha mayhaṃ, bhante, tena panthena gacchantassa antarāmagge corā nikkhamitvā hatthehi ca pādehi ca ākoṭesuṃ, pattañca bhindiṃsu, saṅghāṭiñca vipphālesu”nti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V97 “Saddhiṃ caramekato vasaṃ,

Misso aññajanena vedagū;

Vidvā pajahāti pāpakaṃ,

Koñco khīrapakova ninnaga”nti. sattamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was walking in the Kosala [republic] on the path with Venerable Nāgasamāla as an attendant. Venerable Nāgasamāla saw the forked path ahead. Having seen he addressed the Blessed One thus [pointing to one of the forked path] – “Venerable Blessed One, this is the path, let’s go on this”. Spoken to thus, the Blessed One addressed the Venerable Nāgasamāla thus [pointing to other of the forked path] – “Nāgasamāla, this is the path, let’s go on this”.

Second time too ... same ... Third time too Venerable Nāgasamāla addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Blessed One, this is the path, let’s go on this”. Spoken to thus, the Blessed One addressed the Venerable Nāgasamāla thus – “Nāgasamāla, this is the path, let’s go on this”. Then Venerable Nāgasamāla, having put down the alms-bowl and robe of the Blessed One right there on the ground, left [saying] – “Venerable Sir, these are the alms-bowl and robe of the Blessed One”.

Then while Venerable Nāgasamāla was going by that path, on the path thieves beat him with hands and feet, broke his alms-bowl, and tore his outer double-robe too. Then Venerable Nāgasamāla with broken alms-bowl and torn outer double-robe approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Nāgasamāla addressed the Blessed One thus – “Here Venerable Sir, while I was going by that path, on the path thieves beat me with hands and feet, broke my alms-bowl, and tore my outer double-robe too”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T97 “Walking and dwelling together,

Wise one must mix with other people;

Knowing, he abandons evil-doers,

Like a Swan drinking milk from the river”. Seventh. [163]

8.8 (78) Visākhāsuttaṃ – Visākhā Sutta [164]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Tena kho pana samayena visākhāya migāramātuyā nattā kālaṅkatā hoti piyā manāpā. Atha kho visākhā migāramātā allavatthā allakesā divā divassa yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ bhagavā etadavoca –

“Handa kuto nu tvaṃ, visākhe, āgacchasi allavatthā allakesā idhūpasaṅkantā divā divassā”ti? “Nattā me, bhante, piyā manāpā kālaṅkatā. Tenāhaṃ allavatthā allakesā idhūpasaṅkantā divā divassā”ti. “Iccheyyāsi tvaṃ, visākhe, yāvatikā [yāvatakā (?)] sāvatthiyā manussā tāvatike [tāvatake (?)] putte ca nattāro cā”ti? “Iccheyyāhaṃ, bhagavā [iccheyyāhaṃ bhante bhagavā (syā.)] yāvatikā sāvatthiyā manussā tāvatike putte ca nattāro cā”ti.

“Kīvabahukā pana, visākhe, sāvatthiyā manussā devasikaṃ kālaṃ karontī”ti? “Dasapi, bhante, sāvatthiyā manussā devasikaṃ kālaṃ karonti; navapi, bhante ... aṭṭhapi, bhante ... sattapi, bhante ... chapi, bhante ... pañcapi, bhante ... cattāropi, bhante ... tīṇipi, bhante ... dvepi, bhante, sāvatthiyā manussā devasikaṃ kālaṃ karonti. Ekopi, bhante, sāvatthiyā manusso devasikaṃ kālaṃ karoti. Avivittā, bhante, sāvatthi manussehi kālaṃ karontehī”ti.

“Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, visākhe, api nu tvaṃ kadāci karahaci anallavatthā vā bhaveyyāsi anallakesā vā”ti? “No hetaṃ, bhante. Alaṃ me, bhante, tāva bahukehi puttehi ca nattārehi cā”ti.

“Yesaṃ kho, visākhe, sataṃ piyāni, sataṃ tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ navuti piyāni, navuti tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ asīti piyāni, asīti tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ sattati piyāni, sattati tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ saṭṭhi piyāni, saṭṭhi tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ paññāsaṃ piyāni, paññāsaṃ tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ cattārīsaṃ piyāni, cattārīsaṃ tesaṃ dukkhāni, yesaṃ tiṃsaṃ piyāni, tiṃsaṃ tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ vīsati piyāni, vīsati tesaṃ dukkhāni, yesaṃ dasa piyāni, dasa tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ nava piyāni, nava tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ aṭṭha piyāni, aṭṭha tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ satta piyāni, satta tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ cha piyāni, cha tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ pañca piyāni, pañca tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ cattāri piyāni, cattāri tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ tīṇi piyāni, tīṇi tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ dve piyāni, dve tesaṃ dukkhāni; yesaṃ ekaṃ piyaṃ, ekaṃ tesaṃ dukkhaṃ; yesaṃ natthi piyaṃ, natthi tesaṃ dukkhaṃ, asokā te virajā anupāyāsāti vadāmī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V98 “Ye keci sokā paridevitā vā,

Dukkhā ca [dukkhā va (aṭṭha.)] lokasmimanekarūpā;

Piyaṃ paṭiccappabhavanti ete,

Piye asante na bhavanti ete.

V99 “Tasmā hi te sukhino vītasokā,

Yesaṃ piyaṃ natthi kuhiñci loke;

Tasmā asokaṃ virajaṃ patthayāno,

Piyaṃ na kayirātha kuhiñci loke”ti. aṭṭhamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Eastern Monastery, Migāra’s-Mother’s Mansion. At that time, Visākhā Migāramātā’s grandson, dear and charming, had done the time [died].

Then Visākhā Migāramātā, with wet clothes and wet hair, in the day time approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, she sat down on one side. Then the Blessed One addressed Visākhā Migāramātā sitting on one side thus –

“Alas! Visākhā, why have you come here in the day time, with wet clothes and wet hair”? “My grandson, dear and charming, has done the time [died]. That’s why I have approached here in the day time, with wet clothes and wet hair”. “Visākhā, do you wish to have as many sons and grandsons as there are people in Sāvatthi”? “I do wish to have as many sons and grandsons as there are people in Sāvatthi, O Blessed One”.

“But how many people die in Sāvatthi everyday, Visākhā”? “Ten people die in Sāvatthi everyday, Blessed One; Nine ... Eight ... Seven ... Six ... Five ... Four ... Three ... Two people die in Sāvatthi everyday, Blessed One. One person dies in Sāvatthi everyday, Blessed One. Sāvatthi is inseparable from people dying”.

“What do you think Visākhā, will you ever be without wet clothes and wet hair”? “Not possible, Venerable Sir. Enough with my having many sons and grandsons”.

“Visākhā, one who has hundred dear ones, hundred are his sufferings; one who has ninety dear ones, ninety are his sufferings; one who has eighty dear ones, eighty are his sufferings; one who has seventy dear ones, seventy are his sufferings; one who has sixty dear ones, sixty are his sufferings; one who has fifty dear ones, fifty are his sufferings; one who has forty dear ones, forty are his sufferings; one who has thirty dear ones, thirty are his sufferings; one who has twenty dear ones, twenty are his sufferings; one who has ten dear ones, ten are his sufferings; one who has nine dear ones, nine are his sufferings; one who has eight dear ones, eight are his sufferings; one who has seven dear ones, seven are his sufferings; one who has six dear ones, six are his sufferings; one who has five dear ones, five are his sufferings; one who has four dear ones, four are his sufferings; one who has three dear ones, three are his sufferings; one who has two dear ones, two are his sufferings; one who has one dear one, one is his suffering; one who has no dear ones, he has no suffering, I call them sorrowless, dustless, despairless.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T98 “Whatever sorrows and lamentations,

Suffering in the world in various forms;

They arise here, dependent on [something] dear,

When there is nothing dear, they don’t arise here.

T99 “Therefore he is happy, sorrowless,

Who has no dear ones in the world;

Therefore aspiring to be sorrowless and dustless,

Don’t have dear ones in the world”. Eighth.

8.9 (79) Paṭhamadabbasuttaṃ – First Dabba (Wise, Able) Sutta [165]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā dabbo mallaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā dabbo mallaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – “parinibbānakālo me dāni, sugatā”ti. “Yassadāni tvaṃ, dabba, kālaṃ maññasī”ti.

Atha kho āyasmā dabbo mallaputto uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā parinibbāyi.

Atha kho āyasmato dabbassa mallaputtassa vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā parinibbutassa sarīrassa jhāyamānassa ḍayhamānassa neva chārikā paññāyittha na masi. Seyyathāpi nāma sappissa vā telassa vā jhāyamānassa ḍayhamānassa neva chārikā paññāyati na masi; evameva āyasmato dabbassa mallaputtassa vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā parinibbutassa sarīrassa jhāyamānassa ḍayhamānassa neva chārikā paññāyittha na masīti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V100 “Abhedi kāyo nirodhi saññā,

Vedanā sītibhaviṃsu [pītidahaṃsu (sī. pī.), sītidahiṃsu (ka.)] sabbā;

Vūpasamiṃsu saṅkhārā,

Viññāṇaṃ atthamāgamā”ti. navamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Rājagaha in Squirrels Sanctuary, Bamboo Forest. Then Venerable Dabba Mallaputta approached where the Blessed One was; having approached and greeted the Blessed One, he sat down on one side. Sitting on one side Venerable Dabba Mallaputta addressed the Blessed One thus – “Here it’s time for my complete liberation, Well-Gone One”. “Dabba, do what you think timely here”.

Then Venerable Dabba Mallaputta, rising up from the seat, having greeted and circumambulated the Blessed One, rose up in the sky, sat-down with crossed legs in the space, entered upon the fire element, emerging from that concentration entered the complete liberation.

Then for Venerable Dabba Mallaputta, who had rose up in the sky, sat-down with crossed legs in the space, entered upon the fire element, emerging from that concentration entered the complete liberation; neither ashes nor soot were seen of his fired-up and burnt body. Just as if for a ghee lamp or an oil lamp, fired-up and burning, neither ashes nor soot are seen; like that for Venerable Dabba Mallaputta, who had rose up in the sky, sat-down with crossed legs in the space, entered upon the fire element, emerging from that concentration entered the complete liberation; neither ashes nor soot were seen of his fired-up and burnt body.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T100 “With break-up of body, with cessation of perceptions,

All feelings became cool;

Formations were appeased,

Consciousness came to end”. Ninth.

8.10 (80) Dutiyadabbasuttaṃ – Second Dabba (Wise, Able) Sutta [166]

Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – “bhikkhavo”ti. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –

“Dabbassa, bhikkhave, mallaputtassa vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā parinibbutassa sarīrassa jhāyamānassa ḍayhamānassa neva chārikā paññāyittha na masi. Seyyathāpi nāma sappissa vā telassa vā jhāyamānassa ḍayhamānassa neva chārikā paññāyati na masi; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dabbassa mallaputtassa vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā parinibbutassa sarīrassa jhāyamānassa ḍayhamānassa neva chārikā paññāyittha na masī”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṃ viditvā tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

V101 “Ayoghanahatasseva, jalato jātavedaso [jātavedassa (syā.)];

Anupubbūpasantassa, yathā na ñāyate gati.

V102 “Evaṃ sammāvimuttānaṃ, kāmabandhoghatārinaṃ;

Paññāpetuṃ gati natthi, pattānaṃ acalaṃ sukha”nti. dasamaṃ;

Thus have I heard – One time the Blessed One was dwelling in Sāvatthi in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest. There the Blessed One invited the bhikkhus – “Bhikkhus”. “Venerable Sir” said the bhikkhus having heard the Blessed One. Then the Blessed One addressed thus –

“Dabba Mallaputta, who had rose up in the sky, sat-down with crossed legs in the space, entered upon the fire element, emerging from that concentration entered the complete liberation; neither ashes nor soot were seen of his fired-up and burnt body. Just as if for a ghee lamp or an oil lamp, fired-up and burning, neither ashes nor soot are seen; like that for Dabba Mallaputta, who had rose up in the sky, sat-down with crossed legs in the space, entered upon the fire element, emerging from that concentration entered the complete liberation; neither ashes nor soot were seen of his fired-up and burnt body”.

Then the Blessed One, having known the meaning of this, at that time uttered this inspired utterance –

T101 “[The iron bar] hit by a sledge-hammer, blazing with fire,

Gradually cooling, [heat’s] destination is not known.

T102 “Thus one rightly fully-freed, crossed-over the flood and ties of sensual pleasures;

Destination is not seen, of one reached immovable happiness [Nibbāna]”. Tenth.

Pāṭaligāmiyavaggo [pāṭaligāmavaggo (ka.)] aṭṭhamo. – Eighth Section on People of Pāṭaligāma [is finished].

Tassuddānaṃ –

Nibbānā caturo vuttā, cundo pāṭaligāmiyā;

Dvidhāpatho visākhā ca, dabbena saha te dasāti.

Therefore said [contents] –

Four of Nibbānā said, Cunda and people of Pāṭaligāma;

Forked path and Visākhā too, with [two of] Dabba they are ten.

Udāne vaggānamuddānaṃ –

Vaggamidaṃ paṭhamaṃ varabodhi, vaggamidaṃ dutiyaṃ mucalindo;

Nandakavaggavaro tatiyo tu, meghiyavaggavaro ca catuttho.

Pañcamavaggavarantidha soṇo, chaṭṭhamavaggavaranti jaccandho [chaṭṭhamavaggavaraṃ tu tamandho (sī. ka.)];

Sattamavaggavaranti ca cūḷo, pāṭaligāmiyamaṭṭhamavaggo [pāṭaligāmiyavaraṭṭhamavaggo (syā. kaṃ. pī.), pāṭaligāmavaraṭṭhamavaggo (sī. ka.)].

Asītimanūnakasuttavaraṃ, vaggamidaṭṭhakaṃ suvibhattaṃ;

Dassitaṃ cakkhumatā vimalena, addhā hi taṃ udānamitīdamāhu [atthāyetaṃ udānamitimāhu (ka.), saddhā hi taṃ udānantidamāhu (syā. kaṃ pī.)].

First section here is highest Enlightenment, second section here is Mucalinda;

The highest of sections Nandaka is third, the highest of sections Meghiya is fourth.

Fifth section here is Soṇa, sixth section is Born Blind;

The highest of sections Smaller is seventh, People of Pāṭaligāma is eighth section.

Complete with eighty highest suttā, eight are sections here, well-explained;

Instructed by the One with Eyes, the Unsoiled one, truly these are the Udāna. [167]

Udānapāḷi niṭṭhitā. – the Book of Inspired Utterances is finished.

Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists

Three Roots of Evil or Unwholesome (pāpassa mūlāni):

1. Greed (lobha)

2. Hate (dosa)

3. Delusion (moha)

[From ITI 50 Mūla (Root) Sutta and NDB 3.65 Kesaputtiya (Kalāma) Sutta]

Three Taints (tayo āsavā):

1. Taint of Sensuality (kāmāsavo)

2. Taint of Becoming (bhavāsavo)

3. Taint of Ignorance (avijjāsavo)

[From NDB 6.63 Penetrative Sutta]

Knowledges – Three (tisso vijjā) and Six (chaḷabhiññā):

The three knowledges (tisso vijjā) realized, sometimes called the three true knowledges and one who has them is called triple-knowledge bearer (tevijjo), are:

1. recollection of the past lives (pubbenivāsānussati),

2. divine eye to observe the workings of kammā (dibbacakkhu), and

3. knowledge of ending of taints (āsavākhayā ñāñā), also called ending of all fetters (sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo).

[From ITI 99 Tevijja (Triple Knowledge) Sutta]

Besides these, there are three other knowledges – together making up the six higher knowledges (chaḷabhiññā or cha abhiññā):

4. completely understanding the minds of others (cetopariccañāṇaṃ),

5. divine ear (dibbasota), and

6. supernormal powers (iddhī).

An Arahant is defined as one who has at the minimum the āsavākhayā ñāñā (knowledge of ending of taints). She may or may not attain other knowledges, depending on her past determinations and present efforts.

[From CDB 12.70 Susīma Sutta]

Four Noble Truths (cattāri ariyasaccāni):

1. ‘And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of Suffering? Birth is suffering, ageing is suffering, death is suffering, sorrow, lamentation, pain, sadness and distress are suffering. Being attached to the unloved is suffering, being separated from the loved is suffering, not getting what one wants is suffering. In short, the five aggregates of grasping are suffering’.

2. ‘And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering? It is that craving which gives rise to rebirth, bound up with pleasure and lust, finding fresh delight now here, now there: that is to say sensual craving, craving for existence, and craving for non-existence’.

3. ‘And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering? It is the complete fading-away and extinction of this craving, its forsaking and abandonment, liberation from it, detachment from it’.

4. ‘And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Way of Practice Leading to the Cessation of Suffering? It is just this Noble Eightfold Path, namely: Right View, Right Thought; Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood; Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration’.

[From LDB 10.18-21 Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta]

The duties to the Four Noble Truths are explained as:

“Of these Four Noble Truths, bhikkhus, there is a noble truth that is to be fully understood; there is a noble truth that is to be abandoned; there is a noble truth that is to be realized; there is a noble truth that is to be developed”.

[From CDB 56.29 To Be Fully Understood Sutta]

Four Establishments of Mindfulness (cattāro satipaṭṭhānā):

1. “Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells contemplating the body in the body, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure in regard to the world.

2. He dwells contemplating feelings in feelings, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure in regard to the world.

3. He dwells contemplating mind in mind, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure in regard to the world.

4. He dwells contemplating phenomena in phenomena, ardent, clearly comprehending, mindful, having removed covetousness and displeasure in regard to the world”.

[From CDB 47.1 Ambapālī Sutta]

Four Right Strivings or Efforts (cattāro sammappadhānā or sammavāyāmā):

1. Here a bhikkhu awakens zeal for the non-arising of unarisen evil unwholesome states, and he makes effort, arouses energy, exerts his mind, and strives.

2. He awakens zeal for the abandoning of arisen evil unwholesome states, and he makes effort, arouses energy, exerts his mind, and strives.

3. He awakens zeal for the arising of unarisen wholesome states, and he makes effort, arouses energy, exerts his mind, and strives.

4. He awakens zeal for the continuance, non-disappearance, strengthening, increase, and fulfillment by development of arisen wholesome states, and he makes effort, arouses energy, exerts his mind, and strives.

[From MLDB 141.29 Saccavibhanga Sutta]

Four Bases of Supernormal Powers (cattāro iddhipādā):

1. He develops the basis for spiritual power that possesses concentration due to desire and volitional formations of striving (chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ).

2. He develops the basis for spiritual power that possesses concentration due to energy and volitional formations of striving (vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ).

3. He develops the basis for spiritual power that possesses concentration due to mind and volitional formations of striving (cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ).

4. He develops the basis for spiritual power that possesses concentration due to investigation and volitional formations of striving (vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ).

[From CDB 51.1 Apāra (From the Near Shore) Sutta]

Four Levels of Awakening:

There are four levels of awakening, each more exalted than the one before it, culminating in Arahantship. The first level is known as a Stream-enterer, who has broken the three lower fetters of personality view (sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ), clinging to practices [rites and rituals] (sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ), and doubt (vicikicchaṃ) and irreversibly entered the stream of dhamma. A Stream-enterer is assured to be liberated in no more than seven life-times and is also assured not to be reborn in the lower destinations.

The second level is called Once-returner, who will return only once to the human world and make an end of the suffering. She hasn’t broken any additional fetters but has significantly worn down the two lower fetters of lust (kāmacchandaṃ) and ill-will (byāpādaṃ).

The third level is a Non-returner who has broken the remaining two lower fetters of lust (kāmacchandaṃ) and ill-will (byāpādaṃ) that ties one to the sense-sphere (kāmabhavā). She will be reborn in the pure abodes (form-sphere, rūpabhavā), and be liberated there.

The final level is the Arahant who has additionally broken the five higher fetters of lust for both form-sphere and formless sphere (rāgaṃ), conceit (mānaṃ), restlessness (uddhaccaṃ), and ignorance (avijjaṃ), and is liberated here and now with residue. She has no further becoming left and with the end of this life, she will enter Nibbāna without residue.

Four Bonds and Floods (yogā or oghā):

1. Sensuality (kāmayogo)

2. Existence (bhavayogo)

3. Views (diṭṭhiyogo)

4. Ignorance (avijjāyogo)

[From CDB 45.171 Ogha (Floods) Sutta and CDB 45.172 Yoga (Bonds) Sutta]

Five Aggregates (pañca khandhā):

No.	Aggregate	Simile
1	Form (rupa)	Lump of Foam (pheṇapiṇḍaṃ)
2	Feeling (vedanā)	Water Bubble (udakapubbuḷaṃ)
3	Perception (saññā)	Mirage (marīcikā)
4	Volitional Formations (saṅkhārā)	Plantain Trunk (kadalikkhandhaṃ)
5	Consciousness (viññāna)	Magic trick (māyaṃ)

[From CDB 22.95]

First Five Disciples (pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū):

1. Aññāsi Koṇḍañña (Ajnana Kaundinya) (V673-V688)

2. Vappa (Vaspa) (V61)

3. Bhaddiya (Bhadraka)

4. Mahānāma (Mahānāma)

5. Assaji (Asvaki or Asvajit)

The first five disciples were preached the CDB 56.11 Dhammacakkappavattana (Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dhamma) Sutta.

[From CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-6 Pañcavaggiyakathā #18 and #19]

Five Faculties and Five Powers (pañca indriyāni and pañca balāni):

1. Confidence (Saddhā): “And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of faith? Here, bhikkhus, the noble disciple is a person of faith, one who places faith in the enlightenment of the Tathāgata thus: ‘The Blessed One is an arahant, perfectly enlightened, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, fortunate, knower of the world, unsurpassed leader of persons to be tamed, teacher of devas and humans, the Enlightened One, the Blessed One.’

2. Energy (vīriya): “And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of energy? Here, bhikkhus, the noble disciple dwells with energy aroused for the abandoning of unwholesome states and the acquisition of wholesome states; he is strong, firm in exertion, not shirking the responsibility of cultivating wholesome states. This is called the faculty of energy.

3. Mindfulness (sati): “And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of mindfulness? Here, bhikkhus, the noble disciple is mindful, possessing supreme mindfulness and discretion, one who remembers and recollects what was done and said long ago. This is called the faculty of mindfulness.

4. Concentration (samādhi): “And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of concentration? Here, bhikkhus, the noble disciple gains concentration, gains one-pointedness of mind, having made release the object. This is called the faculty of concentration.

5. Wisdom (paññā): “And what, bhikkhus, is the faculty of wisdom? Here, bhikkhus, the noble disciple is wise; he possesses wisdom directed to arising and passing away, which is noble and penetrative, leading to the complete destruction of suffering. This is called the faculty of wisdom”.

[From CDB 48.9 Paṭhamavibhaṅga (Analysis(1)) Sutta and CDB 50.1]

Attachments (saṅgā) – Five and Seven:

1. Five: attachments of lust, hate, delusion, conceit, views (rāgadosamohamānadiṭṭhisaṅgānaṃ).

UD 4 Huṃhuṅka (Conceited) Sutta calls them swellings (ussadā).

2. Seven: attachment to craving, views, conceit, anger, ignorance, defilements, bad conduct (taṇhāsaṅgo, diṭṭhisaṅgo, mānasaṅgo, kodhasaṅgo, avijjāsaṅgo, kilesasaṅgo, duccaritasaṅgo)

[Five from Commentary on THAG V15 and Commentary on UD 4 Huṃhuṅka (Conceited) Sutta, Seven from Commentary on ITI 94 Upaparikkha (Examination) Sutta]

Seven Factors of Enlightenment (satta bojjhaṅgā):

1. mindfulness (sati)

2. discrimination of states (dhammavicaya)

3. energy (vīriya)

4. rapture (pīti)

5. tranquility (passaddhi)

6. concentration (samādhi)

7. equanimity (upekkhā)

[From CDB 46.1 Himavanta (Himālaya) Sutta]

Noble Eightfold Path Or Stream (ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo or sotaṃ):

1. Right View (sammādiṭṭhi)

2. Right Thought (sammāsaṅkappo)

3. Right Speech (sammāvācā)

4. Right Action (sammākammanto)

5. Right Livelihood (sammāājīvo)

6. Right Effort (sammāvāyāmo)

7. Right Mindfulness (sammāsati)

8. Right Concentration (sammāsamādhi)

[From LDB 10.21 Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta]

Ten Fetters (saṃyojanā):

Five lower or gross fetters (orambhāgiya or thūlaṃ saṃyojanaṃ):

1. personality view (sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ)

2. lust (kāmacchandaṃ)

3. ill-will (byāpādaṃ)

4. clinging to rites and rituals (sīlabbataparāmāsaṃ)

5. doubt (vicikicchaṃ)

Five higher or subtle fetters (uddhambhāgiya or aṇuṃ saṃyojanaṃ):

6. lust for becoming in form-sphere (ruparāgaṃ)

7. lust for becoming in formless sphere (aruparāgaṃ)

8. conceit (mānaṃ)

9. restlessness (uddhaccaṃ)

10. ignorance (avijjaṃ)

[From THIG V165 and V167]

Thirteen Austerities (dhutaṅgā):

1. paṃsukūlī

2. piṇḍapātī

3. tecīvarī

4. sapadānacārī

5. ekāsanī

6. pattapiṇḍī

7. khalupacchābhattī

8. āraññiko

9. rukkhamūliko

10. abbhokāsī

11. sosāniko

12. yathāsanthatiko

13. nesajjiko

1. wearing cast-off cloth

2. alms-seeker

3. wearing only one set of triple robes

4. bypassing no donors on the alms round

5. eating once a day

6. eating from the bowl

7. refusing food brought afterwards

8. living in jungle

9. living at the foot of a tree

10. living in the open

11. living in a cemetery

12. accepting whatever lodging is assigned

13. always in sitting posture

[From THAG V844-V856. Also at CST Vinaya-Parivārapāḷi-Upālipañcakaṃ-6 Dhutaṅgavaggo]

Destinations (gati) – Two, Three, Four, and Thirty One:

1. Thirty-One: There are a total of thirty-one planes of existence. The lowest plane of existence is hell and the highest is the heaven of “Base of neither-perception-nor-non-perception”.

2. Four: The Four destinations are the four lower or bad destinations (apāya): the hells (niraya), the animal realm (tiracchāna), the domain of ghosts (petā), and host of Asurā (asurā).

3. Three: The Three destinations or becomings are the thirty-one planes of existence divided among the becomings in the sense-sphere (kāmabhavā), the form-sphere (rūpabhavā), and the formless-sphere (arūpabhavā).

4. Two: the Two destinations are simply the thirty-one planes of existence divided in bad destinations (duggati, see the four destinations above) and good destinations (sugati, human realm and upwards including all the heavenly realms). Two destinations (THIG V458) can also mean Human and Divine realms.

Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment

The commentarial tradition states that Lord Buddha spent seven weeks after enlightenment on the bank of the River Nerañjarā at the roots of various trees and/or walking and standing. In fact, the Mahābodhi Temple in Bodhgaya, Bihar, India where Lord Buddha attained self-enlightenment has markers for some of these. All of that not-withstanding, neither the Sutta Piṭaka nor the Vinaya Piṭaka nor both in combination allow us to re-construct these seven weeks. To reconstruct the seven weeks, we must also look at the commentarial tradition.

a. First week Lord Buddha spent at the root of the Bodhi Tree – there are many suttā and Vinaya sections attesting to this (CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā states – Atha kho bhagavā bodhirukkhamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī).

b. Second week Lord Buddha looked at the Bodhi Tree with gratitude. No information in the Sutta Piṭaka or the Vinaya Piṭaka on this week.

c. Third week Lord Buddha walked on the Jeweled walk. No information in the Sutta Piṭaka or the Vinaya Piṭaka on this week.

d. Fourth week Lord Buddha created the Jeweled House. No information in the Sutta Piṭaka or the Vinaya Piṭaka on this week.

e. Fifth week was spent at the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree because we have CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-2 Ajapālakathā stating that Lord Buddha moved from the Bodhi Tree to the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree (Atha kho bhagavā sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā bodhirukkhamūlā yena ajapālanigrodho tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ajapālanigrodhamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī). We also have several suttā that he preached there. So Lord Buddha went to the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree twice – once from the Bodhi Tree at the end of the fourth week and once from the Rājāyatana Tree at the end of the seventh week.

f. Sixth week, Lord Buddha rose up from the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree and went to the Mucalinda Tree (CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-3 Mucalindakathā states – Atha kho bhagavā sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā ajapālanigrodhamūlā yena mucalindo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā mucalindamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī).

g. Seventh week, Lord Buddha rose up from the Mucalinda Tree and went to the Rājāyatana Tree (CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-4 Rājāyatanakathā states – Atha kho bhagavā sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā mucalindamūlā yena rājāyatanaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā rājāyatanamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī).

h. Eighth week, Lord Buddha rose up from the Rājāyatana Tree and went back to the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree (CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-5 Brahmayācanakathā states – Atha kho bhagavā sattāhassa accayena tamhā samādhimhā vuṭṭhahitvā rājāyatanamūlā yena ajapālanigrodho tenupasaṅkami). There is no statement here to the effect that “having approached he sat there cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom” (upasaṅkamitvā ajapālanigrodhamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī). However, there is a statement here that “the Blessed One was dwelling at the root of the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree” (Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā ajapālanigrodhamūle viharati). We don’t know how long Lord Buddha dwelt there but most likely not more than a few days.

Table A2 Seven Weeks of Enlightenment
Week	Where	What was preached (LB and NW assign suttā in different order)
1	Bodhi Tree	1. ** CST DHP V153-V154 2. UD 1 First Enlightenment Sutta 3. UD 2 Second Enlightenment Sutta 4. UD 3 Third Enlightenment Sutta 5. UD 30 World Sutta
2	Animeshlochan Chaitya (Gratefulness to the Bodhi Tree)	No information in the Sutta Piṭaka or the Vinaya Piṭaka. This assignment is based on the commentarial tradition.
3	Jeweled Walkway (walking)	No information in the Sutta Piṭaka or the Vinaya Piṭaka. This assignment is based on the commentarial tradition.
4	Jeweled House	No information in the Sutta Piṭaka or the Vinaya Piṭaka. This assignment is based on the commentarial tradition.
5	Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree	6. UD 4 Conceited Sutta 7. CDB 48.57 Brahmā Sahampati Sutta 8. CDB 47.18 Brahmā Sutta & CDB 47.43 Path Sutta 9. CDB 4.1 Austere Practice Sutta 10. CDB 6.2 Reverence Sutta & NDB 4.21 Uruvela 1 Sutta 11. * CDB 4.24 Seven Years of Pursuit Sutta 12. * CDB 4.25 Māra’s Daughters Sutta 13. CDB 4.2 King Elephant Sutta 14. CDB 4.3 Beautiful Sutta 15. NDB 4.22 Uruvela (2) Sutta 16. LDB 16.3.34-35 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta 17. ** LDB 21.1.6 Sakkapañha Sutta
6	Mucalinda Tree	18. UD 11 Mucalinda Sutta
7	Rājāyatana Tree	19. CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-4 Rājāyatanakathā
8	Back to Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree	20. CDB 6.1 Brahmā’s Request Sutta
After this, Lord Buddha left to roll the Dhamma wheel at Isipatana near Bārāṇasi (current Sarnath near Vārāṇasi). That account is presented in MLDB 26.22-30 Ariyapariyesanā (Noble Search) Sutta.
* NW adds these two suttā here but they are not listed in LB. In the translations of these suttā, NW has “newly self-awakened” which might be based on the Thai recension. CST or CDB does not have “newly self-awakened” in the text but see the endnotes in CDB. Sri Lankan commentarial tradition places these two suttā in the fifth week after enlightenment. ** These suttā are neither in LB nor in NW (CST DHP V153-V154 is listed in NW but not under seven weeks of enlightenment). I have added them here. Commentary on the CST DHP V153-V154 states that these verses occurred to the Blessed One while sitting at the root of the Bodhi Tree, traditionally considered to be the first [unspoken] words of Lord Buddha. CDB 4.2, CDB 4.3, NDB 4.22, LDB 16.3.34-35, and LDB 21.1.6 all have “newly self-awakened” in both CST and respective translations (except CDB 4.3 – see Note on that sutta below).

Selected Suttā Translations with notes:

(1) CST DHP

V153: Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;

Gahakāraṃ [gahakārakaṃ (sī. syā. pī.)] gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.

V154: Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;

Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;

Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā.

T153: Through many births in the round of existence, I have run through, not finding;

Searching for the builder of the house, being born again and again is suffering.

T154: Builder of the house you are seen, you will not build a house again;

All the rib-rafters are broken, the center-pole is destroyed;

Mind is fully freed of formations, end of taints has been attained.

(2) LDB

16.3.34-35 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta

3.34. ‘Ānanda, once I was staying at Uruvelā on the bank of the River Nerañjarā, under the Goatherd’s Banyan-tree, when I had just attained supreme enlightenment. And Māra the Evil One came to me, stood to one side and said: “May the Blessed Lord now attain final Nibbāna, may the Well-Farer now attain final Nibbāna. Now is the time for the Blessed Lord’s final Nibbāna.”

3.35. ‘At this I said to Māra: “Evil One, I will not take final Nibbāna till I have monks and disciples who are accomplished, trained, skilled, learned, knowers of the Dhamma, ... (as verse 7), till I have nuns, laymen-followers, laywomen-followers who will ... teach the Dhamma of wondrous effect. I will not take final Nibbāna till this holy life has been successfully established and flourishes, is widespread, well-known far and wide, well-proclaimed among mankind everywhere.”

21.1.6 Sakkapañha (Questions of Sakka) Sutta

1.6. When he heard this, the Lord said: ′Pañcasikha, the sound of your strings blends so well with your song, and your song with the strings, that neither prevails excessively over the other. When did you compose these verses on the Buddha, the Dhamma, the Arahants, and love?’ ‘Lord, it was when the Blessed Lord was staying on the bank of the River Nerañjarā, under the goatherd’s banyan tree prior to his enlightenment. At that time I fell in love with the lady Bhaddā, bright as the sun, the daughter of King Timbarū of the gandhabbā. But the lady was in love with somebody else. It was Sikhaddi, the son of Mātali the charioteer, whom she favored. And when I found that I could not win the lady by any manner of means, I took my yellow beluva-wood lute and went to the home of King Timbarū of the gandhabbā, and there I sang these verses’.

Note: CST has “Ekamidaṃ, bhante, samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhe paṭhamābhisambuddho”. Unless Mr. Walshe had a different source text, it appears that ‘prior to his enlightenment‘ is a mistranslation of paṭhamābhisambuddho. Mr. Walshe’s endnote #589 would also be resolved if paṭhamābhisambuddho were translated as ‘newly enlightened’.

(3) CDB

4.1 Austere Practice Sutta

Note: CDB endnote 260 on this sutta states “Spk assigns this sutta to the first week after the Buddha’s enlightenment”. This appears to be incorrect since the first week was spent at the foot of the Bodhi Tree, not at the foot of the Goatherd’s Banyan Tree, where this sutta takes place. This sutta should be assigned to the fifth week after the enlightenment.

4.3 Beautiful Sutta

Note: This sutta in CST has following as the first sentence: “Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho” = “Thus have I heard. On one occasion the Blessed One was dwelling at Uruvelā on the bank of the river Nerañjarā at the foot of the Goatherd’s Banyan Tree after being newly self-enlightened”. Hence according to CST, it’s part of the first weeks of the newly enlightened Lord Buddha but not according to CDB. Perhaps CDB was based on a different recension.

4.24 Seven Years of Pursuit Sutta

Note: This sutta in NW has “newly self-awakened” – however, that is not the case with CST or CDB – but see endnotes 316 and 322 in CDB.

4.25 Māra’s Daughters Sutta

Note: This sutta in NW has “newly self-awakened” – however, that is not the case with CST or CDB – but see endnotes 316 and 322 in CDB.

47.18 Brahmā Sutta

47.43 Path Sutta

Same as 47.18 Brahmā Sutta.

(4) CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-4 Rājāyatanakathā

Then, at the end of seven days, having arisen from that concentration at the root of the Mucalinda Tree, the Blessed One approached the Rājāyatana Tree; having approached he sat there cross-legged for seven days experiencing the happiness of full-freedom. At that time traders Tapussa and Bhallikā of Ukkalā were on their way to that area. Then a devatā who was a blood-relative of Tapussa and Bhallikā in a past life spoke thus to the traders Tapussa and Bhallikā – “Venerable Sirs, there is the Blessed one dwelling at the root of the Rājāyatana Tree, newly enlightened; you should go and revere the Blessed One with Sattu (rice-cake) and honey; this will be for your benefit and happiness for a long time to come”. Then the traders Tapussa and Bhallikā taking Sattu (rice-cake) and honey approached where the Blessed One was, having approached and greeted the Blessed One, they stood on one side. Standing on one side traders Tapussa and Bhallikā addressed the Blessed One thus – “Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One accept the Sattu (rice-cake) and honey so that may it conduce for our benefit and happiness for a long time to come”. Then it occurred to the Blessed One thus – “Tathāgatā do not accept [food] in their hands. In what should I accept the Sattu (rice-cake) and honey”? Then the four great kings, knowing the Blessed One’s mental reflection, presented him with four stone bowls from four directions [saying] – “Venerable Sir, may the Blessed One accept the Sattu (rice-cake) and honey in these”. The Blessed One accepted the Sattu (rice-cake) and honey in the new stone bowl, having accepted he ate it. Then the traders Tapussa and Bhallikā having known that the Blessed One no longer had his hand in the bowl [i.e. had finished eating], they fell-down at the feet of the Blessed One and addressed the Blessed One thus – ‘Here Venerable Sir, we go for refuge to the Blessed One and the Dhamma, May the Blessed One consider us lay devotees henceforth, having gone for refuge until we live”. They were the first lay devotees in the world, having gone for refuge to two (Buddha and Dhamma, since Saṅgha didn’t exist yet).

Note: Traders Bhalliya and Tapassu have the distinction of being the “first to go for refuge” (NDB 1.248). Bhalliya Thera became an Arahant (THAG V7) while Tapassu never went-forth and stayed a lay stream-enterer.

Bhalliya Thera:

DPPN : Also known as Bhallika or Bhalluka Thera, he was the younger brother of Tapassu, their father being a caravan leader of Pokkharavatī in Ukkalā. While they were going along with five hundred trading carts, these stopped near the Rājāyatana tree where the Buddha was sitting, eight weeks after his Enlightenment. When they investigated the cause for their carts thus stopping, a deity, their kinsman in a former life, pointed out to them the Buddha and asked them to give him a meal as he had eaten nothing for seven weeks. Not waiting to cook, the merchants gave the Buddha some butter and honey in a bowl provided by the Four Regent Gods. At the end of the meal the Buddha talked to them. They accepted the Buddha and the Dhamma as their Refuge, and obtained from the Buddha a few hairs as an object of worship. Later, when the Buddha was in Rājagaha after the teaching of his First discourse, the merchants visited him and listened to his teaching. Tapassu became a Stream-winner, and Bhallika entered the Order and became an Arahant.

In the past, Bhallika had given fruit to a Pacceka Buddha, named Sumana. He is, perhaps, identical with Vallīkāraphaladāyaka of the Apadāna, but the same Apadāna verses are also given under Bhāradvāja Thera of V177-V178.

During the life of Sikhī Buddha, he was a brahmin of Arunavatī, and hearing that Ujita and Ojita had given the Buddha his first meal, he and his friend invited the Buddha to eat at their house, and resolved to win a similar distinction for themselves in the future. They were herdsmen in the life of Kassapa Buddha, and for many years supplied milk-rice to the Buddha and the monks. The Theragāthā contains a verse spoken by Bhallika when Māra tried to frighten him by assuming a hideous form. It is said that the hair (eight handfuls) given by the Buddha was deposited in a cetiya in Asitañjana and that on fast days blue rays shone from the cetiya.

Note: Where it states “eight weeks after enlightenment” in the first paragraph, it should be understood to be “seven weeks after enlightenment” or “in the eighth week after enlightenment”.

Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism

Sāriputta Thera:

DPPN: Sāriputta Thera (THAG V981-V1016) was the first chief disciple (aggasāvaka) of Gotama Buddha. He is also called Upatissa, which was evidently his personal name. The commentators say that Upatissa was the name of his village and that he was the eldest son of the chief family in the village, but other accounts give his village as Nālaka. His father was the brahmin, Vaṅganta, and his mother, Rūpasārī. It was because of his mother’s name that he came to be called Sāriputta. In Sanskrit texts his name occurs as Śāriputra, Śāliputra, Śārisuta, Śāradvatīputra. In the Apadāna he is also called Sārisambhava.

The name Upatissa is hardly ever mentioned in the books. He had three younger brothers: Cunda Samaṇuddesa (THAG V141-V142), Upasena Vaṅgantaputta (THAG V577-V586), and Revata (THAG V42 and V645-V658 and see below); and three sisters: Cālā (THIG V182-V188), Upacālā (THIG V189-V195), and Sīsūpacālā (THIG V196-V203). All seven brothers-sisters ordained and became arahants.

The story of Sāriputta’s conversion and the account of his past lives, which prepared him for his eminent position as the Buddha’s Chief Disciple, have been given under Mahāmoggallāna (THAG V1149-V1217). Sāriputta had a very quick intuition, and he became a Stream-winner (sotāpanna) immediately after hearing the first two lines of the stanza spoken by Assaji. After his attainment of Stream-winning, Kolita (Moggallāna) wished to go with him to Veḷuvana to see the Buddha, but Sāriputta, always grateful to his teachers, suggested that they should first seek their teacher, Sañjaya Belaṭṭhiputta, to give him the good news and go with him to the Buddha. However, Sañjaya refused to fall in with this plan. Moggallāna attained Arahantship on the seventh day after his ordination, but it was not until a fortnight later that Sāriputta became an Arahant. He was staying, at the time, with the Buddha, in the Sūkarakhatalena in Rājagaha, and he reached his goal as a result of hearing the Buddha teach the MLDB 74 Dīghanakha Sutta (Vedānapariggaha Sutta) to Dīghanakha.

For fuller details, please see the http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/sariputta.html. Also see an excellent bio in GDB.

Mahāmoggallāna Thera:

DPPN: Mahāmoggallāna Thera was the second chief disciple of the Buddha. He was born in Kolitagāma near Rājagaha, on the same day as Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016, they were both older than Lord Buddha), and was called Kolita after his village. His mother was a brahminee called Moggalī (Moggallāni), and his father was the chief, householder of the village. Moggallāna’s and Sāriputta’s families had maintained an unbroken friendship for seven generations, and so the children were friends from their childhood. Sāriputta had five hundred golden palanquins and Moggallāna five hundred carriages drawn by thoroughbreds. One day the two friends went together to see a mime play (giraggasamajjā), and there, realizing the impermanence of things, decided to renounce the world. They first lived as disciples of Sañjaya Belaṭṭhiputta, and then wandered all over Jambudīpa, discussing with all learned men, but finding no satisfaction. Then they separated, after agreeing that whoever first succeeded in finding what they sought should inform the other.

After some time, Sāriputta, wandering about in Rājagaha, met Assaji, was converted by him to the faith of the Buddha, and became a Stream-winner. He found Moggallāna and repeated the stanza he had heard from Assaji (ye dhammā hetuppabhavā, etc.), and Moggallāna also became a Stream-winner. The two then resolved to visit the Buddha at Veḷuvana, after an unsuccessful attempt to persuade Sañjaya to accompany them. Sanjaya’s disciples, however, five hundred in number, agreed to go, and they all arrived at Veḷuvana. The Buddha taught them, and ordained them by the “come monk ordination” (ehi bhikkhu pabbajjā). All became Arahants except Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Moggallāna went to the hamlet of Kallavāla in Magadha, and there, on the seventh day after his ordination, drowsiness overcame him as he sat meditating. The Buddha knew this, and appearing before him, exhorted him to be zealous. That very day he attained Arahantship.

On the day that Sāriputta and Moggallāna were ordained, the Buddha announced in the assembly of monks that he had assigned to them the place of Chief Disciples and then recited the Pāṭimokkha. The monks were offended that newcomers should be shown such great honor. However, the Buddha told them how these two had for an incalculable aeon and one hundred thousand years strenuously exerted themselves to win this great eminence under him. They had made the first resolve in the time of Anomadassī Buddha. Moggallāna had been a householder, named Sirivaḍḍha, and Sāriputta a householder, called Sarada. Sarada gave away his immense wealth and became an ascetic. The Buddha visited him in his hermitage, where Sarada and his seventy-four thousand pupils showed him great honor. Anomadassī’s chief disciple, Nisabha, gave thanks, and Sarada made a vow that he would become the chief disciple of some future Buddha. Anomadassī saw that his wish would be fulfilled and told him so.

After the Buddha’s departure, Sarada went to Sirivaḍḍha, and, announcing the Buddha’s prophecy, advised Sirivaḍḍha to wish for the place of second disciple. Acting on this advice, Sirivaḍḍha made elaborate preparations and entertained the Buddha and his monks for seven days. At the end of that time, he announced his wish to the Buddha, who declared that it would be fulfilled. From that time, the two friends, in that and subsequent births, engaged in good deeds.

Sāriputta and Moggallāna are declared to be the ideal disciples, whose example others should try to follow. In the MLDB 141 Saccavibhaṅga Sutta the Buddha thus distinguishes these “twin brethren” from the others: “Sāriputta is as she who brings forth and Moggallāna is as the nurse of what is brought forth; Sāriputta trains in the fruits of conversion, Moggallāna trains in the highest good. Sāriputta is able to teach and make plain the Four Noble Truths; Moggallāna, on the other hand, teaches by his psychic powers (iddhi pātihāriya). Moggallāna’s pre-eminence lay in his possession of psychic-power (NDB 1.190). He could create a living shape innumerable times and could transfer himself into any shape at will.

For fuller details, please see the http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/maha-moggallana_thera.html. Also see an excellent bio in THAG and GDB.

Mahākassapa Thera:

DPPN: One of the Buddha’s most eminent disciples (THAG V1054-V1093), chief among those who upheld minute observances of form (dhutavādānaṃ, NDB 1.191). He was born in the brahmin village of Mahātittha in Magadha, and was the son of the brahmin Kapila, his mother being Sumanādevī; he himself was called Pippali. When he grew up he refused to marry in spite of the wishes of his parents; but in the end, to escape from their importunities, he agreed to marry if a wife could be found resembling a statue, which he had made. Bhaddā Kāpilānī was found at Sāgala to fulfil these conditions, and though the young people wrote to each other suggesting that somebody else should be found as a match for each, their letters were intercepted and they were married. However, by mutual consent the marriage was not consummated, the two spending the night separated by a chain of flowers. Pippali had immense wealth; he used twelve measures of perfumed powder daily, each measure a Magadha-nāḷī, for his person alone. He had sixty lakes with water works attached, and his workmen occupied fourteen villages, each as large as Anurādhapura. One day he went to a field that was being ploughed and saw the birds eating the worms turned up by the plough. On being told that the fault therein was his, he decided to renounce all his possessions. At the same time, Bhaddā had been watching the crows eating the little insects, which ran about among the sesame seeds that had been put out to dry, and when her attendant women told her that it was her fault for their loss of life, she also determined to renounce the world.

The husband and wife, finding that they were of one accord, took yellow clothes from their wardrobe, cut off each other’s hair, took bowls in their hands, and passed out through their weeping servants, to all of whom they granted their freedom, and departed together, Pippali walking in front. However, soon they agreed that it was not seemly they should walk thus together, as each must prove a hindrance to the other. And so, at the cross-roads, he took the right and she the left and the earth trembled to see such virtue.

The Buddha, sitting in the Gandhakuṭi in Veḷuvana, knew what the earthquake signified, and having walked three quarters of a league, sat down at the foot of the Bahuputtaka Nigrodha, between Rājagaha and Nāḷandā, resplendent in all the glory of a Buddha. Pippali saw the Buddha, and recognizing him at once as his teacher, prostrated himself before him. The Buddha told him to be seated, and, in three homilies, gave him his ordination (CDB 16.11 Robe Sutta).

Together they returned to Rājagaha, Kassapa, who bore on his body seven of the thirty-two marks of a Great Being, following the Buddha. On the way, the Buddha desired to sit at the foot of a tree by the roadside, and Kassapa folded for him his outer robe (pilotikasanghāti) as a seat. The Buddha sat on it and, feeling it with his hand, praised its softness. Kassapa asked him to accept it. “And what would you wear?” inquired the Buddha. Kassapa then begged that he might be given the rag robe worn by the Buddha. “It is faded with use,” said the Buddha, but Kassapa said he would prize it above the whole world and the robes were exchanged. The earth quaked again in recognition of Kassapa’s virtues, for no ordinary being would have been fit to wear the Buddha’s cast off robe. Kassapa, conscious of the great honor, took upon himself the thirteen austere vows (dhutaṅga, see V842-V865 and endnotes thereon) and, after eight days, became an Arahant.

For fuller details, please see the http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/maha-kassapa_thera.html. Also see an excellent bio in THAG and GDB.

Mahākaccāna Thera:

DPPN: Mahākaccāna or Mahākaccāyana Thera (THAG V494-V501) was one of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered chief among expounders in full of the brief saying of the Buddha (saṅkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajantānaṃ, NDB 1.197). He was born at Ujjenī in the family of the chaplain of King Caṇḍappajjota, and was called Kaccāna both because of his golden color and because Kaccāna was the name of his clan (gotta). He studied the Vedas, and, on the death of his father, succeeded him as chaplain. With seven others he visited the Buddha, at the request of Caṇḍappajjota, to invite him to come to Ujjenī. Kaccāna and his friends listened to the Buddha’s discourse, and having attained Arahantship, joined the order. He then conveyed the king’s invitation to the Buddha, who pointed out that it would now suffice if Kaccāna himself returned to Ujjenī.

Kaccāna accordingly set out for Ujjenī with his seven companions, accepting alms on the way at the house of a very poor girl of Telappanāli, who later became Caṇḍappajjota’s queen (A village near Ujjeni. When Mahākaccāna went there on his way to Ujjeni, a poor girl of noble family, seeing him return empty-handed from his alms-round, invited him into her house, cut off her beautiful hair, sent a slave-girl to sell it, and with the price of it gave alms to Kaccāna, keeping herself out of sight. The elder sent for her, and, at the sight of him, her hair grew as before. Caṇḍappajjota, hearing of the incident, sent for her and made her his queen. She gave birth to a son called Gopāla after his maternal grandmother, and his mother thereafter came to be called Gopālamātā).

Arrived in Ujjenī, Kaccāna lived in the royal park, where the king showed him all honor. He taught constantly to the people, and, attracted by his discourses, numerous persons joined the Order, so that the whole city was one blaze of orange robes. It is said that after having duly established the Buddha’s dispensation (sāsana) in Avanti, Kaccāna returned once more to the Buddha (thus, the explanation of the MLDB 18 Madhupiṇḍika (Honeyball) Sutta was given at Kapilavatthu). Caṇḍappajjota consulted him on various occasions, and among the verses attributed to him here are several addressed to the king himself.

It was in the time of Padumuttara Buddha that Kaccāna had made his resolve to win the eminence he did, after listening to Padumuttara’s praise of a monk, also named Kaccāna, for similar proficiency. Kaccāna was then a sorcerer (vijjādhara), and offered the Buddha three kaṇikāra-flowers. However, Theragāthā Commentary says he was a sorcerer in the time of Sumedhā Buddha. In the time of Kassapa Buddha he was a householder of Bārāṇasī, and offered a golden brick, worth one hundred thousand, to the cetiya which was being built over the Buddha’s remains, and then made a vow that in future births his body should be golden.

For fuller details, please see the http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/maha-kaccana.html. Also see an excellent bio in THAG and GDB.

Mahākoṭṭhika Thera:

DPPN: Mahākoṭṭhika, also known as Mahākoṭṭhita Thera (THAG V2), was one of the foremost disciples of the Buddha, ranked foremost among masters of logical analysis (paṭisambhidappattānaṃ, NDB 1.218). He was born into a very wealthy brahmin family of Sāvatthi, his father being Assalāyana and his mother Candavatī.

He gained great proficiency in the Vedas and, after hearing the Buddha teach (his father, says the Apadāna account), entered the Order and, engaging in meditation, soon became an Arahant. He was extremely skilled in analytical knowledge (paṭisambhidā), on which were based all his questions to the Buddha and his own colleagues.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha he was a rich householder, and, hearing the Buddha praise a monk as foremost among those skilled in analytical knowledge, he wished for similar eminence for himself in the future. To this end he visited the Buddha and his monks and entertained them for seven days, giving them three robes each at the conclusion of his almsgiving. Owing to the skill showed by him in the MLDB 43 Mahāvedalla Sutta, the Buddha declared him foremost among those skilled in the Paṭisambhidā (NDB 1.218).

Several instances are given of discussions between Koṭṭhika and other eminent elders – e.g., the Naḷakalāpī Sutta on kamma [CDB 12.67 Sheaves of Reeds], the Sīla Sutta on religious discipline [CDB 22.122 Sīlavanta (Virtuous) Sutta], three suttā on the nature of arising (samudayadhamma), two on satisfaction (assāda) (S.iii.172‑7), two on arising (samudaya) (S.iii.173) and three on ignorance (avijjā) and knowledge (vijjā) (CDB 22.127-132). Another similar sutta is on sense and sense objects (S.iv.162‑5), and there is a series of suttā on matters not revealed by the Buddha (avyākatāni, CDB 44.3-44.6). Mrs. Rhys Davids suggests that all these suttā were compiled rather as “lessons” to be learnt than as genuine inquiries by Koṭṭhika. The pre-eminent monks were “playing” at teacher and pupil in order to aid Koṭṭhika to win proficiency as a teacher. Another such “lesson” is given at NDB 9.13, as to the motives guiding those who live the holy life (brahmacariya).

All these suttā took the form of discussions with Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016), in which Mahākoṭṭhika is the questioner and Sāriputta the instructor. One sutta (S.iv.145‑7) records a “lesson” given by the Buddha to Koṭṭhika on conceptions of impermanence (anicca), unsatisfactoriness (dukkha) and not-self (anattā) [Note: I haven’t been able to locate this].

NDB 3.21 Saviṭṭha Sutta records a discussion at Jetavana between Samiddhi (or Saviṭṭha), Koṭṭhika and Sāriputta, as to who is best: one who has testified to the truth with body, one who has won view, or one released by faith. Another discussion (NDB 4.173 Koṭṭhita Sutta) takes place between Sāriputta and Koṭṭhika as to whether anything continues to exist after the ending of the six spheres of contact (nibbāna). Once there was a dispute between Koṭṭhika and Citta Hatthisāriputta; Citta was constantly interrupting the elder monks who were gathered at Isipatana for the discussion of the Abhidhamma, and was asked by Koṭṭhika to abide his time and not interrupt. Citta’s friends protested that Citta was well qualified to take part in the discussion; but Koṭṭhika declared that, far from being wise enough, Citta would, not long after, renounce the Order. And so it happened (NDB 6.60 Hatthi Sutta). Sāriputta evidently had a great regard for Koṭṭhika; in Theragāthā V1005‑V1007 Sāriputta proclaims his excellence.

Mahākappina Thera:

DPPN: Mahākappina Thera (THAG V547-V556) was one of the most eminent disciples of the Buddha, considered foremost among those who taught the monks (bhikkhu ovādakānaṃ, NDB 1.231). He was older than the Buddha, and was born in a frontier kingdom three hundred leagues in extent, in the city of Kukkuṭavatī. On the death of his father he became king under the name of Mahākappina. His chief wife was Anojā, from Sāgala in the Madda kingdom. She had been his companion in good works in past births. Every morning Mahākappina would send men out of the four gates of the city to stop any scholarly or learned men who might happen to pass along the road, and then to return and tell him of them. He owned five horses: Vāla, Puppha, Vālavāhana, Pupphavāhana, and Supatta. He rode only Supatta, the others were used by his messengers. One day, after the Buddha’s appearance in the world, traders came from Sāvatthi to Kukkuṭavatī and, after disposing of their goods, went to see Mahākappina. He received them and asked them about their country and the teaching (sāsana) which they followed. “Sire,” they replied, “we cannot tell you with unwashed mouths”. A golden jug of water was brought, and with cleansed mouths and clasped hands they told the king of the appearance of the Buddha. At the word “Buddha” Kappina’s body was suffused with rapture. He made them utter the word three times, giving them one hundred thousand pieces. The men told him also of the Dhamma and the Saṅgha, and he trebled his gifts and forthwith renounced the world, followed by his ministers. They set forth to find the Buddha, and reached the bank of a river which they crossed by an “Act of Truth,” saying, “If this teacher be a Sammāsambuddha, let not even a hoof of these horses be wetted”. In this way they crossed three rivers: the Aravacchā, the Nīlavāhinī, and the Candabhāgā. The Buddha perceived them with his divine-eye, and after he had eaten at Sāvatthi, went through the air to the banks of the Candabhāgā (one hundred and twenty leagues) and sat down under the great banyan tree facing the landing stage of the river, sending forth Buddha rays. Kappina and his men saw him and prostrated themselves. The Buddha taught them the Doctrine, and they became Arahants and joined the Order, the formula “Come monk (ehi bhikkhu)” being their sanction and their ordination. However, Visuddhimagga says that at the end of the discourse Kappina became a Non-returner and his followers Stream-winners.

Anojā and the wives of Kappina’s ministers hearing that their husbands had renounced the world and gone to see the Buddha, determined to do likewise. They crossed the river in the same way as Kappina and his retinue, and approached the Buddha as he sat under the banyan tree on the banks of the Candabhāgā. The Buddha made the husbands and wives invisible to each other and taught the latter. They became Stream-winners and were ordained by Uppalavaṇṇā, the Buddha taking the monks to Jetavana. Mahākappina spent his days in the ecstasy of absorption (jhāna), and so full of happiness was he that he constantly repeated “Oh! What bliss! (aho sukhaṃ),” which made the monks suspect that he was longing for the pleasures of kingship which he had left behind, until the Buddha dispelled their doubts.

One day the Buddha discovered that Kappina lived inactively, enjoying his happiness, and that he never taught anybody (Vinaya records that when Kappina was in the Deer Park at Maddakucchi he wondered whether he need attend the uposatha ceremonies, since he himself was pure). The Buddha appeared before him, telling him to go. He sent for him and asked him to teach the Doctrine to his associates. This Kappina did, and at the end of a single discourse one thousand listening recluses became Arahants, hence the title conferred on him.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha, Kappina had registered a vow to become chief among admonishers of monks, having seen a similar honor conferred on a disciple of the Buddha. He was at that time an assessor (akkhadassa) of Haṃsavatī, and having invited the Buddha and his monks entertained them with great honor. In another birth he was a Koliyan, and waited upon five hundred Pacceka Buddhas and gave them robes. They came to Bārāṇasī, but the king, occupied with the ploughing festival, asked them to return on the third day. The wife of the senior weaver of a village nearby heard this and invited the Pacceka Buddhas to her village, where there were one thousand artisans. On the invitation being accepted, she returned quickly to the village, told the people of what she had done, and they all made the necessary preparations, each family looking after one Pacceka Buddha. The Pacceka Buddhas, by their own wish, stayed on for three months, the same woman seeing to all their comforts. At the end of their visit, she persuaded each family to give a set of robes to its own Pacceka Buddha. The senior weaver was Kappina and his wife Anojā.

In the time of Kassapa Buddha, he was the leader of a guild of one thousand men and built a great pariveṇa containing one thousand rooms.

It is said that once Kassapa Buddha was teaching and that all the householders of Bārāṇasī, with their families, went to hear him. Scarcely had they entered the monastery when there was a heavy downpour of rain. Those who had friends among the novices and monks found shelter in their cells, the others were unprotected. The senior householder then suggested that they should build a great monastery so that all might be sheltered in future; the others agreeing, he himself gave one thousand, each of the other men five hundred, and each woman two hundred and fifty. The monastery had one thousand pinnacles, and when money ran short, each gave half as much again. At the dedication ceremony the festival lasted for seven days. The senior householder’s wife, Anojā, offered the Buddha a casket of anoja flowers and placed at his feet a garment of the color of the flowers worth one thousand, and made a wish that in future births her body should be of the color of the anoja flower.

Although Kappina was famed as a teacher of monks, the Theragāthā contains verses in which he admonishes the nuns (bhikkhuniyo).

Kappina is described by the Buddha as pale (? odāta), thin, and having a prominent nose (tanukaṃ tuṅganāsikaṃ, CDB 21.11 Mahākappina Sutta). He possessed great psychic powers and had attained every samāpatti, which could be attained. It was owing to his powers that he was able to follow the Buddha to the Brahma world [CDB 6.5 Aññatarabrahma (A Certain Brahma) Sutta]. See also CDB 54.7 Mahākappina Sutta where he is described as samādhibhāvanīya. It has been remarked (Brethren, p.257 n.2) that the verses attributed to him are, for the most part, more gnomic sayings of popular philosophy than genuine Dhamma, and that they would have befitted an early Greek Pagan. Mrs. Rhys Davids has an interesting theory that Kappina was Assaji’s teacher.

Mahākappina was quite often in the company of Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016), and it is said (THAG V1085-V1089) that once, seeing the profound homage the gods paid to his colleague, he smiled by way of congratulation.

Mahācunda Thera:

DPPN: The books appear to refer to two elders by the name of Cunda, the better known being Mahācunda (THAG V141-V142) and the other Cūḷacunda. However, the legends connected with them are so confused that it is not possible to differentiate clearly one from the other.

Mention is also made of a Cunda Samaṇuddesa whom, however, the Commentaries identify with Mahācunda. Mahācunda is, for instance, described in the Theragāthā Commentary as the younger brother of Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016), under whom he joined the Order, winning Arahantship after arduous and strenuous effort.

In the time of Vipassī Buddha he had been a potter and had given to the Buddha a bowl made of clay. The Apadāna verses quoted in the Theragāthā Commentary are, in the Apadāna itself ascribed to a monk named Ekapattadāyaka. They make no mention whatever of his relationship to Sāriputta. On the other hand, there are to be found elsewhere in the Apadāna certain verses ascribed to a Cunda Thera, which definitely state that he was the son of the brahmin Vaṅganta, and that his mother was Sārī. However, in these verses he is called Cūḷacunda, and mention is made of his previous birth in the time of Siddhattha Buddha, to whom he gave a bouquet of jasmine flowers. As a result he became king of the devas seventy-seven times and was once king of men, by name Dujjaya. It is further stated that he became Arahant while yet a novice (sāmaṇera) and that he waited upon the Buddha and his own brother and other virtuous monks. This account goes on to say that after his brother’s death, Cunda brought his relics in a bowl and presented them to the Buddha, who uttered praises of Sāriputta. This would identify Cūḷacunda with Cunda Samaṇuddesa who, according to the Saṃyuttanikāya (CDB 47.13 Cunda Sutta), attended Sāriputta in his last illness and, after his death, brought to the Buddha at Jetavana Sāriputta’s bowl and outer robe and his relics wrapt in his water-strainer. Therefore if Buddhaghosa is correct in identifying Cunda Samaṇuddesa with Mahācunda, then all three are one and the same. Buddhaghosa says that the monks called him Samanuddesa in his youth before his higher ordination (upasampadā), and he never lost the name.

Cunda Samaṇuddesa was, for some time, the personal attendant of the Buddha and when the Buddha prepared to perform the Twin Miracle, offered to perform a miracle himself and so save the Buddha trouble and exertion. Cunda’s teacher was Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053), and it was to Ānanda that he first brought the news of Sāriputta’s death (see also the LDB 29 Pāsādika Sutta and the MLDB 104 Sāmagāma Sutta, where Cunda brings to Ānanda and then to the Buddha the news of Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta’s death; see also the MLDB 8 Sallekha Sutta). Mahācunda was evidently a disciple of great eminence, and is mentioned by the Buddha in company with the Two Chief Disciples, Mahākassapa (THAG V1054-V1093), Mahākoṭṭhika (THAG V2), Mahākaccāna (THAG V494-V501), and other very eminent Elders.

The Piṭakas contain several discourses [NDB 6.46 Cunda Sutta, NDB 10.24 Cunda Sutta, NDB 10.85 Katthī (The Boaster) Sutta] given to the monks by Mahācunda while residing at Sahajātī among the Cetis, probably after the Buddha’s death. Cunda (or Cundaka as he is called in this context) was with the Buddha in his last journey to Kusinārā, and spread a bed for him in the Mango grove by the Kakutthā River (LDB 16.4.39 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta).

Cunda is mentioned (CDB 35.87 Channa Sutta, MLDB 144 Channovāda Sutta) as having accompanied Sāriputta when he went to see Channa at the Kalandakanivāpa in Rājagaha, just before Channa’s suicide. Once, when the Buddha lay ill in the Kalaṇḍakanivāpa, Cunda visited him and recited the bojjhaṅga paritta. There and then the Buddha’s sickness vanished [CDB 46.16 Ill(3)].

Anuruddha Thera:

DPPN: Anuruddha Thera (THAG V892-V919) was the first cousin of the Buddha and one of his most eminent disciples. He was the son of the Sakyan Amitodana and brother of Mahānāma. When members of other Sakyan families had joined the Order of their distinguished kinsman, Mahānāma was grieved that none had gone forth from his own. He therefore suggested to his brother that one of them should leave household life. Anuruddha was at first reluctant to agree, for he had been reared most delicately and luxuriously, dwelling in a different house for each season, surrounded by dancers and mimes. However, on hearing from Mahānāma of the endless round of household cares he agreed to go. He could not, however, get his mother’s consent until he persuaded his cousin Bhaddiya Kāḷigodhāputta (THAG V842-V865) to go with him. In the second year of the Buddha’s ministry, Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053), Anuruddha (THAG V892-V919), Bhaddiya Kāḷigodhāputta (THAG V842-V865), Bhagu (THAG V271-V274), Kimbila (THAG V118), Devadatta, and their barber Upāli (THAG V249-V251) went forth, and were ordained by the Buddha himself in the Anupiya Mango Grove. Before the rainy season was over Anuruddha acquired the divine-eye (dibbacakkhu) and he was later ranked foremost among those who had obtained this attainment (NDB 1.192).

He then received from Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016), as topic of meditation, the eight thoughts of a great man (list at NDB 8.30). He went into the Pācīnavaṃsadāya Grove in the Ceṭi country to practice these. He mastered seven, but could not learn the eighth. The Buddha, being aware of this, visited him and taught it to him. Thereupon Anuruddha developed insight and realized Arahantship in the highest grade.

Anuruddha appears in the Suttas as an affectionate and loyal comrade bhikkhu, full of affection to his kinsman, the Buddha, who returned his love. In the assembly he stood near the Buddha. When the Buddha, disgusted with the quarrels of the Kosambī monks, went away to seek more congenial surroundings, it was to Pācīnavaṃsadāya Grove that he repaired, where were Anuruddha, Nandiya, and Kimbila.

The MLDB 128 Upakkilesa Sutta, on the sweets of concord and freedom from blemish, seems to have been taught specially to Anuruddha on that occasion, for we are told at the end that he was pleased to have heard it, no mention being made of the other two. And again in the MLDB 68 Naḷakapāna Sutta, though a large number of distinguished monks are present, it is to Anuruddha that the Buddha directly addresses his questions, and it is Anuruddha who answers on behalf of them all. See also the MLDB 31 Cūḷagosiṅga Sutta and the MLDB 32 Mahāgosiṅga Sutta.

Anuruddha was present when the Buddha died at Kusinārā, and knew the exact moment of his death; the verse he uttered on that occasion is thoughtful and shows philosophic calm, in contrast, for example, with that of Ānanda. Anuruddha was foremost in consoling the monks and admonishing them as to their future course of action. It was Anuruddha again that the Mallas of Kusinārā consulted regarding the Buddha’s last obsequies. Later, at the First Council, he played a prominent part and was entrusted with the custody of the Aṅguttaranikāya.

For fuller details, please see the http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/anuruddha.html. Also see an excellent bio in THAG and GDB.

Revata Thera:

DPPN informs us: Revata Khadiravaniya was an Arahant Thera. His verses appear at two places in Theragāthā: V42 and V645-V658. An eminent disciple of the Buddha, declared by him foremost among forest dwellers (araññakānaṃ, NDB 1.203). He was the youngest brother of Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016), and a marriage was arranged for him by his mother who was miserable at seeing her children desert her one after another to join the Order, and wished to keep the youngest at home. He was only seven years old, and, on the wedding day, the relations of both bride and bridegroom showered blessings on the couple and said to the bride: “May you live as long as your grandmother”. Revata asked to see the grandmother, and was shown a woman of one hundred and twenty, decrepit, and showing all the signs of advanced old age. Realizing that his wife would probably share the same fate, he left the bridal procession on some pretext on the way home, and ran away to a place where some monks lived. Sāriputta, foreseeing this, had instructed the monks to ordain his brother without reference to his parents, and, when Revata revealed his identity, the monks at once admitted him into the Order.

When Sāriputta heard this, he wished to visit his brother, but was persuaded by the Buddha to wait. Revata, after waiting a long time for the visit from Sāriputta, obtained from his teachers a formula of meditation and himself set out to see the Buddha. On the way he stopped at an acacia forest (khadiravana) during the rainy season and there won Arahantship. At the end of the rains the Buddha, accompanied by Sāriputta and Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053), with five hundred other monks, started out to visit Revata.

There were two routes leading to the acacia forest, of which the shorter was thirty leagues long, straight, but infested with evil spirits. This the Buddha chose because Sīvalī Thera was in the company of monks, and the Buddha knew that the deities of the forest would provide the monks with all they needed because of Sīvalī’s presence. When Revata knew that the Buddha was approaching, he created, by his magic power, splendid dwellings for him and the monks. The Buddha spent two months in the forest and then returned to the Pubbārāma in Sāvatthi. There he found that Visākhā had heard contradictory accounts of the dwelling erected by Revata for the monks who had accompanied the Buddha. He dispelled Visākhā’s doubts and spoke of Revata’s powers; it was on this occasion that the Buddha related the story of Sīvalī’s past.

One of the stanzas of the Muṇi Sutta (Sn-B V212) was also taught the monks, in connection with Revata. This was immediately after the Buddha’s talk to Visākhā, mentioned above. Sometime later, Revata returned to his native village and brought away with him his three nephews, sons of his three sisters, Cālā, Upacālā, and Sīsūpacālā. Sāriputta heard of this and went to see Revata. Revata exhorted his nephews to be particularly heedful, and Sāriputta expressed his pleasure at their behavior; his admonitory verse is V43; two verses uttered by Sāriputta praising Revata are V991‑V992.

The Theragāthā Commentary mentions another incident that took place during Revata’s old age. He was in the habit of visiting the Buddha and Sāriputta from time to time after returning to his home in the Khadiravana. Once, during a visit to Sāvatthi, he stayed in a forest near the city. The police, on the track of some thieves, came upon him, and, finding him near the booty, which the thieves had dropped in their flight, arrested him and brought him before the king. When the king questioned him, the elder spoke a series of verses, demonstrating the impossibility of his committing such an act, and also by way of teaching the king the Dhamma.

When a lay disciple named Atula went with five hundred others to hear him teach, Revata said that he delighted in solitude and refused to address them, and Atula went away complaining. Revata’s delight in solitude was sometimes misunderstood. Sammuñjanī Thera went about continually sweeping, and seeing Revata sitting cross-legged, thought him an idler. Revata read his thoughts and admonished him.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha, Revata was a boatman at Payāga on the Gaṅgā, and once took the Buddha and his thousand followers across the river in a boat decked with canopies, flowers, etc. On that occasion he heard the Buddha declare one of the monks highest among forest dwellers, and wished for a similar honor for himself under a future Buddha. Later, he was born in deva worlds. Fifty-eight world-cycles ago he was a king named Tārana, and a world-cycle later another king named Campaka.

Nanda Thera:

On Nanda Thera, see Appendix 7.

Ānanda Thera:

DPPN: Ānanda Thera was one of the principal disciples of the Buddha. He was a first cousin of the Buddha and was deeply attached to him. He came to earth from Tusita and was born on the same day as the Bodhisatta, his father being Amitodana the Sakyan, brother of Suddhodana. Mahānāma and Anuruddha were therefore his brothers (or probably step-brothers). In the second year of the Buddha’s ministry, Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053), Anuruddha (THAG V892-V919), Bhaddiya Kāḷigodhāputta (THAG V842-V865), Bhagu (THAG V271-V274), Kimbila (THAG V118), Devadatta (see Appendix 15), and their barber Upāli (THAG V249-V251) went forth, and were ordained by the Buddha himself in the Anupiya Mango Grove, Ānanda’s preceptor (upajjhāya) being Belaṭṭhasīsa (THAG V16). Soon after, he heard a discourse by Puṇṇa Mantāṇiputta (THAG V4) and became a Stream-winner.

For fuller details, please see the http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/ananda.html. Also see an excellent bio in GDB.

Appendix 4: The Cow of Killer Kammā

The Cow of Killer Kammā AKA The Courtesan:

BL Volume 2, V.7 on CST DHP 66: The cow that killed Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera, Pukkusāti Thera, Noble Suppabuddha, and Tambadāṭhika was the same one. In a former state of existence these four youths were sons of wealthy merchants, and the cow was a beautiful courtesan. One day they accompanied her to a pleasure garden, took their pleasure with her, and when the evening came, decided on the following course of action: “There is no one here except ourselves. We will take from this woman the thousand pieces of money we have given her, rob her of all the jewels she possesses, kill her, and go our way.” The courtesan heard what they said and thought to herself: “These shameless fellows have taken their pleasure with me and now wish to kill me. I will get even with them.” So as they were killing her, she made the following Earnest Wish: “May I become an ogress, and may I be able to kill them, even as they are now killing me.” As the fruit of this Earnest Wish, she killed them.

Note: Consider this fact: Bāhiya Thera was killed in Sāvatthi by a cow with a young calf, while Pukkusāti Thera was killed in Rājagaha by a mad cow, Noble Suppabuddha was killed in Rājagaha by a cow with a young calf, and Tambadāṭhika was also killed in Rājagaha. So, to complete her wish and to kill those who had killed her, the Courtesan AKA Cow, likely with a young calf, traversed a distance of 540 KM one way between Sāvatthi and Rājagaha, or over 1000 Km return! Oh, the craving for revenge!!

Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera The Wanderer:

DPPN: An Arahant. He was born in the family of a householder of Bāhiya (Apadāna says in Bhārukaccha) hence his name and engaged himself in trade, voyaging in a ship. Seven times he sailed down the Indus and across the sea and returned safely home. On the eighth occasion, while on his way to Suvaṇṇabhūmi, his ship was wrecked, and he floated ashore on a plank, reaching land near Suppāraka. Having lost all his clothes, he made himself a bark garment, and went about, bowl in hand, for alms in Suppāraka. Men, seeing his garment and struck with his demeanor, paid him great honor. Though they offered him costly robes and many other luxuries, he refused them all and his fame increased. Because of his bark garment he was known as Dārucīriya. In due course he came himself to believe that he had attained Arahantship, but a devatā (a Suddhāvāsa-brahmā, who had been his fellow celibate in the time of Kassapa Buddha) reading his thoughts and wishing him well, pointed out to him his error and advised him to seek the Buddha at Sāvatthi. By the power of the devatā, Bāhiya reached Sāvatthi in one night, a distance of one hundred and twenty leagues, and was told that the Buddha was in the city begging alms. Bāhiya followed him there and begged to be taught something for his salvation. Twice he asked and twice the Buddha refused, saying that it was not the right time for teaching. However, Bāhiya insisted, saying that life was uncertain and that the Buddha or he might die. The Commentaries say that Bāhiya was excited by his meeting with the Buddha and that the Buddha wished to give him time to regain his calm, hence his refusal. The Buddha knew of his impending death and of his potential (upanissaya) for Arahantship. He was one in his final birth (pacchimabhavika).

The Buddha then taught him the proper method of regarding all sense experiences – namely, as experiences and no more. Even as he listened, Bāhiya became an Arahant and the Buddha left him. Shortly after, Bāhiya was gored to death by a cow with calf. Bāhiya met his death while searching for a robe in which to be ordained. The Buddha, seeing his body lying on the dung heap, asked the monks to remove it and to have it burnt, erecting a thūpa over the remains. In the assembly he declared Bāhiya to be foremost among those who instantly comprehended the Truth (khippābhiññānaṃ, NDB 1.216).

Bāhiya’s resolve to attain to this eminence was made in the time of Padumuttara Buddha when he heard the Buddha declare a monk foremost in instantaneous comprehension. In the time of Kassapa Buddha, when the Buddha’s teachings were fading from the minds of men, Bāhiya was one of seven monks who climbed a rock, determined not to leave it until they had attained their goal. Their leader became an Arahant and the second a Non-returner – passing into the Suddhāvāsa world; the rest were reborn in this age as Pukkusāti Thera (see below), Kumārakassapa Thera (THAG V201-202), Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera, Dabba Mallaputta Thera (THAG V5, also see “Appendix 21: Dabba Mallaputta Thera”), and Sabhiya Thera (THAG V275-V278). Although Bāhiya had kept the precepts in previous births, he had never given a bowl or a robe to a monk. For this reason the Buddha did not, at the end of his discourse, ordain him by the “Come bhikkhu” ordination (ehi bhikkhu pabbajā). The Buddha knew that Bāhiya had not sufficient merit to obtain divine robes. Some say that he was once a brigand and had shot a Pacceka Buddha with an arrow and had taken possession of the Pacceka Buddha’s begging bowl and robe.

Pukkusāti Thera The King:

DPPN: A young monk whom the Buddha met at the house of Bhaggava, the potter, in Rājagaha. Pukkusāti was already occupying the guest room of the house, and the Buddha asked to be allowed to share it, to which Pukkusāti readily agreed. They sat together for sometime in silence, and then the Buddha taught the MLDB 140 Dhātuvibhaṅga (Exposition of the Elements) Sutta. Pukkusāti recognized the Buddha at the end of the discourse and begged his forgiveness for not having paid him due honor; he then begged to have the higher ordination (upasampadā) conferred on him. The Buddha consented and sent him to procure a begging bowl and a robe. On the way Pukkusāti was gored to death by a mad cow. When this was reported to the Buddha, he said that Pukkusāti was a Non-returner and had been born in the realms above, never more to return (also see CDB 1.50 Ghaṭīkāra Sutta). In this context Pukkusāti is spoken of as a young man of a good family (kulaputta).

He had been the king of Takkasilā, contemporary of Bimbisāra and of about the same age. A friendly alliance was established between the two kings through the medium of merchants who travelled between the two countries for purposes of trade. In the course of time, although the two kings had never seen each other, there grew up between them a deep bond of affection. Pukkusāti once sent to Bimbisāra, as a gift, eight priceless garments in lacquered caskets. This gift was accepted at a special meeting of the whole court, and Bimbisāra having nothing of a material nature, which he considered precious enough to send to Pukkusāti, conceived the idea of acquainting Pukkusāti with the appearance in the world of the Three Jewels: the Buddha, Dhamma, and Saṅgha. He had inscribed on a golden plate, four cubits long and a span in breadth, descriptions of these Three Jewels and of various tenets of the Buddha’s teachings, such as the Four Foundations of Mindfulness, the Noble Eightfold Path, and the Thirty-seven factors of Enlightenment. This plate was placed in the innermost of several caskets of various precious substances, and was taken in procession on the back of the state elephant up to the frontier of Bimbisāra’s kingdom. Similar honors were paid to it by the chiefs of other territories, through which lay the route to Takkasilā.

Pukkusāti was one of seven monks who, in the time of Kassapa Buddha, decided to abstain from eating until they should attain Arahantship. They lived on the top of a mountain. The senior monk attained Arahantship, the second became an Non-returner, but the remaining five died of starvation and were reborn in Tusita. In this age they became, respectively, Pukkusāti Thera, Kumārakassapa Thera (THAG V201-202), Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera (see above), Dabba Mallaputta Thera (THAG V5, also see “Appendix 21: Dabba Mallaputta Thera”), and Sabhiya Thera (THAG V275-V278).

When Pukkusāti, in the solitude of his chamber, read the inscription on the plate, he was filled with boundless joy and decided to renounce the world. He cut off his hair, donned the yellow robes of a monk, and left the palace alone amid the lamentations of his subjects. He travelled the one hundred and ninety-two leagues to Sāvatthi, passing the gates of Jetavana; but having understood from Bimbisāra’s letter that the Buddha was at Rājagaha, he omitted to enquire for him at Jetavana, and travelled on forty-five leagues more to Rājagaha, only to find that the Buddha was all the time in Sāvatthi. As it was then evening, he took lodging in Bhaggava’s house. The Buddha, with his divine-eye, saw what was in store for Pukkusāti, and travelling on foot from Sāvatthi, reached Bhaggava’s house at sundown, and, waiting his opportunity, engaged Pukkusāti in talk and taught him the MLDB 140 Dhātuvibhaṅga (Exposition of the Elements) Sutta, as related above. After his untimely death Pukkusāti was born in the Avihā world, where, together with six others, he became an Arahant at the moment of his birth (CDB 1.50 Ghaṭīkāra Sutta).

Noble Suppabuddha The Leper:

DPPN: A poor leper of Rājagaha, who, one day seated in the outer circle of people, heard the Buddha teach and became a Stream-winner. While waiting the departure of the crowd so that he could pay homage to the Buddha and express his gratitude, Sakka, desiring to test him, approached him and offered him untold wealth if he would repudiate the Buddha, his teachings, and the Order. However, although Sakka revealed his identity, Suppabuddha rebuked him for a fool and said he had no need of more wealth, because he already possessed the seven stores of noble wealth (ariya-dhana). Sakka reported this conversation to the Buddha, who said that no power in the world would change Suppabuddha. Soon after, Suppabuddha visited the Buddha, and, having worshipped him, was on his way to the city when he was gored to death by a cow, the cow that also killed Pukkusāti, Bāhiya Dārucīriya, and Tambadāṭhika. The Udāna account does not include the interlude of Sakka.

In a previous birth, Suppabuddha had insulted the Pacceka Buddha Tagarasikhī by calling him a leper (kuṭṭhi) – because he wore a patched robe – and by spitting on him.

Tambadāṭhika The Executioner:

DPPN: A public executioner of Rājagaha. He had copper-colored teeth and tawny skin, and his body was covered with scars. He wished to join a band of thieves, but, for some time, the ringleader refused to admit him on account of his inordinately cruel looks. In the end he was admitted; but when the thieves were captured and no one could be found willing to kill as many as five hundred of them, Tambadāṭhika agreed to do it for a reward, and slew all his colleagues. He was afterwards appointed public executioner and held the post for fifty-five years. When he became too old to behead a man with one blow, another was appointed in his place, and he was deprived of the four requisites to which he had, for so many years, been entitled – old clothes, milk porridge made with fresh ghee, jasmine flowers, and perfumes.

On the day on which he was deposed from office, he gave orders for milk porridge to be cooked, and having bathed and decked himself out, he was about to eat when Sāriputta, out of compassion for him, appeared at his door. Tambadāṭhika invited the elder in and entertained him hospitably. When Sāriputta began the words of thanksgiving, his host could not concentrate his thoughts, being worried by memories of his past wickedness. Sāriputta consoled him by representing to him that he had merely carried out the king’s orders. At the end of the discourse, Tambadāṭhika developed the qualities necessary for becoming a Stream-winner. When Sāriputta left, Tambadāṭhika accompanied him on his way, but on the way back he was gored to death by a cow. The Buddha said he had been reborn in the Tusita world.

Appendix 5: Visākhā Migāramātā

DPPN: The chief female lay disciple of the Buddha and declared by him to be foremost among those who ministered to the Order (dāyikānaṃ aggā, NDB 1.259). Her father was Dhanañjaya, son of Meṇḍaka, and her mother Sumanadevī. She was born in the city of Bhaddiya in Aṅga. When she was seven years old, the Buddha visited Bhaddiya with a large company of monks, out of compassion for the brahmin Sela and others. Meṇḍaka gave Visākhā five hundred companions, five hundred slaves, and five hundred chariots, that she might visit the Buddha. She stopped the chariots some distance away and approached the Buddha on foot. He taught her and she became a Stream-winner. For the next fortnight Meṇḍaka invited the Buddha and his monks daily to his house, where he fed them.

Later, when, at Pasenadi’s request, Bimbisāra sent Dhanañjaya to live in Kosala, Visākhā accompanied her parents and lived in Sāketa. The messengers, sent by Migāra of Sāvatthi to find a suitable bride for his son Puṇṇavaḍḍhana, saw Visākhā on her way to the lake to bathe on a feast day. At that moment there was a great shower. Visākhā’s companions ran for shelter, but Visākhā herself, walking at her usual pace, came to the place where the messengers, already greatly impressed, were awaiting her. When they asked her why she did not run to seek shelter and so preserve her clothes, she answered that she had plenty of clothes in the house, but that if she ran she might damage a limb which would be a great loss. “Unmarried girls,” she said, “are like goods awaiting sale, they must not be disfigured.” The messengers offered her a bouquet of flowers (mālāgulaṃ), which she accepted as a proposal of marriage, and then went on to her father’s house. The messengers followed and laid Puṇṇavaḍḍhana’s suit before Dhanañjaya. The proposal was accepted and confirmed by an exchange of letters.

When Pasenadi heard of it, he offered to accompany Puṇṇavaḍḍhana to Sāketa, as a mark of signal favor. Dhanañjaya welcomed the king and his retinue, Migāra, Puṇṇavaḍḍhana and their followers, with all honor, attending personally to all the details of hospitality. He persuaded the king to stay with him during the rains, providing all that was necessary.

Five hundred goldsmiths were engaged to make the Mahālatāpasādhana ornament, for the bride; three months passed, but it was still unfinished. The supply of firewood ran out, and orders were given that the wood of dilapidated houses should be used. This wood lasted for a fortnight, and then the storehouses containing cloths were opened, the cloths soaked in oil and used for cooking the food. The ornament was finished in four months.

Dhanañjaya gave his daughter, as dowry, five hundred carts full of money, five hundred with vessels of gold, five hundred each of silver, copper, various silks, ghee, rice husked and winnowed; also ploughs, ploughshares, and other farm implements, five hundred carts with three slave-women in each, everything being provided for them. The cattle given by him filled an enclosure three quarters of a league in length and eight rods across, standing shoulder to shoulder, and in addition to these, sixty thousand bulls and sixty thousand milk cows escaped from their stalls and joined the herd already gifted to her. Visākhā’s relations continued to send her costly gifts even after her marriage. When the time came for Visākhā to leave, Dhanañjaya gave her ten admonitions, which Migāra overheard from the next room. These admonitions were: Not to give fire from the house outside; not to take into the house fire from without; to give only to those who give in return: not to give to those who do not give in return; to give to him that gives and to him that gives not; to sit, eat and sleep happily; to tend the fire and to honor household deities.

On the following day Dhanañjaya appointed eight householders to be sponsors to his daughter and to enquire into any charges which might be brought against her. When she left, Dhanañjaya allowed any inhabitants of his fourteen tributary villages to accompany her if they so wished. As a result the villages were left empty; but Migāra, fearing that he should have to feed them, drove most of them back. Visākhā entered Sāvatthi standing in her chariot, so that all might see her glory. The citizens showered gifts on her, but these she distributed among the people.

Migāra was a follower of the Nigaṇṭhā, and, soon after Visākhā’s arrival in his house, he sent for them and told her to minister to them. However, Visākhā, repulsed by their nudity, refused to pay them homage. The Nigaṇṭhā urged that she should be sent away, but Migāra bided his time. One day, as Migāra was eating, while Visākhā stood fanning him, a monk was seen standing outside his house. Visākhā stood aside, that Migāra might see him, but as Migāra continued to eat without noticing the monk, she said to the latter, “Pass on, Sir, my father-in-law eats stale fare.” Migāra was angry and threatened to send her away, but, at her request, the matter was referred to her sponsors. They enquired into the several charges brought against her and adjudged her not guilty. Visākhā then gave orders that preparations should be made for her return to her parents. However, Migāra begged her forgiveness, which she granted, on condition that he would invite to the house the Buddha and his monks. This he did, but, owing to the influence of the Nigaṇṭhā, he left Visākhā to entertain them, and only consented to hear the Buddha’s discourse at the end of the meal from behind a curtain. At the conclusion of this discourse, however, he became a Stream-winner. His gratitude towards Visākhā was boundless; henceforth she was to be considered as his mother and to receive all the honor due to a mother; from this time onwards she was called Migāramātā.

Migāra got made for her everyday use an ornament called ghanamaṭṭhaka, at a cost of one hundred thousand. On the day of the presentation of this ornament, Migāra held for her a special festival in her honor, and she was made to bathe in sixteen pots of perfumed water.

Visākhā had ten sons and ten daughters, each of whom had a similar number of children, and so on down to the fourth generation. Before her death, at the age of one hundred and twenty, she had eighty-four thousand and twenty direct lineal descendants, all living. She herself kept, all her life, the appearance of a girl of sixteen. She had the strength of five elephants, and it is said that once she took the trunk of an elephant, which was sent to test her, between her two fingers and forced him back on his haunches. Visākhā owned such a great reputation for bringing good fortune that the people of Sāvatthi always invited her to their houses on festivals and holidays.

Visākhā fed five hundred monks daily at her house. In the afternoon she visited the Buddha, and, after listening to his discourse, would go round the monastery inquiring into the needs of the monks and nuns. In these rounds she was sometimes accompanied by Suppiyā. Visākhā begged for, and was granted, eight boons by the Buddha: that as long as she lived she be allowed to give robes to the members of the Order for the rainy season; food for monks coming into Sāvatthi; food for those going out; food for the sick; food for those who wait on the sick; medicine for the sick; a constant supply of rice gruel for any needing it; and bathing robes for the nuns.

With the construction of the Migārāmatupāsāda in the Pubbārāma Visākhā’s ambitions were fulfilled, and it is said that when the monastery was completed and the festival of opening in progress, as the evening drew on she walked round the monastery accompanied by her children, her grandchildren and her great grandchildren, and in five stanzas sang her joy, saying, “Now is entirely fulfilled the prayer which I prayed in times of yore.” The monks heard her sing and told the Buddha; he related to them how, in the time of Padumuttara Buddha, Visākhā had been the friend of the principal women benefactors of that Buddha. In the time of Kassapa Buddha she was Saṅghadāsī, youngest of the seven daughters of Kiki, and for long after her marriage she gave alms and performed other good works with her sisters (see “Appendix 13: Seven Daughters of King Kikī” in THIG).

According to the Vihāravimānavatthu, Visākhā was born, after death, among the Nimmānaratī-devā as the consort of the deva king Sunimmita.

Buddhaghosa says that Visākhā, like Sakka and Anāthapiṇḍika, will enjoy one hundred and thirty-one world-cycles of happiness in the Brahma-worlds before she finally attains parinibbāna.

Among Visākhā’s relations are also mentioned, in addition to her two sons Migajāla and Migāra, a sister Sujātā, who became Anāthapiṇḍika’s daughter-in-law; a grandson, Sāḷha; a granddaughter, Dattā, who died: and Uggaha, called Meṇḍakanattā. Mention is also made of a grandson of hers on whose behalf she interceded with the Buddha when the monks refused to ordain him during the rainy season.

The books contain numerous suttas taught by the Buddha to Visākhā during her frequent visits to him, chief among such suttas being the famous discourse on the keeping of the uposatha (NDB 8.43 Visākhā (1) Sutta), the discourse of the eight qualities that win for women power in this world and power and happiness in the next (NDB 8.49 The Present World (1) Sutta), and eight qualities that win for a woman birth among the Manāpakāyikā devā (NDB 8.47 Visākhā (2) Sutta).

Appendix 6: Bhaddiya Kāḷigodhāputta Thera

DPPN: Bhaddiya Thera, also called Kāḷigodhāputta or Kāḷigodhāya putto, was designated as chief among monks of aristocratic birth (uccakulikānaṃ, NDB 1.193). He belonged to a family of the Sakyan rājas of Kapilavatthu. When Bhaddiya was ruling his Sakyan principality he had as general Soṇa Poṭiriyaputta Thera (THAG V193-V194), who later joined the Order.

Anuruddha was Bhaddiya’s great friend, and when Anuruddha wished to renounce the world, his mother agreed only on condition that Bhaddiya should accompany him, hoping, in this way, to hold him back. However, Anuruddha overcame all Bhaddiya’s objections and persuaded him to renounce the household life within a week. In the second year of Lord Buddha’s ministry, Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053), Anuruddha (THAG V892-V919), Bhaddiya Kāligodhāputta (THAG V842-V865), Bhagu (THAG V271-V274), Kimbila (THAG V118), Devadatta, and their barber Upāli (THAG V249-V251) went forth, and were ordained by Lord Buddha himself in the Anupiya Mango Grove. It is said that Bhaddiya attained Arahantship in the first rainy season after his ordination.

Dwelling in the bliss of Nibbāna, under a tree in a lonely spot, Bhaddiya used to exclaim, “Aho sukhaṃ, aho sukhaṃ”. When this was reported to the Buddha, he questioned Bhaddiya, who answered that when he was ruling his principality he was well protected, yet was ever fearful and nervous, whereas now, having renounced all, he was free from all fear. This incident was the occasion for the teaching of the Sukhavihārī Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-10).

Bhaddiya was the son of Kāḷigodhā, the senior Sakyan lady of her time. For five hundred births Bhaddiya had been king, hence his eminence in this life, though there were others more aristocratic. His resolve to gain this distinction was formed in the time of Padumuttara Buddha, when he was born in a very rich family and did various good deeds towards that end. In the interval between Kassapa Buddha and Gotama Buddha, he was a householder of Bārāṇasī and, discovering that Pacceka Buddhas took their meals on the banks of the Gaṅgā, placed seven stone planks for them to sit on.

Note: I have edited and rearranged information above.

Appendix 7: Nanda Thera

DPPN: Nanda Thera (THAG V157-V158) was son of Suddhodana and Mahāpajāpatī, and therefore half-brother of the Buddha. He was only a few days younger than the Bodhisatta, and when the Bodhisatta’s mother died, Pajāpatī gave her own child to nurses and suckled the Buddha herself.

On the third day of the Buddha’s visit to Kapilavatthu, after the Enlightenment, the Buddha went to Nanda’s house, where festivities were in progress in honor of Nanda’s coronation and marriage to Janapadakalyāṇī Nandā. The Buddha wished Nanda good fortune and handed him his bowl to be taken to the vihāra. Nanda, thereupon, accompanied the Buddha out of the palace. Janapadakalyāṇī, seeing him go, asked him to return quickly. Once inside the vihāra, however, the Buddha asked Nanda to become a monk, and he, unable to refuse the request, agreed with reluctance. However, as the days passed he was tormented with thoughts of his beloved, and became very downcast and despondent, and his health suffered. The Buddha suggested that they should visit the Himavā. On the way there, he showed Nanda the charred remains of a female monkey and asked him whether Janapadakalyāṇī were more beautiful than that. The answer was in the affirmative. The Buddha then took him to Tāvatiṃsa where Sakka, with his most beautiful nymphs, waited on them. In answer to a question by the Buddha, Nanda admitted that these nymphs were far more attractive than Janapadakalyāṇī, and the Buddha promised him one as wife if he would live the monastic life. Nanda was all eagerness and readily agreed. On their return to Jetavana the Buddha related this story to the eighty chief disciples, and when they questioned Nanda, he felt greatly ashamed of his lustfulness. Summoning all his courage, he strove hard and, in no long time, attained Arahantship. He thereupon came to the Buddha and absolved him from his promise.

When the Buddha was told of Nanda’s Arahantship by a devata, he related the Saṅgāmāvacara Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-182) to show how, in the past, too, Nanda had been quick to follow advice. He also related the story of Kappata and his donkey to show that it was not the first time that Nanda had been won to obedience by the lure of the female sex. The male donkey in the story was Nanda and the female donkey Janapadakalyāṇī.

Nanda is identified with the sub king (uparājā) in the Kurudhamma Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-276).

Later, on seeing how eminently Nanda was trained in self-control, the Buddha declared him chief among his disciples in that respect (indriyesu guttadvārānaṃ, NDB 1.230). Nanda had aspired to this eminence in the time of Padumuttara Buddha. In the time of Atthadassī Buddha he was a turtle in the river Vinatā, and, seeing the Buddha on the bank waiting to cross, he took him over to the other side on his back.

He is said to have been called Nanda because his birth brought joy to his kinsmen. The Apadāna says he was of golden hue, as reward for a gift of a costly robe given by him to Padumuttara. One hundred thousand world-cycles ago he became king four times under the name of Cela. Sixty thousand world-cycles ago he was again king in four births, under the name of Upacela. Later, five thousand world-cycles ago, he was four times Cakkavatti, and his name then, too, was Cela.

Nanda was very handsome, and was only four inches shorter than the Buddha. He once wore a robe made according to the dimensions of the Buddha’s robe. Discovering this, the Buddha chided him for his presumption. Perhaps this is another version of the story found at CDB 21.8 Nanda Sutta. There, Nanda is said to have donned a robe that was pressed on both sides, painted his face, and gone to see the Buddha, carrying a bright bowl. The Buddha chided him, and Nanda thereupon became a forest-dweller and a rag-robe-wearer. Buddhaghosa says that Nanda dressed himself up in order to evoke some comment from the Buddha – either approval, so that he might dress thus for the remainder of his life, or censure, in which case he would put on rag-robes and dwell in the forest.

The Aṅguttaranikāya (NDB 8.9 Nanda Sutta) contains a discourse in which the Buddha discusses Nanda’s claim to have achieved self-control in all things. He is probably to be identified with Taraṇiya Thera of the Apadāna.

Janapadakalyāṇī-Nandā

DPPN: One of three by the name of Nandā who became Bhikkhuṇī – the others being Nandā, sister of Nanda Thera and Abhirūpa-Nandā. Because of her very great beauty she earned the sobriquet of Janapadakalyāṇī. The Udāna Commentary gives details of her beauty, which justified her title.

Janapadakalyāṇī was engaged to be married to Nanda, but on the day fixed for the marriage the Buddha induced Nanda to join the Order, in spite of Nanda’s wishes, and in due course he became an Arahant. Later, when women were admitted to the Order, Janapadakalyāṇī, feeling she had nothing to look forward to, became a Bhikkhuṇī under Mahāpajāpati. For a long time she would not visit the Buddha, having heard that he spoke disparagingly of physical beauty, but one day, inspired by curiosity, she accompanied her colleagues to hear the Buddha teach. He, being aware of her thoughts, created the form of a most beautiful maiden who stood fanning him. As Janapadakalyāṇī sat gazing at her, enraptured by her beauty, she saw her gradually reach extreme old age, passing through all the stages, until at last she saw her die, leaving her body to decompose and become a mass of filth. At the critical moment, the Buddha uttered the appropriate words and Janapadakalyāṇī became a Stream-winner (sotāpanna). The Buddha then taught the Vijaya Sutta and she became an Arahant.

She seems to have been known also as Rūpanandā, but see Rūpanandā; perhaps here we have a confusion of legends. In the northern books she is called Bhadrā.

In one of her previous lives, Janapadakalyāṇī was born as a she-mule; she sorely tempted Nanda, who was then a mule belonging to a merchant named Kappata.

Sundarī-Nandā also seems to have been called Janapadakalyāṇī.

Appendix 8: Yasoja Thera

DPPN: Yasoja Thera AKA Yasojoti Thera was born outside the gates of Sāvatthi in a fishing village, where his father was the headman of five hundred families. When he came of age, he was fishing one day in the Aciravatī, and, casting his net, caught a large golden color fish. Yasoja and his companions took the fish to Pasenadi who sent them to the Buddha. The Buddha told them that the fish had been a wicked monk in the time of Kassapa Buddha, and had since suffered in purgatory, where his mother and sisters still were. He then taught them the Kapila Sutta, and Yasoja and his companions, greatly moved, renounced the world.

The Udāna mentions (UD 23 Yasoja Sutta) how, later, Yasoja and five hundred of his companions went to see the Buddha at Jetavana. There they stood talking to the monks who lived there and made a great uproar. The Buddha, sending Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053) to fetch them, asked them to remove themselves from his presence, as they were behaving like fishermen. Taking his admonition to heart, they returned to the banks of the Vaggumudā in the Vajji country, and there they determined to lead such lives as would commend them to the Buddha. During the rainy season, they all put forth effort and attained Arahantship. Sometime after, the Buddha visited Vesālī during a journey and asked Ānanda to send for Yasoja and his friends as he desired to see them. Ānanda sent a message. When the monks arrived, they found the Buddha in meditation, and they, too, seated themselves and entered into concentration (samādhi), remaining thus throughout the night. Ānanda could not understand why the Buddha, having sent for Yasoja and his companions, should have absorbed into samādhi without greeting them, and three times during the night he tried to remind the Buddha of their arrival; but the Buddha ignored his warnings and in the morning explained to him that it was more joy for them all to live in the bliss of concentration (samādhi) than to indulge in mere conversation. It is said that the Buddha spent the night in samādhi in order to show Yasoja and his companions that he regarded them as equals.

In the time of Vipassī Buddha Yasoja belonged to a family of park-keepers (ārāmagopakā), and one day seeing the Buddha travel through the air, he gave him a labuja fruit. In the time of Kassapa Buddha, Yasoja was the leader of a band of five hundred robbers. They were pursued by the villagers and fled into the forest for safety. There they saw a monk sitting on a stone and asked him for protection. He advised them to take the five precepts, and when they had done so, he exhorted them never to violate these precepts even if keeping them meant the loss of their lives. Soon after, they were captured and killed. However, remembering the monk’s admonition at the moment of death, they harbored no hatred against anyone, and after death were reborn in the deva world.

The Vinaya relates how once, when Yasoja was ill, drugs were brought for his use, but as the Buddha had forbidden the use of a special place for storing such things (kappiyabhūmi) they were left out of doors and were partly eaten by vermin, the remainder being carried away by robbers. When the matter was reported to the Buddha, he allowed the use of a duly chosen store-room (kappiyabhūmi). The verses ascribed to Yasoja in the Theragāthā (V234-V235) are, in the Apadāna, found in two places: one under Labujadāyaka and the other, with slight variations, under Labujaphaladāyaka.

Appendix 9: Pilindavaccha Thera

DPPN: Also known as Pilindavaccha, Piliṇḍavaccha, Piliṇḍivaccha, Piḷindavaccha, or Piliṇḍiyavaccha Thera, he was a brahmin of Sāvatthi, born before the Buddha’s Enlightenment. Piliṇḍa was his personal name, Vaccha being that of his family. He became a recluse and learnt the Cūḷa Gandhāra charm (vijjā), but, when the Buddha appeared, the charm refused to work. Having heard that the Mahā Gandhāra charm prevented the working of the Cūḷa Gandhāra charm, and having concluded that the Buddha knew the former, he entered the Order at the Buddha’s suggestion, in order to acquire it. The Buddha gave him exercises in meditation, and he became an Arahant.

Certain devas who had been born in the deva world as a result of Piliṇḍa’s guidance in a former birth, out of gratitude, waited on him morning and evening. He thus became famous as being dear to the devas, and was declared by the Buddha to be chief among such monks (NDB 1.215).

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha, he was a rich householder of Haṃsavatī and wished to become a monk beloved of the devas. In the time of Sumedhā Buddha be was born in the world of men and paid great honor to the Buddha’s thūpa. In a later existence he was a Cakkavatti, named Varuṇa, and established his subjects in righteousness, so that after death they were born in heaven.

Piliṇḍa had a habit of addressing everyone as “outcaste” (vasala). When this was reported to the Buddha he explained that this was because Piliṇḍa had, for one hundred lives, been born among Vasalavādī-Brahmins. One day, on entering Rājagaha, Piliṇḍa met a man carrying a bowl of long pepper (pipphalī). “What’s in your bowl, vasala?” he asked, and the man, in anger, said, “The dung of mice”. “So be it,” said Piliṇḍa, and the pepper turned into dung. The man was horrified, and, seeking Piliṇḍa, persuaded him to right the matter.

The Vinaya Piṭaka mentions that on several different occasions Piliṇḍa suffered from various ailments and the Buddha had to give permission for the provision of suitable remedies. Once Bimbisāra found Piliṇḍa clearing a cave in order to provide a cell for himself. The king promised to build a monastery for him if he could obtain the Buddha’s sanction. The permission was obtained and was reported to the king, but he forgot the matter until one hundred days later. On remembering, he made ample amends, gave Piliṇḍa five hundred attendants to look after the monastery, and granted for their maintenance a village, which came to be called Arāmikagāma or Piliṇḍagāma. One day, while in the village for alms, Piliṇḍa went into a house where a girl was weeping because the day was a feast day and she had no ornament to wear, her parents being too poor to afford any. Piliṇḍa gave her a roll of grass to put round her head and it turned instantly into solid gold. The king’s officers, hearing of this wreath, suspected the family of theft and cast them into prison. The next day Piliṇḍa, discovering what had happened, visited the king and convinced him of his psychic powers by turning the whole palace into gold. The family was released, and the king and his courtiers gave to Piliṇḍa large quantities of the five medicaments, all of which Piliṇḍa distributed among those who wished for them.

Another story is related of Piliṇḍa’s psychic powers. Once a family of Bārāṇasi, which was wont to minister to Piliṇḍa, was attacked by robbers and two girls were kidnapped. Piliṇḍa, by his psychic power caused them to be brought back, and the monks complained of this to the Buddha, but the Buddha held that no wrong had been done.

The Apadāna has two sets of verses ascribed to Piliṇḍa, the second very much longer than the first, thus supporting the view mentioned earlier, that there were two Therā named Piliṇḍavaccha. In any event, there has evidently been a confusion of legends, and it is no longer possible to separate them. It is the first set of Apadāna verses which is quoted in the Theragāthā Commentary. In the second set we are told that in the time of Padumuttara Buddha, Piliṇḍa was a very wealthy gatekeeper (dovārika). He took many precious gifts to Ānanda, Padumuttara’s father, and won from him a boon. He asked, as his boon, that he should be allowed to entertain the Buddha. The king refused to grant this, but the gatekeeper appealed to the judges and they gave the verdict in his favor. Thereupon he held a great almsgiving of unparalleled splendor for seven days and gave away all manner of gifts. As a result he was born one thousand times as king of the devas and one thousand times also as king of men. In his last birth he suffered from neither heat nor cold, dust did not adhere to his body, and the rain did not wet him.

Appendix 10: Piṇḍolabhāradvāja Thera

DPPN: Piṇḍola Bhāradvāja Thera was the son of the chaplain of King Udena of Kosambī. He belonged to the Bhāradvāja-gotta. He learnt the Vedas and became a successful teacher, but, finding his work distasteful, he went to Rājagaha. There he saw the gifts and favors bestowed on the Buddha’s disciples and joined the Order. He was very greedy, and went about with a large bowl made of dried gourd, which he kept under his bed at night and which made a scraping sound when touched; but the Buddha refused to allow him a bag for it until it should be worn down by constant contact. Later he followed the Buddha’s advice, conquered his intemperance in diet, and became an Arahant. He then announced before the Buddha his readiness to answer the questions of any doubting monks, thus uttering his “lion’s roar”. The Buddha declared him chief of the “lion roarers” (NDB 1.195). UD 36 Piṇḍola Sutta contains the praise uttered by him of the Buddha, because of his perfected self-mastery.

Piṇḍola was in the habit of taking his siesta in Udena’s park at Kosambī. He had been king in a former birth and had spent many days in that park. One day Udena’s women, who had come to the park with him, left him asleep and crowded round Piṇḍola to hear him teach. Udena, noticing their absence, went in search of them, and, in his anger, ordered a nest of red ants to be put on Piṇḍola’s body. However, Piṇḍola vanished and returned to Sāvatthi, where the Buddha related the Mātaṅga Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-497) and also the Guhatthaka Sutta (Sn-B V772-V779). In CDB 35.127 we find Udena consulting him at the same spot and following his advice regarding the control of the senses. In CDB 48.49 he declares Arahantship.

In the Vinaya we find the Buddha rebuking Piṇḍola for performing a cheap miracle. The treasurer of Rājagaha had placed a sandal-wood bowl on a high pole and challenged any holy person to bring it down. Piṇḍola heard of this and, at Moggallāna’s suggestion, rose in the air by magic power and brought it down. The Buddha blamed him for using his great gifts for an unworthy end. The bowl was given to the monks to be ground into sandal-wood paste.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha, Piṇḍola had been a lion in Himavā. The Buddha visited the lion in his cave, who waited on him for seven days, paying him great honor. Later, the lion died and was reborn in Haṃsavatī, where he heard the Buddha teach and declare one of his disciples chief of the “lion roarers”. Eight world-cycles ago he was a king named Paduma. The last seems to identify him with Piyālaphaladāyaka of the Apadāna.

The two verses contained in Theragāthā (V123‑V124) were uttered by him to a former friend, to convince him that he was no longer greedy and self-seeking. The Milindapañhapāḷi contains two other verses not traced elsewhere.

Dhammapāla says that Piṇḍola was so called because he entered the Order from love of food (piṇḍaṃ ulamāno pariyesamāno pabbajito ti, Piṇḍolo).

Appendix 11: Upasena Vaṅgantaputta Thera

DPPN: Upasena Vaṅgantaputta Thera was born in Nālaka as the son of Rūpasārī, the brahmini, his father being Vaṅganta. He was the younger brother of Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016). When he came of age, he learnt the three Vedas, and, having heard the Buddha teach, entered the Order. When his ordination was but one year old, he ordained another bhikkhu, to increase the number of holy ones, and went with him to wait upon the Buddha. The Buddha roundly rebuked him for this hasty procedure and Upasena, wishing to earn the Master’s praise on account of the very cause of this rebuke, practiced insight and became an Arahant. Thereafter he adopted various ascetic practices (dhutaṅga) and persuaded others to do likewise. In a short time he had a large retinue, each member of which was charming in his way, and the Buddha declared Upasena to be the best of those who were altogether charming (samantapāsādikānaṃ, NDB 1.213). Buddhaghosa says that Upasena was famed as a very clever teacher (pathavighutthadhammakathika), and many joined him because of his eloquence.

He visited the Buddha when the Buddha had enjoined on himself a period of solitude for a fortnight; the monks had agreed that anyone who went to see the Buddha would be guilty of an offence to be confessed (pācittiya), but the Buddha, desiring to talk to him, asked one of Upasena’s followers if he liked rag-robes. “No, Sir, but I wear them out of regard for my teacher,” was the reply.

In the Theragāthā are found several verses (V577-V586) ascribed to Upasena as having been spoken by him in answer to a question by his co-residents (saddhivihārika), regarding what was to be done during the dissensions of the Kosambī monks. The Milindapañhapāḷi contains several other verses attributed to Upasena similar in their trend of ideas and admonitions. The Udāna states that once when he was taking his siesta he reviewed the happiness he enjoyed and the glories of the life he led under the guidance of the Buddha. The Buddha, noticing this, proclaimed his approval (UD 39 Upasena Sutta).

One day, while Upasena was sitting after his meal in the shadow of the Sappasoṇḍika-pabbhāra, fanned by the gentle breeze, mending his outer robe, two young snakes were sporting in the tendrils overhanging the cave. One fell on his shoulder and bit him, and the venom spread rapidly throughout his body; he called to Sāriputta and other monks who were near, and requested that he might be taken outside on a couch, there to die. This was done, and his body “was scattered there and then like a handful of chaff” (CDB 35.69 Upasena Sutta).

Upasena had been, in Padumuttara Buddha’s day, a householder of Haṃsavatī. One day he heard the Buddha declare one of his monks to be the best of those who were altogether charming, and wished for a similar declaration regarding himself by some future Buddha. Towards this end he did many deeds of piety. The Apadāna mentions that he gave a meal to Padumuttara and eight monks, and at the meal placed over the Buddha’s head a parasol made of kaṇikāra-flowers. As a result, he was thirty times king of the devas and twenty-one times Cakkavatti.

Upasena is given, together with Yasa Kākandakaputta, as an example of one who observed the Vinaya precepts thoroughly, without imposing any new rules or agreements. See also CST Jātakapāḷi-200 Vaka Jātaka.

Appendix 12: Queen Mallikā and King Pasenadi Kosala

Queen Mallikā:

DPPN: Chief queen of Pasenadi, king of Kosala. She was the daughter of the chief garland maker of Kosala, and was very good and beautiful. When she was sixteen she was, one day, on her way to the garden with some companions, carrying with her three portions of sour gruel in a basket. Meeting the Buddha, she offered them to him and worshipped him. The Buddha, seeing her wrapt in joy, smiled, and, in answer to Ānanda’s question, said she would be chief queen of Kosala that very day. It was to explain Mallikā’s good fortune that the Kummāsapiṇḍi Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-415) was taught.

It happened that Pasenadi, having suffered defeat at the hands of Ajātasattu that very day, was passing by and entered the flower garden, attracted by Mallikā’s voice. Mallikā, seeing him coming, and noting his weariness, seized his horse’s bridle. The king, discovering that she was unmarried, dismounted, and, having rested awhile, his head on her lap, entered the town with her and took her to her own house. In the evening he sent a chariot for her, and with great honor and pomp brought her from her own home, set her on a heap of jewels and anointed her chief queen. From that day onward she was the beloved and devoted wife of the king and an undeviating follower of the Buddha. The king found her sagacious and practical minded and consulted her and accepted her advice when in difficulty – e.g., in the Asadisa-dāna, wherein he wished to excel his subjects, and again when he was troubled by evil dreams as narrated in the Mahāsupina Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-77). Dhammapada Commentary says that Mallikā called the king a simpleton for putting his faith in brahmins and took him to the Buddha, and while the king sat trembling, asked the questions for him and had them explained.

The Jātaka states how Mallikā saved many innocent lives from being sacrificed, and the Buddha declared that in a past life too, as Dinnā, she had saved the lives of a large number of people by her wisdom.

Both Mallikā and Pasenadi’s other queen, Vāsabhakhattiyā, desired to learn the Dhamma, and, at their request conveyed through Pasenadi, the Buddha asked Ānanda to visit the palace regularly and teach them the Doctrine. Ānanda found in Mallikā an apt and ready pupil, conscientious in her work; Vāsabhakhattiyā was not so devoted to her duties.

Mallika’s knowledge of the Dhamma made her wiser than Pasenadi would have desired, and he once, in a moment of great affection, asked if anyone were dearer to her than her own “self.” “No, Sire,” was the answer; the king was evidently greatly disappointed, for he sought the Buddha, who explained to him that Mallikā, in making that answer, had uttered a great truth (Note: Reading the suttā, it doesn’t appear that Pasenadi was greatly or even mildly disappointed, he himself gave the same answer to a similar question from her). Mallikā, though an exemplary wife, was not without lapses. Reference is made to the quarrels she had with her husband, once, at least, on the question of conjugal rights, as a result of which they both sulked and had to be reconciled by the Buddha. In these quarrels the king was probably more to blame than Mallikā; it is said that until reconciled by the Buddha he ignored her very existence, saying that prosperity had turned her head.

The Dhammapada Commentary relates a story about her misbehavior with a dog in the bath house. Pasenadi was a witness of this scene, but she was able to convince him that it was the fault of the lighting of the bath house. Nevertheless, it is said that at the moment of her death she recollected this misdeed, and, as a result, was reborn in Avīci. The king was overcome by grief at Mallikā's death, and, after the funeral rites, went to the Buddha to ask where she had been reborn. The Buddha, not wishing him to know, caused the king to forget the question, every time he came to the vihāra, for a whole week, until Mallikā’s suffering in Avīci was over; then he allowed the question to be asked, and he was able to assure Pasenadi that she had been reborn in Tusita and to console him in his grief. It is said (NDB 5.49 Kosala Sutta) that Pasenadi was on a visit to the Buddha when a man came with the whispered message that the queen was dead. It was a terrible shock, “his shoulders drooped, his mouth fell, and he sat brooding, unable to speak.”

Mallikā had a daughter by Pasenadi; no mention is made of a son. Probably Vajirakumārī, who is spoken of as the king’s only daughter. He is said to have been disappointed on hearing that the child was a girl; but the Buddha assured him that women were sometimes wiser than men [CDB 3.16 Mallikā (Daughter) Sutta].

Mallikā is mentioned (see “Appendix 14: Seven People With Merits” in THIG) as one of seven persons whose acts of devotion bore fruit in this life and whose fame reached even to the gods. Only one instance is on record of Mallikā asking a question of the Buddha. She wished to know why some women are plain, others beautiful, some rich, and others poor. And the Buddha explained to her the reasons for these discrepancies (NDB 4.197 Mallikādevī Sutta).

In the Piyajātika Sutta (MLDB 87) Pasenadi is said to have taunted her because “her recluse Gotama” had said that dear ones bring sorrow and tribulation. “If the Lord says so, it must be so,” she replies; but secretly sends Nāḷijaṅgha to find out from the Buddha himself if he had said so and why. Having learnt the facts, she faces Pasenadi again, and convinced him too that the Buddha is right.

Mallikā had a garden, called the Mallikārāma, in which was a Hall among the Deispyros trees (tindukācīra) set apart for religious discussions between members of various sects (samayappavādaka).

Mallikā is identified with Sujātā of the Sujāta Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-306), the Kinnarī in the Bhallātiya Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-504), and Sambulā in the Sambulā Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-519). In all three births Pasenadi was her husband. Mallikā is included in a list of eminent female lay disciples (upāsikā, NDB 8.104).

King Pasenadi:

DPPN: King of Kosala and contemporary of the Buddha. He was the son of Mahā Kosala, and was educated at Takkasilā where, among his companions, were the Licchavi Mahāli and the Malla prince Bandhula. On his return home his father was so pleased with his proficiency in the various arts that he forthwith made him king. As ruler, Pasenadi gave himself wholeheartedly to his administrative duties and valued the companionship of wise and good men. Quite early in the Buddha’s ministry, Pasenadi became his follower and close friend, and his devotion to the Buddha lasted until his death.

However, Pasenadi’s conversion did not prevent him from extending his favor, with true Indian tolerance, to the members of other religious orders. Mention is even made of a great animal sacrifice that he once prepared, but which he abandoned on the advice of the Buddha, whom he sought at Mallikā’s suggestion. He frequently visited the Buddha and discussed various matters with him. The whole of the Third Saṃyutta (CDB 3 Kosala Saṃyutta), consisting of twenty-five anecdotes, each with a moral bias, is devoted to him. The topics discussed are many and varied. The Buddha and Pasenadi were equals in age, and their talks were, therefore, intimate and frank. On one occasion we find the Buddha telling him to eat less and teaching his nephew Sudassana (or Uttara) a verse on the advantages of moderation, to be repeated to the king whenever he sat down to a meal. This advice was followed and the king became slim.

Pasenadi’s chief consort was Mallikā, who predeceased him. He had other wives, one of them being the sister of Bimbisāra, and another Ubbirī (THIG V51-V53). The Kaṇṇakatthala Sutta (MLDB 90) mentions two others who were sisters: Somā and Sakulā.

It is stated that Pasenadi wished to associate himself with the Buddha’s family so that their relationship might be even closer. For seven days he had given alms to the Buddha and one thousand monks, and on the seventh day he asked the Buddha to take his meals regularly at the palace with five hundred monks; but the Buddha refused the request and appointed Ānanda to take his place. Ānanda came daily with five hundred others, but the king was too busy to look after them, and the monks, feeling neglected, failed to come any more, only Ānanda keeping to his undertaking. When the king became aware of this he was greatly upset, and determined to win the confidence of the monks by marrying a kinswoman of the Buddha. He therefore sent messages to the Sakyan chiefs, who were his vassals, asking for the hand of one of their daughters. The Sākyā discussed the proposition in their Mote-Hall, and held it beneath the dignity of their clan to accede to it. However, unwilling to incur the wrath of their overlord, they sent him Vāsabhakhattiyā, the daughter of Mahānāma and of a slave woman, Nāgamuṇḍā. By her, Pasenadi had a son Viḍūḍabha. When the latter visited Kapilavatthu, he heard by chance of the fraud that had been practiced on his father and vowed vengeance. When he came to the throne, he invaded the Sakyan territory and killed a large number of the clan without distinction of age or sex. It is said that when Pasenadi heard of the antecedents of Vāsabhakhattiyā, he withdrew the royal honors, which had been bestowed on her and her son, and reduced them to the condition of slaves. However, the Buddha, hearing of this, related to Pasenadi the Kaṭṭhahāri Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-7), and made him restore the royal honors to the mother and her son. Mention is made of another son, named Brahmadatta, who entered the Order and became an Arahant.

Pasenadi’s sister, Kosaladevī, was married to Bimbisāra. Mahākosala gave her a village in Kāsi as part of her dowry, for her bath money. When Ajātasattu killed Bimbisāra, Kosaladevī died of grief, and Pasenadi confiscated the Kāsi village, saying that no patricide should own a village that was his by right of inheritance. Angered at this, Ajātasattu declared war upon his aged uncle. At first, victory lay with Ajātasattu, but Pasenadi had spies who reported to him a plan of attack suggested by the Thera Dhanuggaha Tissa, in the course of a conversation with his colleague Mantidatta, and in the fourth campaign Pasenadi took Ajātasattu prisoner, and refused to release him until he renounced his claim to the throne. Upon his renunciation, Pasenadi not only gave him his daughter Vajirā in marriage, but conferred on her, as a wedding gift, the very village in dispute.

Three years later, Viḍūḍabha revolted against his father. In this he was helped by the commander-in-chief, Dīgha-Kārāyana, nephew of Bandhula. Bandhula, chief of the Mallā, disgusted with the treachery of his own people, had sought refuge with his former classmate, Pasenadi, in Sāvatthi. Bandhula’s wife, Mallikā, bore him thirty-two sons, brave and learned. Pasenadi, having listened to the tales of his corrupt ministers, contrived to have Bandhula and all his sons killed while they were away quelling a frontier rebellion. BandhuIa’s wife was a devout follower of the Buddha’s faith, and showed no resentment against the king for this act of treachery. This moved the king’s heart, and he made all possible amends. However, Dīgha-Kārāyana never forgave him, and once when Pasenadi was on a visit to the Buddha at Medatalumpa (Ulumpa), leaving the royal insignia with his commander-in-chief, Dīgha-Kārāyana took advantage of this opportunity, withdrew the king’s bodyguard, leaving behind only one single horse and one woman servant, hurried back to the capital and crowned Viḍūḍabha king. When Pasenadi heard of this, he hurried on to Rājagaha to enlist Ajātasattu’s support; but as it was late, the city gates were closed. Exhausted by his journey, he lay down in a hall outside the city, where he died during the night.

When Ajātasattu heard the news, he performed the funeral rites over the king’s body with great pomp. He wished to march at once against Viḍūḍabha, but desisted on the advice of his ministers.

Pasenadi had a sister, Sumanā, who was present at his first interview with the Buddha and decided to enter the Order, but she delayed doing so as she then had to nurse their aged grandmother. Pasenadi was very fond of his grandmother, and was filled with grief when she died in her one hundred and twentieth year. After her death, Sumanā became a nun and attained Arahantship. The old lady’s possessions were given over to the monks, the Buddha giving special permission for them to be accepted.

Among the king’s most valued possessions was the elephant Seta; he had two other elephants, Bhadderaka (or Pāveyyaka) and Puṇḍarīka. Mention is also made of a pet heron that lived in the palace and conveyed messages. Tradition says that Pasenadi had in his possession the octagonal gem that Sakka had given to Kusa. He valued it greatly, using it as his turban jewel, and was greatly upset when it was reported lost; it was, however, recovered with the help and advice of Ānanda. The Jātaka Commentary records that Pasenadi built a monastery in front of Jetavana. It was called the Rājakārāma, and the Buddha sometimes stayed there. Pasenadi’s chaplain, Aggidatta had originally been Mahākosala’s chaplain. Pasenadi therefore paid him great respect. This inconvenienced Aggidatta, and he gave his wealth to the poor and renounced the world. Pasenadi’s minister, Santati, who was once allowed to reign for a week in the king’s place as reward for having quelled a frontier dispute, gave his wealth to the poor and renounced the world like Aggidatta. The king was always ready to pay honor to those who had won the praise of the Buddha, as in the case of Kāṇā, Cūḷa Ekasāṭaka, or Aṅgulimālā; on the other hand, he did not hesitate to show his disapproval of those who disregarded the Buddha’s teaching – e.g., Upananda.

Pasenadi liked to be the foremost in gifts to the Buddha and his Order. This was why he held the incomparable alms-giving (Asadisa-dāna) under the guidance and inspiration of Mallikā; but he was hurt when the Buddha’s discourse of thanksgiving did not seem to him commensurate with the vast amount (one hundred and forty million) that he had spent. The Buddha then explained to him that this lack of enthusiasm was out of consideration for the king’s minister Kāḷa. When the king learned that Kāḷa disapproved of the lavish way in which money had been spent at the almsgiving, he banished him from the court, while he allowed the minister Juṇha, who had furthered the almsgiving, to rule over the kingdom for seven days.

Pasenadi seems to have enjoyed discussions on topics connected with the Dhamma. Reference has already been made to the Kosala Saṃyutta, which records several conversations which he held with the Buddha when visiting him in Sāvatthi; even when Pasenadi was engaged in affairs of state in other parts of the kingdom, he would visit the Buddha and engage him in conversation if he was anywhere in the neighborhood. Two such conversations are recorded in the Dhammacetiya Sutta (MLDB 89) and the Kaṇṇakatthala Sutta (MLDB 90). If the Buddha was not available, he would seek a disciple. Thus the Bāhitika Sutta (MLDB 88) records a discussion between Pasenadi and Ānanda on the banks of the Aciravatī. Once when Pasenadi was in Toraṇavatthu, midway between Sāketa and Sāvatthi, he heard that Khemā Therī was there, and went at once to visit and talk to her (CDB 44.1 Khemā Sutta). Rhys Davids thinks that Pasenadi was evidently an official title and that the king’s personal name was Agnidatta. He bases this surmise on the fact that in the Divyāvadāna the king who gave Ukkaṭṭhā to Pokkharasāti is called Agnidatta, while in the Dīghanikāya he is called Pasenadi, and that Pasenadi is used, as a designation for several kings. The evidence is, however, insufficient for any definite conclusion to be drawn.

According to the Anāgatavaṃsa, Pasenadi is a Bodhisatta. He will be the fourth future Buddha.

Appendix 13: Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa Thera

DPPN: Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa (THAG V365-V369) or Soṇa Koṭikaṇṇa Thera, was declared chief of those possessing clear utterance (NDB 1.206). He was the son of Kāḷī Kulagharikā, and was conceived before the Buddha appeared in the world. A little while before the birth of the child Kāḷī went to her parents’ house in Rājagaha, and one day, she heard a conversation between two yakkhas, Sātāgira and Hemavata. As she listened to their talk, her mind was filled with thoughts of the virtues of the Buddha, and she became a Stream-winner. That same night the child was born and was called Soṇa. His mother later returned to Kuraraghara. At that time Mahākaccāna (THAG V494-V501) lived nearby and often visited her home. Soṇa was very attached to him, and was later ordained by him. Three years later he received the higher ordination (upasampadā), and, with Mahākaccāna’s leave, visited the Buddha. Kāḷī gave him a large carpet to spread in the Buddha’s Gandhakuṭi. Gosāla Thera (THAG V23) was a friend of Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa.

When Soṇa arrived at the Gandhakuṭi, he worshipped the Buddha, who asked Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053) to find him a lodging. Ānanda, reading the Buddha’s thoughts, spread a rug in the Buddha’s chamber. Late at night Soṇa went to bed, and, very early the next morning, the Buddha woke him and asked him to recite the Dhamma. Soṇa recited the whole of the Aṭṭhakavagga, which he had learnt from Mahākaccāna. At the end of the recital the Buddha applauded him and gave him a boon. Soṇa asked for permission to ordain monks with a group of five, one of them being learned in the Vinaya (vinayadharapañcama-gaṇena upasampadā), which Kaccāna had asked him to choose. Later he returned to Kuraraghara and visited his mother’s house. She had heard of the Buddha’s applause from the devas, and wished Soṇa to recite the Dhamma just as he had done before the Buddha, and this he did.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha Soṇa had resolved to win this eminence. In the time of Vipassī Buddha he was a member of the Order and sewed a robe for a monk. Soṇa is identical with Pāṭihīrasaññaka of the Apadāna. Later he was a tailor of Bārāṇasī and mended a Pacceka Buddha’s robe. The Dhammapada Commentary says that, on the day when Soṇa recited the Dhamma in Kuraraghara, Kāḷī went to listen to him, leaving only one female slave in the house. Her house had seven walls and fortified gates and savage dogs on leash. Molten lead flowed round the walls at night, and in the night it proved a slippery surface, difficult to walk on. Nine hundred thieves had been awaiting a chance of breaking into the house. They stationed one of their number to watch Kāḷī going to the monastery, and to kill her if she started homewards after the thieves entered her house. When they came her female servant ran to the monastery to tell her about it. However, she would not be disturbed and sent her back. Again the servant went, and again she was sent back. When the thief, stationed near Kāḷī, saw her extraordinary piety, he was filled with remorse, and, at the end of the discourse, begged her forgiveness. All the nine hundred thieves joined the Order under Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa, and on the day they became Arahants the Buddha appeared before them in a ray of light to encourage them.

According to the Udāna Commentary, Soṇa was called Kuṭikaṇṇa because he wore ear ornaments worth ten million. It is said that he once went with a caravan to Ujjeni, and when the caravan stopped for the night he slept away from the rest of its members. The caravan started very early and nobody waked Soṇa. When he finally awoke, he ran along the road until he came to a large tree. There he saw an ugly man tearing off his own flesh and eating it. On enquiry, Soṇa learnt that he had been a wicked merchant of Bhārukaccha, who had been born as a hungry ghost (peta) because he had deceived his patrons (Note: DPPN omits to add here that he never shared his food with renunciates and Brāhmaṇā and when they came begging food, he cursed them “may you eat your [own] meat” [‘tumhākaṃ maṃsaṃ khādathā’ti]). This revelation filled Soṇa with great misgivings, which were increased by the sight of two peta boys with blood pouring out of their lips. They had been youths, also of Bhārukaccha, who had found fault with their mother for feeding an Arahant monk. When Soṇa returned from Ujjeni he consulted Mahākaccāna about these things, and resolved to enter the Order.

The Vinaya says that when Kaccāna wished to confer the higher ordination on Soṇa, it was three years before he could get together the necessary chapter of ten monks. This was because there were few monks in Avanti and in the Southern Country; hence Soṇa’s request to the Buddha that he should allow five monks to officiate in Avanti. Other boons asked for by Soṇa and allowed by the Buddha were:

· Permission to use, in Avanti, shoes with thick linings, because the soil of Avanti was black and always muddy;

· permission to bath constantly;

· to use skins for coverlets; and

· to accept robes set apart for absent monks even after the lapse of ten days.

Appendix 14: Kaṅkhārevata Thera

DPPN thus: Kaṅkhārevata Thera (THAG V3) belonged to a very wealthy family in Sāvatthi. One day, after his midday meal, he went with others to hear the Buddha teach and, accepting the word of the Buddha, he entered the Order. According to the Apadāna, he heard the Buddha teach at Kapilavatthu.

He attained Arahantship by way of practicing absorption (jhāna), and so proficient in absorption did he become that the Buddha declared him chief of the monks who practiced it (NDB 1.204). Before he became an Arahant he was greatly troubled in mind as to what was permissible for him to use and what was not (akappiyā muggā, na kappanti muggā paribhuñjituṃ). This characteristic of his became well-known, hence his name “Revata the Doubter”.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha he was a brahmin of Haṃsavatī, well versed in the Vedas. One day, while listening to the Buddha’s teaching, he heard him declare a monk in the assembly as chief among those who practiced absorption, and himself wished for the same honor under a future Buddha. He is often mentioned in company with other very eminent disciples, e.g., Anuruddha (THAG V892-V919), Nandiya (THAG V25), Kimbila (THAG V118), Kuṇḍadhāna (THAG V15), and Ānanda (THAG V1017-V1053); at the teaching of the MLDB 68 Naḷakapāna Sutta. The MLDB 32 Mahāgosiṅga Sutta records a discussion between Mahāmoggallāna (THAG V1149-V1217), Mahākassapa (THAG V1054-V1093), Anuruddha, Revata, and Ānanda, and there we find Revata praising, as the highest type of monk, one who delights in meditation and has his habitation in the abodes of solitude.

Kaṅkhā-Revata appears to have survived the Buddha.

In the Uttaramātā-petavatthu, Uttara’s mother having been born as a hungry ghost (peta), and having wandered about for fifty-five years without water, came upon Revata enjoying a siesta on the banks of the Gaṅgā and begged him for succor. Having learnt her story, Revata gave various gifts to the Saṅgha in her name, and so brought her happiness.

Appendix 15: Devadatta Thera

DPPN: Son of the Sakyan Suppabuddha (maternal uncle of the Buddha) and his wife Amitā. He had a sister Bhaddakaccānā, who married Prince Siddhattha. When the Buddha visited Kapilavatthu after the Enlightenment and taught the Sākyā, Devadatta was converted together with his friends Ānanda, Bhagu, Kimbila, Bhaddiya, Anuruddha, and their barber, Upāli, and he sought the Buddha at Anupiyā and entered the Order. During the rainy season that followed, Devadatta acquired the psychic-power possible for worldlings (puthujjanika-iddhi). For some time he seems to have enjoyed great honor in the Order, and in one passage he is mentioned in a list of eleven of the chief Elders of all of whom the Buddha speaks in praise. Devadatta was later suspected of evil wishes. About eight years before the Buddha’s death, Devadatta, eager for gain and favor and jealous of the Buddha’s fame, attempted to win over Ajātasattu. He assumed the form of a child having a girdle of snakes, and suddenly appeared on Ajātasattu’s lap, frightening him. He then resumed his own form, and Ajātasattu, much impressed, paid him great honor and, it is said, visited him morning and evening with five hundred chariots and sent him daily five hundred dishes of food. This encouraged Devadatta in his schemes, and he conceived the idea of taking the Buddha’s place as leader of the Saṅgha. As soon as this thought occurred to him, his psychic-power disappeared.

The Koliyan Kakudha, a follower of Moggallāna, reborn as a manomaya-kāyikadeva, divined Devadatta’s plan and informed Moggallāna. The latter repeated the matter to the Buddha, but the Buddha said it was unnecessary to discuss it as Devadatta would ultimately betray himself.

Some time later, Devadatta went to the Buddha and suggested that the leadership of the Order should be handed over to him in view of the Buddha’s approaching old age. The Buddha scorned the suggestion, saying, “Not even to Sāriputta or Mahā-Moggallāna would I hand over the Order, how would I then to you, vile one, to be expectorated like spittle?” Devadatta showed great resentment and vowed vengeance. Thereupon, at the Buddha’s suggestion, a proclamation was issued to the Saṅgha that in anything done by Devadatta in the name of the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha, none but Devadatta was to be recognized. It was at this time that Devadatta incited Ajātasattu to kill his father, Bimbisāra, while he himself prepared to kill the Buddha.

Ajātasattu agreed, and provided Devadatta with royal archers to shoot the Buddha. These were placed on different paths, one on one path, two on another, and so on up to sixteen, and the plan was so laid that not one of them would survive to tell the tale. However, when the Buddha approached the first man, he was terrified by the Buddha’s majesty, and his body became stiff. The Buddha spoke kindly to him, and the man, throwing away his weapons, confessed his intended crime. The Buddha thereupon taught him and, having converted him, sent him back by a different path. The other groups of archers, tired of waiting, gave up the vigil and went away one after the other. The different groups were led to the Buddha by his psychic-power, and he taught them and converted them. The first man returned to Devadatta saying that he was unable to kill the Buddha because of his great psychic-power.

Devadatta then decided to kill the Buddha himself. One day, when the Buddha was walking on the slopes of Vultures’ Peak (Gijjhakūṭa), he hurled down on him a great rock. Two peaks sprang up from the ground, thereby arresting its rushing advance, but a splinter struck the Buddha’s foot, causing the blood to flow. Being in great pain, he was carried to Maddakucchi, and from there to Jīvaka’s Ambavana, where Jīvaka attended him. After this event, the monks wished the Buddha to have a guard, but this he refused, saying that it was impossible for anyone to deprive a Tathāgata of his life.

Devadatta’s next attempt on the Buddha’s life was to persuade elephant-keepers to let loose a fierce elephant, Nāḷāgiri (or Dhanapāla), drunk with toddy, on to the road by which the Buddha would pass. The news spread rapidly, and the Buddha was warned, but refused to turn back. As the elephant advanced he pervaded it with love, and thus completely subdued it.

This outrage made Devadatta very unpopular, and even Ajātasattu was compelled by the force of public opinion to withdraw his patronage from Devadatta, whose gain and honor decreased. Thereupon he decided, with the help of several others, Kokālika, Kaṭamorakatissa, Khaṇḍadeviyāputta, and Samuddadatta, to bring about a schism in the Order. These five went accordingly to the Buddha and asked for the imposition of five rules on all members of the Saṅgha:

1. that monks should dwell all their lives in the forest,

2. that they should accept no invitations to meals, but live entirely on alms obtained by begging,

3. that they should wear only robes made of discarded rags and accept no robes from the laity,

4. that they should dwell at the foot of a tree and not under a roof,

5. that they should abstain completely from fish and flesh.

The Buddha’s reply was that those who felt so inclined could follow these rules – except that of sleeping under a tree during the rainy season – but he refused to make the rules obligatory. This refusal delighted Devadatta, who went about with his party, declaring that the Buddha was prone to luxury and abundance. He was believed by the foolish, and in spite of the Buddha’s warning against the dire sin of causing schism in the Order, Devadatta informed Ānanda of his intention of holding an uposatha meeting without the Buddha, and, having persuaded five hundred newly ordained monks from Vesāli to join him, he went out to Gayāsīsa.

Among the followers of Devadatta were also some nuns, chief of whom was Thullanandā, who never tired of singing his praises. The mother of Kumārakassapa (CST Jātakapāḷi-12 Nigrodhamiga Jātaka), also, first entered the Order under Devadatta, but when he denounced her, following the discovery of her pregnancy, she sought refuge with the Buddha. Some of the Sākyā, too, seem to have preferred Devadatta to the Buddha – e.g., Daṇḍapāni.

The Buddha sent Sāriputta and Mahā-Moggallāna to Gayāsīsa to bring back the deluded ones. Devadatta, believing that they had come to join him, rejoiced, and, in spite of Kokālika’s warning, welcomed them. That night he taught very late to the monks, and, wishing for rest, asked Sāriputta to address the assembly. Sāriputta and Mahā-Moggallāna taught such effect that they persuaded the five hundred monks to return with them. Kokālika kicked Devadatta on the chest to awaken him and tell him the news. When Devadatta discovered what had happened, hot blood came from his mouth, and for nine months he lay grievously ill.

As his end drew near, he wished to see the Buddha, though the latter had declared that it would not be possible in this life. Devadatta, however, started the journey on a litter, but on reaching Jetavana, he stopped the litter on the banks of the pond and stepped out to wash. The earth opened and he was swallowed up in Avīci, where, after suffering for one hundred thousand world-cycles, he would be reborn as a Pacceka Buddha called Aṭṭhissara. It is said that at the moment of being swallowed by the earth, Devadatta uttered a stanza in which he declared that he had no refuge other than the Buddha. It is this last act of Devadatta’s which the Buddha had in view when he agreed to ordain Devadatta.

The Dhammapada Commentary contains a graphic account of the tortures of Devadatta in Avīci. In previous births, also, he had been swallowed by the earth, as King Kalābu and as Mahāpatāpa. When the people heard of Devadatta’s death, they held a great festival, as they had done of yore at the death of Piṅgala, who was an incarnation of Devadatta.

The Jātaka Commentary contains numerous stories showing that Devadatta’s enmity towards the Buddha was not confined to this life. It had existed during many world-cycles, and though sometimes he was foiled in his attempts to harm the Bodhisatta, in many cases he succeeded in working his will. The beginning of this enmity, which increased with time, is described in the Serivāṇija Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-3).

Devadatta’s wickedness and his hatred of the Bodhisatta are illustrated in various Jātaka stories besides those already mentioned – e.g., the Kakkāru, the Kapi, the Kukkura, the Kuruṅga-miga, the Candakumāra, the Godha, the Campeyya, the Cūlanandiya, the Chaddanta, the Tacchasūkara, the Tayodhamma, the Tittira, the Dummedha, the Dhammaddhaja, the Dhoṇasākha, the Paṇḍaranāgarāja, the Bhūridatta, the Maṇicora, the Umaṅga, the Mahākapi, the Mahānāradakassapa, the Mahāpaduma, the Mahāsīlava, the Romaka, the Laṭukika, the Vānara, the Vānarinda, the Vessantara, the Saccaṃkira, the Sattigumba, the Sāliya, the Suṃsumāra, the Suvaṇṇakakkaṭa.

In the Dhammadevaputta Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-457), Devadatta is spoken of as having been the very incarnation of unrighteousness (adhamma). In several stories his craftiness is emphasized – e.g., as the jackal in the Siṅgālā Jātaka, as the drunken sot in the Siṅgālā (CST Jātakapāḷi-142) and also in the Manoja (CST Jātakapāḷi-397). In the Kālabāhu Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-329) he is represented as very envious, and his falsehood and duplicity are emphasized in the Cetiya (CST Jātakapāḷi-422), the Kakkāru (CST Jātakapāḷi-326), and the Somanassa Jātakā (CST Jātakapāḷi-505).

His ingratitude is illustrated in such stories as those of the Anta, the Amba, the Asampadāna, the Upāhana, the Guttila, the Javasakuna, the Dubbhiyamakkaṭa Jātaka, the Nigrodhamiga, the Mahākapi, the Rurumigarāja and the Sīlavanāgarāja Jātakas, while others, such as the Apaṇṇaka, the Ubhatobhaṭṭha, the Kandagalaka, the Kāsāva, the Giridanta, the Jambuka, the Jambukhādaka, the Parantapa, the Lakkhaṇa, the Vinīla, the Virocana, the Vīraka, the Sabbadāṭha, the Sammuddavāṇija, the Sammodamāna Jātakā, speak of his folly and inefficiency.

It is stated that in spite of the great hatred shown by Devadatta towards him, the Buddha did not harbor, on his part, one single feeling of ill-will.

Only once is mention made of the text of a discourse by Devadatta. Candikāputta reports this to Sāriputta, who makes it an occasion for a talk to the monks (NDB 9.26).

Appendix 16: Cūḷapanthaka Thera

DPPN: Also called Cullapanthaka (THAG V557-V566), he was an eminent Arahant, declared chief among monks skilled in creating forms by mind-power and in mental “evolution” (cetovivaṭṭa, NDB 1.299). He was the younger son of the daughter of a rich merchant of Rājagaha, who developed intimacy with a slave and fled with him when her misconduct was discovered. She wished to return to her parents for the birth of her first child, but her husband always postponed the visit until, in the end, she started to go without his knowledge. He followed her, but the child was born by the wayside, and therefore they called him Panthaka. The same thing occurred at the birth of the second child, and he also received the name of Panthaka, he being Cūḷapanthaka and his elder brother Mahāpanthaka (THAG V510-V517). When the boys grew up they were taken to Rājagaha, where their grandparents took charge of them. Mahāpanthaka often accompanied his grandfather to hear the Buddha teach, and he yearned to become a monk. He easily obtained permission and entered the Order, in due course becoming an Arahant. With the consent of his grandparents, he ordained Cūḷapanthaka, but the latter proved to be a dullard, and in the course of four months was unable to learn a single stanza. It is said that in the time of Kassapa Buddha Cūḷapanthaka was a clever monk, who once laughed to scorn a dull colleague who was trying to learn a passage by heart.

When Mahāpanthaka discovered his brother’s stupidity, he asked him to leave the Order but Cūḷapanthaka so loved the Buddha’s teaching that he did not wish to return to the lay-life. One day Jīvaka Komārabhacca, wishing to give alms to the Buddha and the monks, asked Mahāpanthaka, who was acting as steward, to collect all the monks in the monastery. This he did, omitting only Cūḷapanthaka who, he said, had made no progress in the Doctrine. Greatly grieved, Cūḷapanthaka determined to leave the Order, but as he was going out the Buddha met him, took him into the Gandhakuṭi and comforted him, giving him a clean piece of cloth. “Sit with your face to the East,” said the Buddha, “repeat the words ‘Removing the dirt’ (rajoharanaṃ) and wipe your face with the cloth”. As Cūḷapanthaka carried out these instructions he noticed that the cloth became dirty, and as he concentrated his mind on the impermanence of all things, the Buddha sent a ray of light and exhorted him about the necessity of getting rid of the impurities of lust and other evils. At the end of the admonition Cūḷapanthaka attained Arahantship with the four paṭisambhidā, which included knowledge of all the Piṭakas.

Tradition has it that Cūḷapanthaka was once a king and that while going in procession round his city he wiped the sweat from his brow with a spotless garment which he wore and noticed how the cloth was stained. His mind then grasped the idea of impermanence, hence the ease with which he did so in his last birth.

Meanwhile, the Buddha and the monks were seated in Jīvaka’s house, but when the meal was about to be served the Buddha ordered it to be stopped, saying that there were other monks left in the monastery. A servant was sent to find them, and Cūḷapanthaka, aware of this, contrived that the whole grove appeared full of monks engaged in various activities. When the messenger reported this, he was told to discover which of the monks was Cūḷapanthaka and to bring him. However, all the monks answered to this name, and the messenger was forced to return without him. “Take by the hand the first who says that he is Cūḷapanthaka,” ordered the Buddha; and when this was done the other figures vanished. At the conclusion of the meal, Cūḷapanthaka was asked to return thanks, and “like a young lion roaring defiance” the elder ranged over the whole of the Piṭakas in his discourse. Thenceforth his fame spread, and the Buddha, in order to prove how in previous births also Cūḷapanthaka had profited by advice received, related to the monks the CST Jātakapāḷi-4 Cūḷaseṭṭhi Jātaka.

The Dhammapada Commentary gives another story of Cūḷapanthaka’s past. He went to Takkasilā to learn under a teacher, but though he did everything for his teacher he could learn nothing. The teacher, feeling sorry for him, taught him a charm: “Ghattesi ghattesi, kiṃ kāraṇā ghattesi? Āhaṃ pi taṃ jānāmi” (“You try and try; what are you trying for? I know it too”). When he had returned home thieves entered his house, but he woke up from his sleep and repeated the charm, whereupon the thieves fled, leaving behind them even their clothes. The king of Bārāṇasī, wandering about the city in disguise, seeing what had happened, sent for Cūḷapanthaka the next day and learnt from him the charm after paying him one thousand. Soon afterwards the king’s commander-in-chief bribed the court barber to cut the king’s throat, but while the barber was sharpening his razor the king repeated the charm. The barber, thinking that his intended crime was discovered, confessed his guilt. The king, realizing that the youth had saved his life, appointed him commander-in-chief in place of the traitor, whom he banished. The youth was Cūḷapanthaka and the teacher was the Bodhisatta.

Cūḷapanthaka was a householder in the time of Padumuttara Buddha, and having seen a monk exalted by the Buddha to the rank of chief among those skilled in creating mind-born forms, aspired to the same position. In the time of Kassapa Buddha he was a monk and practiced meditation on the white device (odātakasina) for twenty thousand years.

Cūḷapanthaka was expert in rūpajjhāna and in samādhi, while his brother was skilled in arūpajjhāna and in vipassanā. When creating forms, other monks could produce only two or three, while Cūḷapanthaka could bring into being as many as one thousand at the same time, no two being alike in appearance or action.

According to the Apadāna, Cūḷapanthaka joined the Order at the age of eighteen. It is said that when it was his turn to teach the nuns at Sāvatthi they expected no effective teaching, since he always repeated the same stanza. One day, at the end of the lesson, he overheard their remarks, and forthwith gave an exhibition of his magical powers and of his wide knowledge of the Buddha’s teachings. The nuns listened with great admiration until after sunset, when they were unable to gain entrance to the city. The Buddha heard of this and warned Cūḷapanthaka not to keep the nuns so late.

UD 50 Cūḷapanthaka Sutta contains a verse sung by the Buddha in praise of Cūḷapanthaka, and the Milindapañhapāḷi quotes a stanza attributed to Cūḷapanthaka, which has so far not been traced elsewhere.

Appendix 17: Subhūti Thera

DPPN thus: Subhūti Thera (THAG V1) was the son of Sumanaseṭṭhī and the younger brother of Anāthapiṇḍika. On the day of the dedication of Jetavana, he heard the Buddha teach and left the world. After ordination he mastered the two categories of Vinaya rules, and, after obtaining a subject for meditation, lived in the forest. There he developed insight, and attained Arahantship on the basis of mettā-jhāna. Teaching the Dhamma without distinction or limitation, he was declared chief of those who lived remote and in peace (araṇavihārīnaṃ aggo, NDB 1.201), and of those who were worthy of gifts (dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ, NDB 1.202). It is said that when he went begging for alms he would develop mettā-jhāna at each door, hence every gift made to him was of the highest merit. In the course of his travels he came to Rājagaha, and Bimbisāra promised to build him a dwelling-place. However, the king forgot his promise, and Subhūti meditated in the open air. There was no rain, and, discovering the cause, the king had a leaf hut built for him. As soon as Subhūti entered the hut and seated himself cross-legged on the bed of hay, rain began to fall.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha he belonged to a rich family and was called Nanda. Later he left the world and lived the hermit’s life, at the head of forty-four thousand others. The Buddha visited Nanda’s hermitage and accepted from him a gift of fruit and flowers. He asked one of his monks, proficient in mettā and eminent in receiving gifts, to give the thanks-giving (anumodanā). At the end of the discourse all the other hermits became Arahants, but Nanda’s attention was fixed on the majesty of the teaching monk, and he did not reach any attainment. Later, discovering the qualities in which the teacher had attained eminence, Nanda resolved that he too would reach similar eminence.

Verses attributed to him are also included in the Milindapañhapāḷi.

Appendix 18: Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Thera

DPPN: Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya (THAG V466-V472) or Lakuṇṭaka Bhaddiya Thera was born in a wealthy family of Sāvatthi and was given the title of Lakuṇḍaka (dwarf) owing to his very small stature. He was, nevertheless, beautiful in body; but see below.

Having heard the Buddha teach, he entered the Order and became learned and eloquent, teaching others in a sweet voice. Once, on a festival day, a woman of the town, driving with a brahmin in a chariot, saw the elder and laughed, showing her teeth. The elder, taking the teeth as his object, developed absorption (jhāna) and became a Non-returner (anāgāmī). Later, after being admonished by Sāriputta (THAG V981-V1016), he developed mindfulness regarding the body and became an Arahant. UD 61 Paṭhamalakuṇḍakabhaddiya Sutta and UD 62 Dutiyalakuṇḍakabhaddiya Sutta make reference to the admonitions of Sāriputta and to the Buddha’s joy when these had the desired effect.

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha he was a very rich householder of Haṃsavatī, and, having beard the Buddha describe one of his monks as the sweetest voiced among them all, he wished for a similar distinction for himself under a future Buddha. In the time of Phussa Buddha he was a goose (cittapattakokila) named Nanda who, seeing the Buddha in the royal park, placed in his bowl a ripe mango. In Kassapa Buddha’s day he was the chief architect entrusted with the building of the thūpa over the Buddha’s relics, and, when a dispute arose as to how big the thūpa should be, he decided in favor of a small one; hence his small stature in his last life. The Keḷisīla Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-202) gives a different reason for his shortness.

In the assembly of monks the Buddha ranked him as foremost among sweet-voiced monks (mañjussarānaṃ, NDB 1.194). Several stories connected with Bhaddiya are recorded in the books. Because of his shortness and his youthful appearance he was sometimes mistaken for a novice. Elsewhere (CDB 21.6 Lakuṇṭaka Bhaddiya Sutta) it is said that, because he was ugly and hunch backed, he was despised by his companions, and the Buddha had to proclaim to them his greatness and hold him up as an example of a man who, though small, was of great power. Another account relates how novices used to pull his hair and tweak his ears and nose saying, “Uncle, do you not tire of religion? Do you take delight in it?” However, he showed no resentment and took no offence. The introduction to the Keḷisīla Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-202) speaks of thirty monks from the country who, seeing Bhaddiya at Jetavana, pulled him about until they were told by the Buddha who he was.

It was in reference to Bhaddiya that the Buddha taught two famous riddle stanzas in the Dhammapada (CST Dhammapada V294-V295), where he describes the Arahant as one who has killed father and mother and two kings and destroyed a kingdom, but who yet goes ungrieving – the words having a metaphorical meaning.

Several stanzas uttered by Bhaddiya in the Ambāṭakavana, as he sat there enjoying the bliss of Arahantship, are included in the Theragāthā. In the Avadānaśataka he is called Lakuñcika.

Appendix 19: Aññāsikoṇḍañña Thera

DPPN: Aññāsikoṇḍañña Thera (THAG V673-V688), AKA Aññātakoṇḍañña Thera, AKA Aññākoṇḍañña Thera was the son of a very wealthy brahmin family of Donavatthu near Kapilavatthu and was born before the Buddha. He came to be called by his family name Koṇḍañña. He was learned in the three Vedas, excelling in the science of physiognomy. When the Buddha was born, he was among the eight brahmins sent for to prognosticate, and though he was yet quite a novice he declared definitely that the babe would be a Buddha. Thereafter he lived awaiting the Bodhisatta’s renunciation. After this happened he left the world with four others, and the five later became known as the group of five (pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū), the first five disciples of Lord Buddha. For more information, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

When, after the Enlightenment, the Buddha visited them at Isipatana and taught the CDB 56.11 Dhammacakkappavattana (Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dhamma) Sutta, Koṇḍañña and eight hundred million Brahmas won the Fruit of the First Path. As he was the first among humans to realize the Dhamma the Buddha praised him saying “aññāsi vata bho Koṇḍañño” twice; hence he came to be known as Aññata Koṇḍañña.

Five days later when the CDB 22.59 Anattalakkhaṇa (Characteristic of Nonself) Sutta was taught he became an Arahant. He was the first to be ordained with the formula “Come, monk,” (ehi bhikkhu) and the first to receive higher ordination. Later, at Jetavana, amidst a large concourse of monks, the Buddha declared him to be the best of those who first comprehended the Dhamma. He was also declared to be pre-eminent among disciples of long-standing (rattaññūnaṃ, NDB 1.188). In the assembly of monks he sat behind the two chief disciples. Finding that his presence near the Buddha was becoming inconvenient to himself and others, he obtained the Buddha’s permission to go and live on the banks of the Mandākini in the Chaddanta-vana, where he stayed for twelve years, only returning at the end of that period to obtain the Buddha’s leave for his parinibbāna. The elephants in the forest took it in turns to bring him his food and to look after him. Having bidden farewell to the Buddha, he returned to Chaddanta-vana, where he passed away. We are told that all Himavā wept at his death. The obsequies were elaborately performed by eight thousand elephants with the deva Nāgadatta at their head. All the devas from the lowest to the highest brahma world took part in the ceremony, each deva contributing a piece of sandalwood. Five hundred monks, led by Anuruddha (THAG V892-V919), were present. The relics were taken to Veḷuvana and handed over to the Buddha, who with his own hand deposited them in a silver cetiya which appeared from the earth. Buddhaghosa states that the cetiya existed even in his time.

On one occasion he taught Sakka at the latter’s own request; Sakka expressed himself as greatly pleased because the discourse was worthy even of the Buddha. Vaṅgisa once extolled Aññāsikoṇḍañña Thera’s virtues in the presence of the Buddha (THAG V1255-V1257).

In the time of Padumuttara Buddha Koṇḍañña had been a rich householder, and, seeing one of the monks given preference in seniority, he wished for a similar rank for himself in the future. Towards this end he did many acts of piety, one of them being to build a golden chamber over the Buddha’s relics. In Vipassī’s time he was a householder, Mahākāla, and gave to the Buddha the first-fruits of his field in nine stages of their produce. According to the Apadāna, he offered the first meal to Padumuttara Buddha after his Enlightenment. Puṇṇa Mantāṇiputta (of THAG V4 and THAG Appendix 7) was his nephew and was ordained by him. Mantāṇī was Aññāta-Koṇḍañña’s sister.

Appendix 20: Sāmāvatī, Māgaṇḍiyā, & Udena

Queen Sāmāvatī:

DPPN: She was one of the three chief consorts of King Udena. She was the daughter of the millionaire Bhaddavatiya of Bhaddavatī, who was a friend of Ghosaka of Kosambī. When plague broke out in Bhaddavatī, she and her parents fled to Kosambī, and there obtained food from the alms hall provided by Ghosaka. On the first day Sāmāvatī asked for three portions, on the second two, on the third only one. For her father had died after the meal on the first day, her mother on the second. When, on the third day, she asked for only one portion, Mitta who was distributing alms, teased her, saying: “Today you know the capacity of your belly.” She asked what he meant, and when he explained his words, she told him what had happened. Mitta pitied her and adopted her as his daughter.

One day, when she arrived at the refectory, she found a great uproar going on, people rushing everywhere to get alms. She asked to be allowed to bring order into this chaos, and had a fence erected round the refectory with separate doors for entrance and exit. This put an end to the disturbances. Ghosaka, hearing no noise in the refectory as before, inquired the reason, and, finding out what Sāmāvatī had done, adopted her as his own child. Sāmāvatī’s original name was Sāmā, but after building the fence (vati) round the refectory she was called Sāmāvatī.

On a festival day Udena saw Sāmāvatī going to the river to bathe, and, falling in love with her, asked Ghosaka to send her to the palace. However, Ghosaka refused, and the king turned him and his wife out of doors and sealed up his house. When Sāmāvatī discovered this, she made Ghosaka send her to the palace, and Udena made her his chief consort. Some time afterwards Udena took Māgaṇḍiyā also as consort.

When the Buddha visited Kosambī at the request of Ghosaka, Kukkuṭa, and Pāvārika, the servant woman of Sāmāvatī, Khujjutarā, heard him teach and became a Stream-winner. She had been on her way to the gardener, Sumana, to buy flowers for Sāmāvatī, with the eight pieces of money given to her daily by the king for this purpose. On Sumana’s invitation, she had gone to hear the Buddha at his house. On other days she had spent only half the money on flowers, appropriating the rest for herself; but this day, having become a Stream-winner, she bought flowers with the whole amount and took them to Sāmāvatī, to whom she confessed her story. At Sāmāvatī’s request, Khujjuttarā repeated to her and her companions the discourse she had heard from the Buddha. After this, she visited the Buddha daily, repeating his discourse to Sāmāvatī and her friends. Having learnt that the Buddha passed along the street in which the palace stood, Sāmāvatī had holes made in the walls so that she and her friends might see the Buddha and do obeisance to him. Māgaṇḍiyā heard of this during a visit to Sāmāvatī’s quarters, and, because of her hatred for the Buddha, she determined to have Sāmāvatī punished. For details see Māgaṇḍiyā below.

At first her plots miscarried, and Udena, convinced of Sāmāvatī’s goodness, gave her a boon, and she chose that the Buddha be invited to visit the palace daily and to teach her and her friends. However, the Buddha sent Ānanda instead, and they provided him with food every day and listened to the Dhamma. One day they presented him with five hundred robes given to them by the king, who, at first, was very angry; but on hearing from Ānanda that nothing given to the monks was lost, he gave another five hundred robes himself.

In the end, Māgaṇḍiyā’s plot succeeded, and Sāmāvatī and her companions were burned to death in their own house. Udena was in his park, and, on his arrival, he found them all dead. When the Buddha was asked, he said that some of the women had attained to the First Fruit of the Path, others to the second, yet others to the third. It is said that in a previous birth Sāmāvatī and her friends had belonged to the harem of the king of Bārāṇasī. One day they went bathing with the king, and, feeling cold when they came out of the water, they set fire to a tangle of grass, nearby. When the grass burned down, they found a Pacceka Buddha seated in the tangle, and fearing that they had burnt him to death, they pulled more grass, which they placed round his body, and, after pouring oil on it, set fire to it so that all traces of their crime might be destroyed. The Pacceka Buddha was absorbed in concentration (samādhi) and nothing could therefore harm him, but it was this act that brought retribution to Sāmāvatī and her companions.

The two Therī’s named Sāmā were friends of Sāmāvatī, and were so filled with grief over her death that they left home and joined the Order.

Sāmāvatī is reckoned among the moist eminent of the lay women who were followers of the Buddha, and was declared by him foremost among those who lived in kindliness (aggaṃ mettāvihārinaṃ, NDB 1.261). Also see GDB for an excellent bio.

Queen Māgaṇḍiyā:

DPPN: She was daughter of the brahmin Māgaṇḍiya (see Sn-B V835-V847). When the Buddha rejected her father’s offer of marriage with her, her parents joined the Order, giving her in charge of her uncle, Cūḷa-Māgaṇḍiya. The latter took her to Udena, king of Kosambī, who made her his chief consort, giving her five hundred ladies in waiting. Māgaṇḍiyā was incensed against the Buddha for having called her a “vessel of filth,” and, when he came to Kosambī, she planned her revenge. Having discovered that Udena’s other queen, Sāmāvatī, and her companions were in the habit of watching for the Buddha through windows in the walls of their rooms, she told the king that Sāmāvatī and her friends were conspiring to kill him. For some time the king refused to believe this, but when the holes were shown to him, he had them closed up and the windows built higher.

This plan having failed, Māgaṇḍiyā hired a slave to revile and abuse the Buddha in the streets. Ānanda suggested to the Buddha that they should go elsewhere. The Buddha answered, “I am like the elephant who has entered the fray, I must endure the darts that come upon me”. After seven days the abuse ceased. Māgaṇḍiyā then persuaded her uncle to send eight live cocks to the palace and sent a page with them to the king’s drinking place. When the king asked what should be done with them, she suggested that Sāmāvatī and her friends should be asked to cook them for him. This the king agreed to do, but the women refused to deprive an animal of its life. Māgaṇḍiyā said they should be tested, and sent word by the page that the cocks were to be cooked for the Buddha. The page was bribed to change the live cocks for dead ones on the way, and Sāmāvatī and her companions then cooked them and sent them to the Buddha. However, even then the king, though not knowing of the exchange, would not be convinced of Sāmāvatī’s disloyalty.

Māgaṇḍiyā then obtained a snake from her uncle with its fangs removed. This she inserted in the shell of the flute which Udena carried about, closing the hole with a bunch of flowers. Udena was in the habit of spending a week in turn with each of his three consorts. When he announced his intention of going to Sāmāvatī, Māgaṇḍiyā begged of him not to go, saying she had had a dream and feared for his safety. However, the king went and Māgaṇḍiyā went with him. As he lay asleep with the lute under his pillow she pulled out the bunch of flowers, and the snake lay coiled on his pillow. Māgaṇḍiyā screamed and accused Sāmāvatī of designs on the king’s life. This time Udena believed her, and placing Sāmāvatī and her friends in a line one behind the other, he sent for his bow, which could only be strung by one thousand men, and shot an arrow at Sāmāvatī’s breast. However, by the power of her goodness the arrow failed to pierce her. Convinced of her innocence, the king pleaded for her forgiveness and gave her a boon. She chose that the Buddha should be invited to come to the palace every day, but the Buddha would not accept the invitation and sent Ānanda in his place.

Once more Māgaṇḍiyā conspired with her uncle against Sāmāvatī. They had all the pillars of Sāmāvatī’s house wrapt in cloth, soaked in oil, and, when she and her women were inside, the house was set fire to. Sāmāvatī saw the flames spreading and exhorted her women to be self possessed, and they attained to various fruits of the Path. Udena questioned Māgaṇḍiyā very carefully, and became convinced of her share and that of her uncle in the crime. He then sent for all Māgaṇḍiyā’s relations saying that he wished to reward them. He buried them waist-deep in the palace grounds and covered them with straw; the straw was then set fire to, and when it was burnt he had their bodies ploughed with an iron plough. Pieces of flesh were ripped from Māgaṇḍiya’s body, fried like cakes in oil, and Māgaṇḍiyā was then forced to eat them.

King Udena:

DPPN: King of Kosambī. He was the son of Parantapa. His mother, when pregnant with him, was carried off by a monster-bird and deposited on a tree near the residence of Allakappa. The child was born in a storm (utu?) – hence the name. Allakappa, having discovered the mother and child, took them under his protection. One day, when Udena was grown up, Allakappa saw by the conjunction of the planets that Parantapa had died. When he announced the news, Udena’s mother revealed to him her identity. Allakappa taught Udena the various charms he knew for taming elephants and sent him to Kosambī, with a large following of elephants, to claim the kingdom. Some time after he became king, Udena appointed Ghosaka as his treasurer, and one day, having seen Ghosaka’s adopted daughter, Sāmāvatī, going to the river to bathe, sent for her and married her. Later he married, in very romantic circumstances, Vāsuladattā, daughter of Caṇḍapajjota, king of Ujjeni. The Dhammapada Commentary contains a whole story-cycle of Udena from which these details, except where otherwise stated, are taken.

Udena had another wife, Māgandiyā, who took advantage of her new position to wreak vengeance on the Buddha for having once slighted her. When Sāmāvatī was converted to the Buddha’s faith by her handmaiden Khujjuttarā, Māgaṇḍiyā tried to poison the king’s mind against her, but the attempt was frustrated, though Sāmāvatī very nearly lost her life at the king’s hand. When Udena realized how grievously he had wronged her, he promised to grant her a boon, and, as the result of her choice, the Buddha sent Ānanda with five hundred monks to the palace every day, to teach the women of the court. Udena himself does not seem to have been interested in religion. Once when be discovered that the women of the court had given five hundred costly robes to Ānanda, he was annoyed, but when in answer to his questions Ānanda explained to him that nothing given to members of the Order was wasted, he was pleased and himself made a similar offering of robes to Ānanda. The incident took place after the Buddha’s death.

His encounter in his park the Udakavana with Piṇḍola-Bhāradvāja, in somewhat similar circumstances, did not, however, end so happily. Udena’s women had given Piṇḍola their robes, and when the king questioned Piṇḍola as to the appropriateness of the gift, he remained silent. Udena threatened to have him bitten by red ants; but Piṇḍola vanished through the air. In Mātaṅga Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-497), Udena is identified with Maṇḍavya.

Later we find him visiting Piṇḍola again on friendly terms and receiving information as to how young members of the Order succeeded in curbing their passions in spite of their youth (CDB 35.127 Bhāradvāja Sutta). In this context Udena calls himself a follower of the Buddha.

Udena had a son named Bodhi, among whose activities the building of a palace, called Kokanada, is specially recorded (MLDB 85 Bodhirājakumāra Sutta). It is clear from the incident of the presentation of robes to Ānanda, referred to above, as well as by a definite statement to that effect contained in the Petavatthu Commentary, that Udena survived the Buddha; but whether his son Bodhi succeeded him or not is not known.

Among Udena’s possessions mention is made of his bow, requiring one thousand men to string it, and of his elephant Bhaddavatikā. Udena is sometimes referred to as Vaṃsarājā.

In the Udāna Commentary he is called Vajjirājā. The Milindapañha tells a story of a woman called Gopālamātā, who became a queen of Udena (See “Appendix 14: Seven People With Merits” in THIG). She was the daughter of peasant-folk, and, being poor, she sold her hair for eight pennies, with which she gave a meal to Mahā-Kaccāna and his seven companions. That very day she became Udena’s queen.

Appendix 21: Dabba Mallaputta Thera

DPPN: An Arahant Thera, also known as Dabba Mallaputta (THAG V5). He was born at Anupiya in a Malla family (at Kusinārā, says the Apadāna). As a child of seven he saw the Buddha who was visiting in the Malla country, and he asked his grandmother (his mother having died at his birth) if he might join the Order under the Buddha. She brought him to the Buddha and the boy became an Arahant in the Tonsure-hall. He returned with the Buddha to Rājagaha where, with the Buddha’s sanction, and wishing to be of service to the Order, he took upon himself the task of appointing night’s-lodgings to travelling monks and of directing them to meals. He performed his duties most diligently and with great intelligence, and his fame spread far and wide. Monks coming from afar, wishing to witness his skill, would deliberately arrive late and ask for lodgings in some place remote from Rājagaha; Dabba would walk ahead of them, with his finger burning to light them on the way. It was the sight of Dabba on one of these journeys which led to a slave-woman, Puṇṇā, being visited by the Buddha, resulting in her becoming a Stream-winner.

It once happened that meals were allotted by Dabba to the Mettiya-Bhummajakā at the house of a rich man, who, discovering their identity, gave orders that they were to be fed anyhow. The Mettiya-Bhummajakā were greatly offended, and believing that Dabba had intended to slight them, induced one of their partisans, Mettiyā, to accuse Dabba of having seduced her. The charge was investigated, Mettiyā was expelled, and Dabba’s fame increased. The Mettiya-Bhummajakā persuaded the Licchavi, Vaḍḍha, to make a similar charge against Dabba regarding his wife. The Taṇḍulanāli Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-5) mentions another dispute, where Lāḷudāyī charges Dabba with not performing his duties conscientiously. Thereupon Lāludāyi was appointed to the task, but proved a failure.

Dabba was given the rank of chief of those who appointed lodgings (senāsanapaññāpakānaṃ, NDB 1.214) and was given the higher ordination (upasampadā) when only seven years old. He was called Dabba because he was said to be born of his mother while she was being burnt in the funeral pyre; when the flames were extinguished, the child was found lying on one of the posts of the pyre (dabbatthambhe).

He was a millionaire’s son in Haṃsavatī in the time of Padumuttara Buddha, and it was then that he conceived the desire for the rank of chief assigner of lodgings. One hundred and three times he became king among devas and one hundred and five times king of men. In the time of Vipassī Buddha he spoke calumny about an Arahant Thera, hence the conspiracy against him by the Mettiyabhummajakā.

After Kassapa Buddha’s death he, with six others, joined the Order and lived in the forest. Failing to develop jhāna, they went to the top of a mountain, determined to reach some attainment or to die of starvation. The eldest became an Arahant, the next became a Non-returner and was reborn in the Suddhāvāsā. The remaining five died without achieving their aim. In this age they became, respectively, Pukkusāti Thera (see “Appendix 3: The Cow of Killer Kammā”), Kumārakassapa Thera (THAG V201-202), Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera (see “Appendix 3: The Cow of Killer Kammā”), Dabba Mallaputta Thera (THAG V5), and Sabhiya Thera (THAG V275-V278).

Dabba evidently died young. The Udāna contains an account of his death. One day, returning from his alms rounds in Rājagaha, he saw that he had but a short while yet to live. He went, therefore, to the Buddha and, with his leave, showed various psychic-powers and passed away.

Epithets of Lord Buddha (in this book)

(Pāḷi terms sorted in English alphabetical order)

Pāḷi	English
abhikkantaṃ, abhikkantā, abhikkataṃ	most excellent
anuttaraṃ	unsurpassed
appaṭimodha	without a counterpart
bhagavā, bhagavato, bhagavatā, bhagavati, bhagavantaṃ, bhagavantaṃyeva, bhagavatopi	Blessed One
buddho, buddhā, buddhāna, buddhānaṃ	Untranslated
cakkhumā, cakkhumanto, cakkhumatā, cakkhunā	one with eyes
gotama, gotamo	son of the Gotama family
mahesi	great sage
pabhaṅkaro	radiance-maker
paṭhamābhisambuddho	newly self-enlightened, first fully self-enlightened
sammāsambuddhaṃ, sammāsambuddha, sammāsambuddho, sammāsambuddhā, sammāsambuddhassa, samāsambuddhanti	rightly self-enlightened
sugato, sugatā	well-gone one
tathāgato, tathāgatova, tathāgatā, tathāgatassa, tathāgatassā, tathāgatenāti	Untranslated [thus come or thus gone]
uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ	reached best self-control and concentration

Epithets of Nibbāna (in this book)

(Pāḷi terms sorted in English alphabetical order)

Pāḷi	English
1 neva āgatiṃ	no coming
2 na gatiṃ	no going
3 na ṭhitiṃ	no standing
4 na cutiṃ	no passing
5 na upapattiṃ	no arising
abhūtaṃ	unbecome
acalaṃ	immovable
ajātaṃ	unborn
akataṃ	unmade
anārammaṇamevetaṃ	non-dependent
appatiṭṭhaṃ	unestablished
appavattaṃ	not whirling
asaṅkhataṃ	unformed
asokaṃ	unsorrowing
khīṇāsavaṃ	taintless
nibbānadhātuyā	Nibbāna element
nirodhaṃ, nirodho, nirodhā, nirodhāya, nirodhi, nirodhadhamma	cessation
nissaraṇaṃ, nissaraṇamāhaṃsu	escape
sammāsambodhiṃ	right self-enlightenment
ṭhitiṃ, ṭhiti	stability
virajaṃ	dustless
yogakhemā	refuge from bonds

Epithets of Nibbāna (from CDB 43.1-43)

(Pāḷi terms sorted in English alphabetical order)

*Pāḷi*	English
abbhutaṃ (neuter)	amazing
abyāpajjhaṃ	unafflicted
acchariyaṃ	wonderful
ajajjaraṃ	unaging
amataṃ	deathless
anālayo	unadhesive
anāsavaṃ	taintless
anataṃ	uninclined
anidassanaṃ	unmanifest
anītikadhammaṃ	unailing state
anītikaṃ	unailing
apalokitaṃ	undisintegrating
asaṅkhataṃ	unconditioned
dhuvaṃ	stable
dīpaṃ	island
khemaṃ	secure
leṇaṃ	shelter
mutti (feminine)	freedom
nibbānaṃ	Nibbāna
nippapañcaṃ	unproliferated
nipuṇaṃ	subtle
paṇītaṃ	sublime
pāraṃ	far shore
saccaṃ	truth
santaṃ	peaceful
saraṇaṃ	refuge
sivaṃ	auspicious
suddhi (feminine)	purity
sududdasaṃ	very difficult to see
tāṇaṃ	asylum
taṇhākkhayaṃ	destruction of craving
virāgo (masculine)	dispassion

Epithets of An Arahant (in this book)

(Pāḷi terms sorted in English alphabetical order)

1. While reading the epithets below, please keep in mind that many of the terms describe a trainee, one who is on the path to Arahanthood. The same term, after reaching the arahanthood, describe an Arahant who has perfected that particular quality.

2. For a list of the thirteen austerities (some of which are listed below), see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

3. All the qualities of an Arahant are possessed by a Buddha, and in a complete measure. The converse is NOT true.

Pāḷi	English
abandhana	untied
abbhaññāsi	fully knows
abhinibbutatto	fully liberated
acalo	immovable
ācāragocarasampanno	endowed with conduct and alms-refuge
adhicittamanuyuttaṃ, adhicittamanuyutto	intent on higher mind
adutiyo	without a second
aduṭṭhacitto	non-hateful mind
ajjhattarato	delighting internally
amamo, amamassa	unselfish
anaññaposino, anaññaposimaññātaṃ	one without dependents & one who knows
anāsavaṃ	taintless
anataṃ	uninclined
anāvilā, anāvilāni, anāvilassa	unagitated
anīghaṃ	griefless
anokasārī	houseless, unattached
anubbiggo	unanxious
anudhammacārino, anudhammacāriniyo	farer of Dhamma in every way
anupaghāto, anūpaghāto	harmless
anupavādo, anūpavādo	not a fault-finder
anupāyāsāti	despairless, without despair
anussaṅkī	trusting
anutrāsī	unalarmed
aparappaccayo	independent of others
appamajjato	heedful
appamatto, appamattā	heedful
appicchaṃ, appiccho	having few wishes
apunabbhavāyā	without further becoming
āraddhavīriyaṃ, āraddhaviriyo, āraddhavīriyo	firm and energetic
arahataṃ, arahato, arahantaṃ, arahanto, arahattāya	Untranslated
araññe, āraññikaṃ, āraññiko, araññagatopi, araññagatassapi	jungle-dweller, living in jungle Eighth of the thirteen Austerities
ariyaṃ, ariyo, ariyāya	noble one
asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ, asaṃsaṭṭho	unassociated
asippajīvī	not living on art/craft
asmimānasamugghātaṃ, asmimānasamugghātāya	removing the “I am” conceit
asokā	sorrowless
ātāpī, ātāpino, ātāpiyo	ardent
atthakāmo, atthakāmā, atthakāmena	desirous of benefit
avinipātadhammo	not going to bad destinations
bahussutā, bahussutassa	learned
bhāvitattena	developed one
bhayadassāvī	seeing fear
brahmacārayo, brahmacārino	farer of holy-life
brāhmaṇa, brāhmaṇo, brāhmaṇā, brāhmaṇassa, brahmaññā, brahmaññaṃ	Brāhmaṇa, highest in the Indian four-class hierarchy, also used for an Arahant
catuyogātigato	one who has surmounted the four bonds
chinnasotaṃ	one with stream cut-off
daḷhaparakkamo	striving greatly
dantaṃ	tamed
dhammadharā	bearers of Dhamma
dhammānudhammappaṭipannā	practicing Dhamma in fullness
dhutavādaṃ, dhutavādo	austerities, one who practices austerities, one advocating austerities
diṭṭhadhammo	having seen the Dhamma
ekabhattaṃ same as ekāsanī	eating once a day Fifth of the thirteen Austerities
ekacaro	solitary dweller
guttaṃ	guarded
kalyāṇadhammā	good-doer
kalyāṇamitto	has a good friend
kalyāṇasahāyo, kalyāṇasahāyassa	good companion
kalyāṇasampavaṅko, kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa	good confidant
khayamajjhagā	attained the ending
khīṇasaṃyojanā	bondless, fetterless
khīṇāsavo	taintless
mahānāgānaṃ	great elephant
mahānubhāvo, mahānubhāvatā	greatly powered
mahiddhiko, mahiddhikatā	of great supernormal power
mānito, mānitā, mānayanti	revered, to be revered
medhāvino	intelligent
mohakkhayā, mohakkhayaṃ	ending of delusion
nāgaṃ, nāgā, nāgassa, nāgena	elephant, snake
nahāyatī, nhāyatī, nhatvā	bathe, having bathed, purified literally one who has taken a bath
nelaṅgo	blameless, innocent
nirāsaṃ, nirāso	unelated
nirūpadhiṃ	possession-less
nittaṇhaṃ	craving-less
niyato	assured, certain
paṃsukūliko, paṃsukūlikaṃ	wearing cast-off cloth First of the thirteen Austerities
pannalomo	pacified
paññavatā	wise
paññāvimuttiṃ	fully-freed by wisdom
pantañca	solitary dweller
panuṇṇakodho, paṇunnakodho	angerless
papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpahānaṃ	abandoning the sign of proliferation and reckoning
paradattavutto	living on what others give
pāragū	gone to the far-shore
parinibbuto, parinibbutoti, parinibbāyi, parinibbutassa	one completely liberated
pariyogāḷhadhammo	dive into Dhamma
pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto	restrained by restraint of precepts
pattadhammo	reached Dhamma
pattayogakhemā	reached refuge from bonds
pavivekaṃ, pavivittaṃ, pavivitto	detached, detachment
piṇḍapātikaṃ, piṇḍapātiko, piṇḍapātikā, piṇḍapātikassa	alms-seeker, walking for alms Second of the thirteen Austerities
pūjito, pūjitā, pūjayanti	worshipped, to be worshipped
rakkhitacittassa	with protected mind
rukkhamūlagatopi, rukkhamūlagatassapi	gone to tree root Ninth of the thirteen Austerities
sabbakammajahassa	abandoning all kamma
saccavādino	speaker of truth
sakkato, sakkatā	provided hospitality
samacārino	virtuous conduct farer
samāhito	restrained
sambodhiparāyaṇo	destined for self-enlightenment
sāmīcippaṭipannā	practicing respectfully
sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro	preceded by right view
sammāsaṅkappagocaro	resorting to right intention
sammāvimuttānaṃ	rightly fully-freed
sampajānaṃ, sampajāno	clearly knowing
sampassamāno	clearly seeing
saṃvaro, saṃvuto, saṃvaratī	guarded
saṃyamato	self-controlled
sanibbuto same as nibbuto	liberated, self-liberated
saññate	self-controlled
santacittassa, santamānasaṃ	peaceful mind
santindriyaṃ	peaceful faculties
santuṭṭhaṃ, santuṭṭho	sated, satisfied
sapadānaṃ	bypassing no donors on the alms round Fourth of the thirteen Austerities
satīmā, satīmato	mindful
setapacchādo	white covered
sīlasampanno, sīlasampannassa	endowed with virtue
sīlavanto, sīlavato, sīlavā, sīlavantettha	virtuous one
susamāhito	well-restrained
tādī, tādino	thus one, such one
tecīvarikaṃ, tecīvariko	wearing only one set of triple robes Third of the thirteen Austerities
tiṇṇā	crossed-over
tiṇṇavicikiccho	crossed-over doubt
upasamaṃ, upasamāya	appeases, appeased
upasantasantacittassa	appeased and peaceful mind
upasantassa	calmed
vedagū, vedaguno, vedantagū	reached end of knowledge
vesārajjappatto	reached fearlessness
viditadhammo	known Dhamma
vigatabhayaṃ	fearless
vigatakathaṃkatho	departed uncertainty
vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro	fully ended is birth and the round of existences
vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī	experiencing happiness of full-freedom
vinītā	trained
vippamutto	fully freed
virajā	dustless
virattaṃ	dispassionate
visaṅkhāragataṃ	free of formations
visāradā, visāradappattā	expert, reached expertise
vītalobho	greedless
vītamalaṃ	unsoiled
vītasokā	sorrowless
viyattā	accomplished
vūsitabrahmacariyo	has lived the holy-life
yatatto	steadfast
yatindriyaṃ, yatindriyo	with controlled faculties
yogakhemakāmā	desirous of refuge from bonds

Pāḷi-English Glossary

(Pāḷi terms sorted in English alphabetical order – Pāḷi terms in bold are Pāḷi Proper Names)

(Prefixes:

1. abhi* = well but not always.

2. pari* = completely [except: paritappayiṃ, paritappasi = very tormented].

3. sam* = fully but not always.

4. vi* = fully, very [except: bahuvighātā, virajaṃ, virajjahaṃ, virajjantī, visaṃyuttaṃ, visaṃyuttā].

5. vīta* = without.

6. du and ku as a prefix usually means bad, ill, not good, lacking, hard, etc. su as a prefix usually means opposite.

7. Mahā as a prefix means Great, Elder, etc. while cūla or cūḷa as a prefix denotes Little, Younger, etc.)

Pāḷi	English
ābādhaṃ, ābādho, ābādhā, ābādhiko	troubles, one who is troubled
abandhana (a + bandhana)	untied (not + tied) [Arahant]
abbhaññāsi (abhi + aññāsi)	fully knows (completely + knows) [Arahant]
abbhanumodi (abhi + anumodi)	much rejoiced (well + rejoiced)
abbhokāse (abhi + avakāse)	open space, unsheltered Tenth of the thirteen Austerities
abbhuggacchati (abhi + uggacchati), abbhuggantvā	spreads, having risen-up (well + risen)
abbhutaṃ, abbhuto, abbhutā	unparalleled
abbokiṇṇāni (abhi + ava + kiṇṇa)	uninterrupted, constantly (fully + ripened + fermented)
abhaṇi	spoke
abhavissa	would have been
abhedi, abhindi	breakup
abhibhūto	conqueror, conquered
abhikkantaṃ, abhikkantā, abhikkataṃ	most excellent [Lord Buddha]
abhikkantavaṇṇā (abhikkanta + vaṇṇā)	excellent complexioned (beautiful + colored)
abhikkantāya	advanced
abhikkhaṇaṃ	repeatedly
abhinanditvā (abhi + nanditvā)	having pleased (well + having pleased)
abhinibbutatto (abhi + nibbutatto)	fully liberated (fully + liberated) [Arahant]
abhinimminitvā	having created
abhiññā (abhi + ññā)	higher knowledges, full knowledge
abhiññāya (see anabhiññāya)	fully knowing
abhirama, abhiramanti, abhiramantī, abhiramissāmahaṃ	delight
abhirūpatarā (abhi + rūpatarā), abhirūpatarāni	more beautiful (well + beautiful)
abhisallekhikā (abhi + sallekhikā) as in kathā abhisallekhikā	austere (well + austere)
abhisambujjhati	full penetration (full + penetration)
abhisamparāyo (abhi + sam + parāyo)	here-after (well + here-after)
abhīto (a + bhīto)	unafraid (not + afraid) [Arahant]
abhivādetvā	having saluted, having greeted
ābhujitvā	having made
abhūtaṃ (a + bhūtaṃ)	unbecome (without + becoming) [Nibbāna]
abhūtavādī (a + bhūta + vādī)	liar (not + happened + speaker)
abrahmacārī (a + brahmacārī), abrahmacāriṃ, abrahmacārino	not a farer of holy-life (not + farer of holy-life)
abyāpajjaṃ (a + byāpajjaṃ)	without ill-will (no + ill-will)
acakkhukā (a + cakkhukā)	visionless (not + vision-maker)
acalaṃ (a + calaṃ), acalo	immovable (im + movable) [Nibbāna] [Arahant]
ācāragocarasampanno (ācāra + gocara + sampanno)	endowed with conduct and alms-refuge (conduct + alms-refuge + endowed) [Arahant]
ācariyakaṃ	teacher
accādhāya	putting on
accayena	lapse of, end of
acchā, acchādetvā	having put-on
*accharānaṃ,* accharāsatāni, accharāsatānaṃ	Untranslated, mythical creature, Sanskrit: apsarā, Hundred Apsarā
acchariyaṃ, acchariyo, acchariyā	marvelous
acchassa	clear
acchecchi, acchejji, achijji, acchijji (see chijjati, ucchijjati)	cut-off
acchinnaggāni (a + c + chinna + aggāni)	tender (not + cut-off + front/top)
acchodakaṃ (accha + odakaṃ), acchodakā	having clear water (clear + having water)
acelakā (a + celakā), acelake, acelakesu	naked (no + clothes)
ācikkhanti, ācikkhissanti, ācikkheyya	tell, I will tell
acirapakkantaṃ (a + cira + pakkantaṃ), acirapakkantassa, acirapakkante, acirapakkantesu	not long after going (not + long + gone)
*aciravatī*	River in Sāvatthi
adāsi	giving, gave
adassanaṃ (a + dassanaṃ)	one who has not seen (not + seer)
ādāya	taken, having taken
addasa, addasā, addasaṃ, addasaṃsu, addasuṃ	seeing, saw
addhā, addhānaṃ	times, road, distance, truly, surely
addhānamaggapaṭipanno (addhāna + magga + paṭipanno)	one time walking (one time + path + walking)
aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ (aḍḍha + aṭṭhama + ratanaṃ)	half + eight cubits [tall] (half + eight + cubits)
addhunā (a + d + dhunā)	unshaken (not + shaken)
adhammaṃ (a + dhammaṃ)	non-Dhamma (not + Dhamma)
adhiccasamuppannaṃ (adhiccaṃ + samuppannaṃ), adhiccasamuppanno	spontaneously arisen (by chance + arisen)
adhicittamanuyuttaṃ, adhicittamanuyutto	intent on higher mind (higher + mind + intent) [Arahant]
adhicitte (adhi + citte), adhicetaso	higher mind (higher + mind)
adhigacchati	enter upon [realization]
adhipātakā, adhipātake	moth
adhipātetvā, adhipatitvā (adhi + patitvā), adhipātitvā	knocked, trampled (completely + dropped)
ādhipateyyasaṃvattanikaṃ (ādhipateyya + saṃ + vattanikaṃ)	conducive to rulership (rulership + fully + conducive)
adhiṭṭhahāno	established, determination
adhivāsaye, adhivāseti, adhivāsetu, adhivāsesi, adhivāsanaṃ, adhivāsentaṃ, adhivāsento	consent, bears, endures
adho	downwards
ādicco	sun
ādīnavaṃ, ādīnavo, ādīnavā	danger
adutiyo (a + dutiyo)	without a second (without + second) [Arahant]
aduṭṭhacitto (a + duṭṭha + citto)	non-hateful mind (non + hateful + mind) [Arahant]
agamāsi, agamaṃsu	went
āgamehi, āgamessatī	wait
āgamma, āgacchante, āgacchantaṃ, āgacchatī, āgacchasi, āgacchanti, āgacchantī, āgaccheyyāsī, āgantukā, āgantukehi, āgantukassa, āgaccheyyāhaṃ, āgantvā	coming back, came, returned, having returned, having come, newly-arrived
agāraṃ, agārasmā	home, from home
āgārikabhūto (āgārika + bhūto), agārikabhūtassa, agāriyabhūtassa	being a house-holder (house-holder + being)
agarukatā	disrespectful
āgatigati, āgatigatiyā	coming again (coming + destination)
āgatiṃ, āgato, āgatāni	come
agga	foremost
agganagaraṃ (agga + nagaraṃ)	foremost city (foremost + city)
aggimpi, aggito	fire
aghamūlaṃ (agha + mūlaṃ)	root of grief (grief + root)
aghāvino	grieving
ahaṃ, ahañca (ahaṃ + ca), ahampi (ahaṃ + pi)	I, I too (I + too)
ahaṅkārapasutāyaṃ (ahaṅkāra + pasutāyaṃ)	intent on I-making (conceit + intent)
āhara, āharā, āharāmī	bringing, fetching
ahiṃ	snake
aho	oh
ahosi, ahesuṃ	was, have been
āhu	they have said
aja	goat
*ajakalāpako*, ajakalāpake, ajakalāpakassa, ajakalāpakasuttaṃ	Ajakalāpaka, Ajakalāpaka Sutta
ajānantā (a + jānantā)	ignorant (not + knowing)
*ajapālanigrodhe* (ajapāla + nigrodhe)	Goatherd Banyan Tree (goatherd + banyan tree), also plant costus speciosus
ajātaṃ (a + jātaṃ)	unborn (not + born) [Nibbāna]
ajja, ajjatanāya	today, today’s
ajjatagge	henceforth (this day onwards)
ajjhāciṇṇo	habit, practice
ajjhattaṃ	internally
ajjhattarato (ajjhattaṃ + rato)	delighting internally (internally + delighting) [Arahant]
ajjhāvasatā (ajjhā + vasatā), ajjhāvasantena	house-holder (inside + dweller)
ajjhesi	request, invite
ajjhogahetvā (adhi + ava + gahetvā), ajjhogāhetvā	entered into (inside + entered)
ajjhopannā, ajjhopanne	attachment
akālamegho (a + kāla + megho)	untimely rain (not + time + rain)
akālo (a + kālo)	untimely (not + time)
ākaṅkhamāno	wishing
akārakā (a + kārakā)	not doing (not + doers), non-doer
ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ (ākāsānaṃ + ca + āyatanaṃ)	realm of infinity of space too (space + too + realm)
ākāse	space, sky
akāsi, akāsī	did
akasiralābhī (a + kasira + lābhī)	not painful gainer (not + painful + gainer), easily obtained
akataṃ (a + kataṃ)	unmade (not + made) [Nibbāna]
akicchalābhī (a + kiccha + lābhī)	not difficult gainer (not + difficult + gainer), sharing willingly
akiñcanā (a + kiñcanā)	without possessions (not + anything)
ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ (ākiñcañña + āyatanaṃ)	realm of nothingness (nothingness + realm)
ākiṇṇo	crowded
akkoso, akkosanti	reviled
akkulapakkulikaṃ	confused-bewildered (confused + bewildered)
akkulo	confused
ākoṭesuṃ	beat
akusalā (a + kusalā), akusale, akusalehi, akusalānaṃ	unwholesome (not + wholesome)
alābhā (a + lābhā)	not gaining (not + having gained)
alajjino (a + lajjino)	shameless (no + shame)
alaṃ	enough!
ālapi, ālapantaṃ	speak, address
allakesā (alla + kesā)	wet hair (wet + hair)
allavatthā (alla + vatthā)	wet clothes (wet + clothes)
ālokajātā (āloka + jātā)	luminous (light + birthing)
amamo (a + mamo), amamassa	unselfish (not + covetous) [Arahant]
amanasikarotā (a + manasi + karotā)	mentally not attending (not + mentally + attending)
amānitā (a + mānitā)	unrevered (not + revered)
amaṅkubhūto (a + maṅkubhūto)	untroubled (not + troubled)
āmantayi, āmantehi, āmantesi, āmanteti, āmantetī	addressed, spoke to
ambavanaṃ (amba + vanaṃ), ambavane	Mango Forest (mango + forest)
ambho	mister, hi there, you rascal (!)
amhākaṃ, amhākampi	us, for us, of us, our
āmisaṃ	bait, material things, non-vegetarian food
anabhiññāya (an + abhiññāya) (see abhiññāya)	not fully knowing (not + fully knowing)
anabhirato (an + abhi + rato)	non-delighting (not + fully + delighting)
anādiyitvā (an + ādiyitvā)	not having minded (not + attending)
anāgāmī (an + āgāmī), anāgāminiyo	non-returning [fruit] (non + returning) [fruit]
anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya (anāgāmi + phala + sacchikiriyāya), anāgāmīphalasacchikiriyāya	to realize the fruit of non-returning (non-returning + fruit + realize)
anagāriyaṃ (an + agāriyaṃ)	homelessness (without + home)
anākiṇṇo (an + ākiṇṇo)	not crowded (not + busy)
anallakesā (an + alla + kesā)	not wet hair (not + wet + hair)
anallavatthā (an + alla + vatthā)	not wet clothes (not + wet + clothes)
anāmantetvā (an + āmantetvā)	uninvited (not + invited)
*ānandaṃ*, ānando, ānanda, ānandassa, ānande	Ānanda Thera (THAG V1017-V1053), Happy
anaññaposino, anaññaposimaññātaṃ (an + añña + posiṃ + a + ññātaṃ)	one without dependents & one who knows (not + others + nourishing + not + known) [Arahant]
anantavā (an + antavā)	infinite, endless, immediately (no + end)
anānupassī (an + anupassī)	not contemplating (not + contemplating)
anapacitā (an + apacitā)	not honored (not + honored)
anapaloketvā (an + apaloketvā)	without taking leave (not + taking leave)
ānāpānasati (āna + apāna + sati)	mindfulness of in-out breathing (in + out breathing + mindfulness)
āṇāpeti	ordered
anārammaṇamevetaṃ (an + ārammaṇaṃ + evetaṃ)	non-dependent (not + dependent + thus) [Nibbāna]
anāsavaṃ (an + āsavaṃ)	taintless (without + taint) [Arahant]
anataṃ (a + nataṃ)	uninclined (not + bent) [Arahant]
*anāthapiṇḍikassa*	Anāthapiṇḍika, chief Male Lay Supporter
anattasaññā (an + atta + saññā), anattasaññī	perception of not-self (not + self + perception)
anatthaṃ (an + atthaṃ)	non-benefit (non + benefit)
anavakāso (an + avakāso = okāso)	not permitted (not + permitted)
anāvilā (an + āvilā), anāvilāni, anāvilassa	unagitated (not + agitated) [Arahant]
anayabyasanaṃ (anaya + byasanaṃ)	misfortune and destruction (distress + misfortune + destruction)
anayaṃ	misfortune
andhā	blind
andhakāre, andhīkatā, andhīkate	darkness, blinding, blinded
anejo (an + ejo), āneñjena	imperturbable (not + perturbable) [concentration]
anekabyañjano (aneka + byañjano)	many food items (many + food items)
anekajātisaṃsāraṃ (aneka + jāti + saṃsāraṃ)	through many births in round of existences (many + births + in round of existences)
anekapariyāyena (aneka + pariyāyena)	many ways (many + sequential)
anekarasabyañjano (aneka + rasa + byañjano)	many tasty food items (many + tasty + food items)
anekaratano (aneka + ratano)	countless jewels (many + jewels)
anekasūparasabyañjano (aneka + sūpa + rasa + byañjano)	many condiments, tasty food items (many + condiments + tasty + food items)
anekasūpo (aneka + sūpo)	many condiments (many + condiments)
aneke, anekehi	many
anelagaḷāya (an + elagaḷāya)	confident talker (not + dripping saliva), also plant Cassia Tora
āneñjasamādhinā (ān + eñja + samādhinā)	by imperturbable concentration (im + perturbable + concentration)
aṅguttarepi	in Aṅguttara [Nikāya]
anibbisaṃ (a + nibbisaṃ)	not finding (not + finding)
aniccā (a + niccā)	impermanent (not + permanent)
aniccasañña (a + nicca + sañña), aniccasaññino	perception of impermanence (not + permanence + perception)
anīghaṃ (an + īghaṃ)	griefless (without + grief) [Arahant]
anikkhittadhuro (an + nikkhitta + dhuro)	not put down the yoke (not + put down + yoke)
anipphalā (a + ni + p + phalā)	not fruitless (not + no + fruit)
ānisaṃsaṃ, ānisaṃso, ānisaṃsā	benefit
anissaṭā (a + nissaṭā)	refuge-less (no + refuge)
anissitassa (a + nissitssa)	independent (not + dependent)
aññajanena (añña + janena)	by other people (other + by people)
aññaṃ, aññampi, aññāsi	[final] knowledge
aññamaññaṃ (aññaṃ + aññaṃ)	each other (each + each)
aññānipi	others too
aññāpaṭivedho (aññā + paṭivedho)	penetrates to knowledge (knowledge + penetrates to)
*aññāsikoṇḍaññaṃ*, aññāsikoṇḍañño, aññātakoṇḍañño	Aññāsikoṇḍañña Thera (THAG V673-V688), Koṇḍañña who Knows
aññasuttesu (añña + suttesu)	in other suttā (other + in suttā)
aññataraṃ, aññataro, aññataropi, aññataroti, aññatarā, aññatarāti, aññatare, aññatarena, aññatarassa, aññatarasmiṃ, aññatarissā	some
aññathā	otherwise
aññathābhāvī (aññathā + bhāvī)	becoming otherwise (otherwise + becoming)
aññatitthiyā (añña + titthiyā), aññatitthiyānaṃ	sectarians (other + beliefs), heretics
aññatra, aññatreva	other
aṇṇavaṃ	sea
aññiṃsu	having known
aññopi, aññe, aññehi	other
anokasārī	houseless, unattached [Arahant]
antalikkhā, antalikkhe	space
antarā	interval, in the meanwhile, between
antaradhāyi, antaradhāyissati, antaradhāyissatī	disappear
antaragharaṃ (antara + gharaṃ)	amongst houses (between + houses)
antarahito, antarahitā	meaningful, hidden
antarākathā (antarā + kathā)	talk (between + talk)
antarāmagge (antarā + magge)	on the path (between + path)
antaraṭṭhake (antara + aṭṭhake)	in-between eight [days] (in-between + eight)
antarāva	on the way, in the middle
antarāyā	block, dangers
antavā	finite, with an end
antepuraṃ, antepure	private residence, zenana
anto, antā, ante, antopi	end, inside
antopūti (anto + pūti), antopūtiṃ	foul inside (inside + foul)
anubandhā, anubandhi	followed
anubbiggo (an + ubbiggo)	unanxious (not + anxious) [Arahant]
anucaṅkamamāno (anu + caṅkamamāno)	walking following (following + walking)
anudhammacārino, anudhammacāriniyo (feminine)	farer of Dhamma in every way [Arahant]
anugatā, anugate, anuggatā	following
anujānāti, anujānātīti, anujāneyya	permit, allow, grant
anukampaṃ, anukampanti, anukampikā, anukampakena	compassionate, compassionately
anulomaṃ (anu + lomaṃ)	forward, with the flow (with + direction of hair)
anulomapaṭilomaṃ (anu + lomaṃ + paṭi + lomaṃ)	forward and backward, with the flow and against the flow (with + direction of hair + against + direction of hair)
aṇumattesu (aṇu + mattesu)	as much as an atom (atom + as much as)
anumodi, anumoditvā	rejoice, having rejoiced
anupādā (an + upādā), anupādānā, anupādāya	clinging-less (without + grasping)
anupādisesāya (an + upādi + sesāya)	without residue of possessions (without + possessions + residue) [without substratum left]
anupaghāto (an + upaghāto), anūpaghāto	harmless (non + injurious) [Arahant]
anuparigamma (anu + pari + gamma)	scanning (following + circling + going)
anupavādo (an + upavādo), anūpavādo	not a fault-finder (not + fault-finder) [Arahant]
anupāyāsāti (an + upāyāsā + ti)	despairless, without despair (without + despair) [Arahant]
*anupiyāyaṃ*	Anupiyā, Place
anuppatto, anuppattāni	reached
anupubbakiriyā (anupubba + kiriyā)	gradual deeds [step by step, by and by]
anupubbaninno (anupubba + ninno)	gradually drops (gradually + deepens)
anupubbapabbhāro (anupubba + pabbhāro)	gradually deepens (gradually + deepens)
anupubbapaṭipadā (anupubba + paṭipadā)	gradual practice (gradual + practice)
anupubbapoṇo (anupubba + poṇo)	gradually slopes (gradually + slopes)
anupubbasikkhā (anupubba + sikkhā)	gradual training (gradual + training)
anupubbavihāri (anupubba + vihāri)	gradual walking (gradual + walk)
anupubbena, ānupubbiṃ	gradually [step by step, by and by]
anupubbikathaṃ (anupubbi + kathaṃ), ānupubbikathaṃ	gradual talk (gradual + talk)
anupubbūpasantassa (anupubba + ūpasantassa)	gradual cooling (gradual + calming)
*anuruddho*	Anuruddha Thera (THAG V892-V919), Devoted, Pleased
anussaṅkī (an + ussaṅkī)	trusting (not + distrusting) [Arahant]
anutrāsī (an + utrāsī)	unalarmed (not + alarmed) [Arahant]
anuttaraṃ (an + uttaraṃ)	unsurpassed (not + surpassed) [Lord Buddha]
anuṭṭhitā	practiced
anuvicaramāno	walk through
anuyuñja	yoked
anvāsattā	befallen, clinging
apabyāmato same as apavyāmato	insulting
apacito, apacitā	honored
āpadāsu	in misfortune
apagatā	departed
apagatakāḷakaṃ (apagata + kāḷakaṃ)	stainless (departed + black)
āpajjanti, āpajjante	come to
apakkamma	having departed
apalokentī, apaloketvā	taking leave
apaṃsū	drink
āpannāni	willing
apārā (a + pārā)	near-shore (not + further shore)
aparalakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ (apara + lakuṇḍaka + bhaddiya + suttaṃ)	another Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya sutta (another + Lakuṇḍaka + Bhaddiya + sutta)
aparaṃkāraṃ (a + paraṃ + kāraṃ), aparaṃkāro	not done by other (not + other + done)
aparappaccayo (a + para + p + paccayo)	independent of others (not + others + support) [Arahant]
aparena	other
aparimuttā (a + pari + muttā)	not completely freed (not + completely + freed)
aparipākāya (a + paripākāya), aparipakkāya	unmatured (not + matured)
aparisuddhā (a + pari + suddhā), aparisuddhāya	unclean (not + completely + clean)
apasabyato	contrary, to the right side
apāsi, apāyi, apāyiṃ	drank
āpātaparipātaṃ (āpāta + paripātaṃ)	fell and sank (fell in + sank in)
apatāsi	fell
apāyaṃ	state of woe
api, pi, pī	and, too, even, and then, also
āpo, āpā	water
appābādhaṃ (appa + ābādhaṃ)	unafflicted (little + afflictions)
appabhikkhuko (appa + bhikkhuko)	with a few bhikkhus (little + bhikkhus)
appaharitaṃ (appa + haritaṃ), appaharitañca	lacking grass (little + green)
appakilamathena (appa + kilamathena)	unexhausted (little + exhausted)
appamādādhikaraṇaṃ (a + p + pamāda + adhikaraṇaṃ)	because of heedfulness (not + heedless + because of)
appamajjato (a + p + pamajjato)	heedful (without + heedlessness) [Arahant]
appamatto, appamattā (a + p + pamattā)	heedful (without + heedlessness), heedfully [Arahant]
appātaṅkaṃ (appa + ātaṅkaṃ)	unfatigued (little + fatigue)
appaṭikūlāsi (a + p + paṭikūlāsi)	agreeable (not + disagreeable)
appaṭimodha (a + p + paṭimo + idha)	without a counterpart (no + counterpart + here) [Lord Buddha]
appatiṭṭhaṃ (a + p + patiṭṭhaṃ)	unestablished (not + established) [Nibbāna]
appatvāva (a + p + patvāva)	unreached (not + reached)
appavattaṃ (a + p + pavattaṃ)	not whirling (not + existent) [Nibbāna]
appāyukā (appa + āyukā), appāyukasuttaṃ	short lived (little + lifespan), Short Lifespan Sutta
appekacce	[for] some
appenti	reach, tributary
appeva (appe + va, api + eva)	even if little, perhaps (and + then)
appicchakathā (appa + iccha + kathā)	talk on having few wishes (few + desires + talk)
appicchaṃ, appiccho (appa + iccho)	having few wishes (few + desires) [Arahant]
appiyaṃ (a + p + piyaṃ)	not dear (not + dear)
appodakapāyasaṃ (appa + odaka + pāyasaṃ), appodakapāyāsaṃ, appodakapāyasena, appodakapāyāsena	thick milk-rice (little + water + milk-rice)
appossukko (appa + usuukko)	relax (little + enthusiasm)
apūjitā (a + pūjitā)	unworshipped (not + worshipped)
apunabbhavāyā (a + puna + b + bhavāyā)	for no further becoming (no + further + becoming) [Arahant]
ārabbha	in connection with/to
āraddhavīriyaṃ (āraddha + vīriyaṃ), āraddhaviriyo, āraddhavīriyo	firm and energetic (firm + energy) [Arahant]
arahaṃ, arahā	brown, worthy
arahataṃ, arahato, arahantaṃ, arahanto, arahattāya	Untranslated [Lord Buddha] [Arahant]
arahattamaggaṃ (arahatta + maggaṃ)	arahant path (arahant + path)
arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya (arahatta + phala + sacchikiriyāya)	to realize the fruit of arahantship (arahantship + fruit + realize)
ārakāva (ārakā + va)	remote (remote + too)
arakkhitena (a + rakkhitena)	unprotected (not + protected)
ārāmo, ārāme	monastery
araññakuṭikāyaṃ (arañña + kuṭikāyaṃ)	jungle hut (jungle + hut)
araññe, āraññikaṃ, āraññiko, araññagatopi, araññagatassapi	jungle, jungle-dweller, living in jungle [Arahant] Eighth of the thirteen Austerities
ariyaṃ, ariyo, ariyāya	noble one, for noble one [Arahant]
ārocesi, ārocāpesi, ārocesuṃ	informed, announced
arogaṃ, arogā	healthy (no + disease)
āropito, āropetvā	placed, planted
aruṇo, aruṇe	sun
arūpā (ā + rūpā)	formless (no + form)
arūpasaññī (a + rūpa + saññī)	perception of formless (no + form + perception)
asabbhāhi (a + sabbhāhi)	vulgar (not + polite)
āsādesi	offended
asahamānā (a + sahamānā)	unbearably (not + bearable)
asakkatā (a + sakkatā)	not provided hospitality (no + hospitality)
asamāhitā (a + samāhitā), asamāhite	unrestrained (not + restrained)
asamaṇaṃ (a + samaṇaṃ), assamaṇo	not a renunciate (not + renunciate)
asamāpannapubbā (a + samāpanna + pubbā)	unattained (no + attainment + before)
asammūḷho (a + saṃ + mūḷho)	unconfused (not + fully + deluded)
asampajānā (a + saṃ + pajānā), asampajāne	not clearly knowing (not + deliberately + knowing)
asaṃsaggakathā (a + saṃsagga + kathā)	unassociated talk (not + contacted + talk)
asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ (a + saṃsaṭṭhaṃ), asaṃsaṭṭho	unassociated (not + mixing) [Arahant]
āsanaṃ, āsanāni, āsane	seat
āsaṅkathā	suspect, doubt
asaṅkhataṃ (a + saṅkhataṃ)	unformed (not + formed) [Nibbāna]
asaññatā (a + saññatā)	intemperate
asante (a + sante)	there is not (not + there is)
asassataṃ (a + sassataṃ), asassatañca, asassato	non-eternal (non + eternal)
asātaṃ (a + sātaṃ)	disagreeable (not + agreeable)
asati (a + sati)	not exist (not + exist)
āsavehi, āsavānaṃ	taints
asayaṃkāraṃ (a + sayaṃ + kāraṃ), asayaṃkāro	not done by self (not + self + done)
asesā (a + sesā), asesamete	without residue (without + remainder)
asesavirāganirodho (a + sesa + virāga + nirodho), asesavirāganirodhā	remainderless lustless cessation (without + remainder + lustless + cessation)
asippajīvī (a + sippa + jīvī)	not living on art/craft (not living on art/craft) [Arahant]
asīti	eighty
asītimanūnakasuttavaraṃ (asītim + anūnaka + sutta + varaṃ)	eighty complete best suttā (eighty + complete + suttā + best)
asmimānasamugghātaṃ (asmi + māna + sam + ugghātaṃ), asmimānasamugghātāya	removing the “I am” conceit (“I am” + conceit + fully + shaking) [Arahant]
asmimānassa (asmi + mānassa)	“I am” conceit (“I am” + conceit)
asokaṃ (a + sokaṃ), asokā	unsorrowing (not + sorrowing) [Nibbāna] sorrowless [Arahant]
assa, assā, assasi	is, be, would become, was, there was
assasippaṃ (assa + sippaṃ)	equestrian (horse + craft)
assosi, assosuṃ	hear, heard
asubhā (a + subhā)	repulsive (not + beautiful)
asuciṃ (a + suciṃ), asuci	impure (not + pure)
āsuṃ	they were
*asurā* (a + surā), asurakaññā (asura + kaññā)	not surā (not + devā), Titans, opposite of devā, daughter of Asura (Asura + daughter)
ātāpī, ātāpino, ātāpiyo	ardent [Arahant]
atho, atha, athassa, athāhaṃ	and, then, rather, thus (thus + I)
atidhāvanti (ati + dhāvanti)	overshoots (over + shoots)
atikkamante, atikkamanti	passing, transcending
atikkantamānusakena (atikkanta + mānusakena), atikkantamānusikāya	transcending human’s (transcending + human’s)
atikkante, atikkantāni	passed
atiṇṇapubbaṃ	not crossed-over before (not + crossed-over + before)
atirocati	outshine (very + brilliant)
ativelaṃ	long time, unseasonable
ativiya	surpassing
attā, attano, attanā, attānaṃ, attato	self, oneself, mine
attabharassa	self-supporting
attabhāvā	having a body
attamanaṃ, attamano, attamanā	delighting
attanāvedi (attanā + vedi)	self realized (self + felt)
aṭṭha, aṭṭhapi, aṭṭhamo, aṭṭhamaṃ, aṭṭhaṃsu	eight, eighth
atthakāmo (attha + kāmo), atthakāmā, atthakāmena	desirous of benefit (benefit + desirous) [Arahant]
aṭṭhakathā (aṭṭhaṃ + kathā), aṭṭhakathāya, aṭṭhakathāyaṃ	commentary (meaning + talk)
aṭṭhakavaggikāni (aṭṭhaka + vaggikāni)	Section of Eights (see Sn-B V766-V975)
atthaṃ, attho, atthassa, atthāya, atthāyā, atthāyetaṃ	goal, meaning, benefit, reason, use
atthamāgamā (atthaṃ + āgamā)	come to end (goal + come to)
aṭṭhānametaṃ (a + ṭṭhānaṃ + etaṃ)	impossible is this (not + doable/wrong + is this)
aṭṭhaṅgiko (aṭṭha + aṅgiko)	eightfold (eight + limb)
atthañño (atthi + añño)	is there anyone (is + other)
aṭṭhāsi	stood
atthavasaṃ (attha + vasaṃ)	benefit, reason, use
atthi	yes, there is
aṭṭhikatvā, aṭṭhīkatvā	receptively
atthiko	desirous
aṭṭhiṃ, aṭṭhime	bones, these bones
aṭṭīyamāno	distressful
āturassānusikkhato (āturassa + anusikkhato)	learning from a distressed one (distressed one + learning from)
*avanti,* avantīsu	one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
*avantidakkhiṇāpatho (avanti + dakkhiṇā + patho)*	Avanti-Southern India (Avanti + southern + path)
āvasathāgāraṃ (āvasatha + āgāraṃ), āvasathāgāra	rest house (rest + house)
avasiṭṭhaṃ	left-overs
āvāso, āvasatho, āvasathe	dwelling, dwelling place
avassutaṃ, avassuto	lustful, oozing
āvaṭṭati, āvaṭṭamānaṃ	whirling, turning
avatthāsi (a + vatthāsi)	firm, fixed, standing (not + whirling)
avedī	announced
āvi	publicly [openly]
avidūraṃ, avidūre (avi + dūre)	not far, nearby (not + far)
avidvā (a + vidvā)	ignorance (not + knowledge), ignorant
avihaññamānaṃ (a + vihaññamānaṃ), avihaññamāno	not oppressive (not + oppressive), unoppressed
avijjānirodhā (a + vijjā + nirodhā)	cessation of ignorance (not + knowledge + cessation)
avijjāpaccayā (a + vijjā + paccayā)	caused by ignorance (not + knowledge + caused by)
avijjāya (a + vijjāya)	ignorance (not + knowledge)
āvilaṃ, āvilā, āvilāni	agitated
avinipātadhammo (a + vinipāta + dhammo)	not going to bad destinations (not + leading downwards + phenomenon)
avippamuttā (a + vi + p + pamuttā)	not fully freed (not + fully + freed)
avisārado (a + visārado)	non-expert (not + expert), non-confident
avitakkaṃ (a + vitakkaṃ)	calmness of thoughts (without + thoughts)
avivittā (a + vivittā)	inseparably (not + separating)
avoca	said
āvuso	friend
ayaṃ, ayampi, ayañhi (ayaṃ + hi), ayameko (ayaṃ + eko)	this, this too (this + too), this one (this + one)
ayamahamasmīti (ayaṃ + ahaṃ + asmī + ti), ayaṃhamasmīti	this I am (this + I + am + is)
āyāmānanda (āyāṃ + ānanda)	this Ānanda (this + Ānanda)
ayamantarākathā (ayaṃ + antarā + kathā)	this talk (this + in-between [time] + talk)
ayañcarahi (ayaṃ + carahi)	this conduct (this + conduct)
āyantaṃ, āyantiṃ (feminine)	coming
āyasmā, āyasmāpi, āyasmato, āyasmatā, āyasmante, āyasmantaṃ, āyasmantānaṃ	venerable literally old, aged
āyatakeneva (āyataken + eva)	suddenly, abruptly
āyatanaṃ	sense-bases, realm
ayoghanahatasseva (ayoghana + hatassa + eva)	like hit by sledge-hammer (sledge-hammer + destroyed + like)
āyogo	occupation (yoked)
āyujaṭilavekkhaṇā (āyu + jaṭila + vekkhaṇā)	Lifespan-Matted Hair Ascetics-Contemplation (lifespan + matted hair ascetics + contemplation)
āyusaṃvattanikaṃ (āyu + saṃ + vattanikaṃ)	conducive to long life (long life + fully + conducive)
āyusaṅkhāraṃ (āyu + saṅkhāraṃ), āyusaṅkhāre	life formations (life + formations)
āyusaṅkhārossajjanasuttaṃ (āyu + saṅkhāra + ossajjana + suttaṃ)	Relinquishment of Life Formations Sutta (life + faculty + renouncing + sutta)
ayyaputta (ayya + putta)	young master (noble + son)
ayyo, ayyā (feminine)	noble sir, noble lady
baddhā	tied, ties
bādhente, bādhenti	catching, tying
bāhāgahaṇāpi (bāhā + gahaṇa + api)	holding by arms too (arms + holding + is)
bāhaṃ, bāhāyaṃ	arms
bahidvārakoṭṭhakā (bahi + dvāra + koṭṭhakā), bahidvārakoṭṭhake	outside the gateway (outside + gate + gateway)
bahipi	outside
bāhitapāpadhammo (bāhita + pāpa + dhammo)	having removed evil-deeds (having removed + evil + dhamma)
bāhitvā	having removed, having pushed out
*bāhiyaṃ*, bāhiyo, bāhiya, bāhiyassa, bāhiyenāti, bāhiyasuttaṃ	Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera
bahū, bahūni, bahukehi, bahūsu	many, much
bahudeva	late
bahujanahitāya (bahu + jana + hitāya)	welfare of many people (many + people + welfare)
bahujanasukhāya (bahu + jana + sukhāya)	happiness of many people (many + people + happiness)
bahujanena (bahu + janena), bāhujaññaṃ	by many people (many + by people), has many adherents
bahukaraṇīyo (bahu + karaṇīyo)	much to do (much + doer)
bahukicco (bahu + kicco)	many duties (much + duties)
bahulīkatā (bahulī + katā)	practiced (much + made)
*bahuputtaṃ* (bahu + puttaṃ)	Bahuputta shrine (many + sons)
bahuratano (bahu + ratano)	many jeweled (many + jeweled)
bahussutā (bahu + s + sutā), bahussutassa	learned (much + heard) [Arahant]
bahvettha (bahu + ettha)	many here (many + here)
balaṃ, balāni, balavā	strength, power, strong
bāḷha	very much
bāḷhagilāno (bāḷha + gilāno)	very sick (very + sick)
bālo	fool
bandhanaṃ, bandhanā, bandhanañca, bandhante, bandhati, bandhanti	ties, tied
bhabbarūpova (bhabbarūpo + va)	worth becoming (worth becoming + like)
bhabbo	capable
bhadante	O venerable sir, worthy
bhaddakaṃ	noble
bhaddasālamūlaṃ (bhadda + sāla + mūlaṃ), bhaddasālamūle	at the good Sāla tree root (good + Sāla + root)
*bhaddiyaṃ*, bhaddiyo, bhaddiya, bhaddiyā, bhaddiyassa, bhaddiyoti, bhaddiyasuttaṃ	Bhaddiya Thera (THAG V473-V479), Good
bhadrāni	good ones
bhagavā, bhagavato, bhagavatā, bhagavati, bhagavantaṃ, bhagavantaṃyeva, bhagavatopi	Blessed One [Lord Buddha]
bhaggā	broken
bhagini	sister
bhājīyati, bhājīyissati	alms-distribution
bhaṇḍanajātā (bhaṇḍana + jātā)	creating strifes (strifes + birthing)
bhaṇe	king addressing a commoner
bhantacitto (bhanta + citto)	confused mind (confused + mind)
bhante	venerable sir, worthy
bhāsitaṃ, bhāsitā, bhāsitu, bhāsati	speak, spoken, shining
bhātā	brothers
bhatako, bhatakavādena	servant, like a servant
bhāti	appear, shine
bhattaṃ, bhatta, bhattāni, bhattasmiṃ, bhattena	food, eat, eating
bhavaṃ, bho	good sir
bhavamevābhinandati (bhavaṃ + eva + abhinandati)	delights in becoming (becoming + only + delights in)
bhāvanāpāripūriṃ (bhāvanā + pāripūriṃ)	complete development (development + complete)
bhavane	palace, mansion
bhavanirodho (bhava + nirodho), bhavanirodhā	cessation of becomings (becoming + ending)
bhavapaccayā (bhava + paccayā)	because of becoming (becoming + because of)
bhavapareto (bhava + pareto)	afflicted by becomings (becomings + afflicted)
bhavasaṅkhāramavassaji (bhava + saṅkhāraṃ + avassaji)	cutting off formations of becoming (becoming + formations + cutting off)
bhavasatto (bhava + satto)	clinging to becoming (becoming + attached)
bhavassa, bhavena, bhavati, bhavanti, bhavasmā, bhaveyyāsi, bhavissati, bhavissatī, bhavissanti	becoming, will become, will be
bhavataṇhā (bhava + taṇhā)	craving for becoming (becoming + craving)
bhavavippahānāya (bhava + vi + p + pahānāya)	abandoning becomings (becoming + fully + abandoning)
bhāvitaṃ, bhāvitā, bhāvetabbā	develop
bhāvitattena	developed one [Arahant]
bhavo, bhavā	be, becoming
bhayadassāvī (bhaya + dassāvī)	seeing fear (fear + seeing) [Arahant]
bhayaṃ, bhāyāma, bhāyatha, bhāyati	fear, fearful, fearfulness
bhedo, bhedā	division, breakup
bhibhūtena (same as abhibhūtena)	conquered by
bhikkhugaṇassa (bhikkhu + gaṇassa)	assembly of Bhikkhus (Bhikkhu + assembly)
bhikkhuṃ, bhikkhu, bhikkhū, bhikkhavo, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi, bhikkhūhī, bhikkhuno, bhikkhunā, bhikkhūnaṃ, bhikkhuniyo, bhikkhunīhi, bhikkhūnīhi	Untranslated
bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, bhikkhusaṅgho, bhikkhusaṅghā, bhikkhusaṅghopi, bhikkhusaṅghañca (bhikkhu + saṅghaṃ + ca), bhikkhusaṅghassa, bhikkhusaṅghena, bhikkhusaṅghenā	Bhikkhu Saṅgha, Bhikkhu Saṅgha too (Bhikkhu + Saṅgha + too)
bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto (bhikkhu + saṅgha + parivuto)	accompanied by Bhikkhu Saṅgha (Bhikkhu + Saṅgha + accompanied)
bhikkhusatāni (bhikkhu + satāni)	hundred Bhikkhus (Bhikkhus + hundred)
bhiṃsanako	alarming
bhindissati, bhindiṃsu	will breakup, having broken-up
bhinnena	broken
bhittiṃ	wall
bhīto	afraid
bhiyyosomattāya (bhiyyo + somattāya)	very kindly (much + patience)
bhogajāniṃ (bhoga + jāniṃ)	loss of pleasures (pleasures + decay)
bhogakkhandhaṃ (bhoga + k + khandhaṃ)	aggregate of pleasure (pleasure + aggregate)
bhoge, bhogehi, bhogānañca	pleasures, partake, snake coil
bhojanīyaṃ, bhojanīyena, bhojetvā, bhuñjitvā	chewables, eating, having eaten
bhoti, bhotiyā	O good lady
bhusañca, bhusassa	chaff
bhūtā, bhūtāni, bhūtānaṃ, bhuttassa, bhūtassa	beings, becoming, has become, from become
bhūtapubbaṃ (bhūta + pubbaṃ)	in the past (existed + before)
bhūtaratā (bhūta + ratā)	delighting in becoming (becoming + delighting)
bhuttāvissa, bhuttāviṃ	having eaten
*bimbisāro*	Seniya Bimbisāra, King of Magadha Janapada, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
bodhi	enlightenment
bodhirukkhamūle (bodhi + rukkha + mūle)	at root of Bodhi tree (Bodhi + tree + at root)
bodhisattamātaro (bodhisatta + mātaro)	mother of being destined for enlightenment (enlightenment destined + mother) [Lord Buddha’s Mother, Māyadevi]
bodhisattesu	Bodhisatta, a being destined for enlightenment, usually used for Lord Buddha
bodhivaggo (bodhi + vaggo)	section on enlightenment (enlightenment + section)
bojjhaṅgā (bojjha or bodhi + aṅgā)	factors of enlightenment (enlightenment + limbs)
brahmacārayo, brahmacārino	farer of holy-life [Arahant]
brahmacāripaṭiññaṃ (brahmacāri + paṭiññaṃ), brahmacāripaṭiñño	pretending to be a farer of holy-life (farer of holy-life + pretending)
brahmacariyaṃ (brahma + cariyaṃ), brahmacariya, brahmacariyanti, brahmacariye, brahmacariyeti	faring the holy-life (holy-life + faring)
brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ (brahma + cariya + pariyosānaṃ)	end of faring the holy-life (holy-life + faring + end)
*brāhmaṇa*, brāhmaṇo, brāhmaṇā, brāhmaṇassa, brahmaññā, brahmaññaṃ	Brāhmaṇa, highest in the Indian four-class hierarchy, also used for an Arahant [Arahant]
brāhmaṇagahapatikā (brāhmaṇa + gahapatikā), brāhmaṇagahapatikehi	brāhmaṇa house-holders (brāhmaṇa + house-holders)
brāhmaṇagāmo (brāhmaṇa + gāmo)	brāhmaṇa village (brāhmaṇa + village)
brāhmaṇajātiko (brāhmaṇa + jātiko)	born as brāhmaṇa (brāhmaṇa + birth)
brāhmaṇakārakā (brāhmaṇa + kārakā)	brāhmaṇa doing (brāhmaṇa + doing)
brāhmaṇakaraṇā (brāhmaṇa + karaṇā)	making one a brāhmaṇa (brāhmaṇa + making)
brāhmaṇakule (brāhmaṇa + kule)	brāhmaṇa family (brāhmaṇa + family)
brāhmaṇaparisaṃ (brāhmaṇa + parisaṃ)	brāhmaṇa assembly (brāhmaṇa + assembly)
brāhmaṇasuttaṃ (brāhmaṇa + suttaṃ)	brāhmaṇa sutta (brāhmaṇa + sutta)
brahmavādaṃ (brahma + vādaṃ)	Brahma talk (Brahma + talk)
brahmunāpi	Brahma too
brūhayanti	cultivate, augment
brūmi	call, tell, designate
buddhacakkhunā (buddha + cakkhunā)	by Buddha eyes (Buddha + by eyes)
buddhappamukhaṃ (buddha + p + pamukhaṃ), buddhappamukho	headed by Lord Buddha (Lord Buddha + as chief)
buddho, buddhā, buddhāna, buddhānaṃ	Untranslated [Lord Buddha], enlightened in V5 and V39 [Arahant]
byādhippabāḷho (byādhi + p + pabāḷho)	very sick (sick + very strongly)
byagā	depart, perishable
byāpādassa	ill-will
byāpādavitakko (byāpāda + vitakko), byāpādavitakkena	thought of ill-will (ill-will + thought)
byasanaṃ	destruction
byāvaṭo same as vyāvaṭo	obstructed
ca, cā, cāpi (ca + api), cāti	and, too, and too (and + too)
cāgaṃ	munificence
cāha (ca + āha)	and they said (and + they said)
cāhaṃ (ca + ahaṃ)	and I (and + I), and I am (and + I am)
cāhu (ca + ahu)	and was (and + is)
cakkacchinnaṃ (cakka + c + chinnaṃ), cakkacchinnā	churned by [cart] wheels (wheels + cut-off)
cakkhumā, cakkhumanto, cakkhumatā, cakkhunā	one with eyes [Lord Buddha], vision
*cālike*, cālikāyaṃ	Cālika area
calitaṃ, calite	moving
camhi (ca + amhi)	and I am (and + I am)
candimā	moon
candimasūriyā (candima + sūriyā)	moon-sun (moon + sun)
caṅkamanti	walk
capalā, capale	unsteady
*cāpālaṃ*, cāpāle	Cāpāla shrine
caparaṃ (ca + paraṃ)	and after (and + after)
carā	spies
caramekato (caraṃ + ekato)	one dwelling (dwelling + someone)
care, carahi, careyyā, carāmi, carati, caranti, carasi, cāriyanti, carissāmā, caramāno, caramānā, carantaṃ, caranto, carantā, carituṃ, caritvā	dwell, will dwell, farer, having dwelt
cārikaṃ	walk on alms-round
cassa (ca + assa), cāsi, chasu	and is (and + is)
cattāro, cattāri, cattārīsaṃ, cattāropi, caturo	four
catthāya (ca + atthāya)	and for reason (and + for benefit)
catugguṇaṃ (catu + g + guṇaṃ)	four qualities (four + qualities)
catutthaṃ, catuttho	fourth
catutthanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ (catuttha + nibbāna + paṭisaṃyutta + suttaṃ)	fourth connected to Nibbāna sutta (fourth + Nibbāna + connected to + sutta)
catuyogātigato (catu + yoga + atigato)	surmounting four bonds (four + bonds + surmounting) [Arahant]
catuyojanasatikāpi (catu + yojana + satika + api)	four hundred yojanā too (four + yojana + hundred + too)
cāyaṃ (ca + ayaṃ)	and this (and this)
ce, cepi (ce + pi)	even, if ([even, if] + too)
cetaṃ (ca + etaṃ)	and this (and + this)
cetarahi (ca + etarahi)	and presently (and + presently)
cetiyaṃ, cetiye	shrine
ceto, cetaso, cetasā	mind
cetoparivitakkamaññāya (ceto + parivitakkaṃ + aññāya)	knowing the mental reflection (mental + thought + knowing)
cetovimuttiṃ (ceto + vi + muttiṃ), cetovimuttiyā	fully freed mind (mind + fully + freed)
cetovivaraṇasappāyā (ceto + vivaraṇa + sappāyā)	beneficial mental reflection (mental + reflection + beneficial)
ceva (ca + eva)	and so (and + so)
cha, chaṭṭhaṃ, chaṭṭho, chapi (cha + pi)	six, sixth, six too (six + too)
chamā, chamāyaṃ (see dharaṇī, mahiṃ, pathaviṃ, pathavī, pathaviñca, paṭhaviṃ, puthavī, puthaviyā, vasundharā)	ground, floor, earth, on ground
chambhitattaṃ	trembling
channaṃ	roof
channamativassati (channaṃ + ativassati)	rains hard on roof (roof + rains hard)
chārikā	ashes
chaṭṭhamavaggavaraṃ (chaṭṭhama + vagga + varaṃ), chaṭṭhamavaggavaranti	Sixth the highest section (sixth + section + highest)
chetvā	having cut-off
chinnaggāni (chinna + aggāni)	rough (cut-off + front/top)
chinnaṃ	cut-off
chinnasotaṃ (chinna + sotaṃ)	one with stream cut-off (cut-off + stream) [Arahant]
cidaṃ (ca + idaṃ)	and this (and + this)
ciradiṭṭho (cira + diṭṭho)	for a long time I have seen (long time + seen)
ciraṃ, cirassaṃ	for a long time
ciranisinno (cira + nisinno), ciranisinnā	sitting for a long time (long time + sitting)
cirapaṭikāhaṃ (cirapaṭika + ahaṃ)	for a long time I (for a long time + I)
cittaṃ, cittāni, cittena	mind
cīvaraṃ	robe
cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ (cīvara + piṇḍa + pāta + senāsana + gilāna + paccaya + bhesajja + parikkhārānaṃ)	necessities of robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicines for the sick (robes + lump + bowl + lodging + sick + requisite + medicine + necessities)
cīyati	heap-up, heaping-up
codito	urged
corā	thieves
cudatāri (ca + udatāri) (see udatāri)	and crossed-over (and + crossed-over)
*cūḷapanthakaṃ*, cūḷapanthako, cullapanthako, cūlapanthako, cūḷapanthakasuttaṃ	Cūḷapanthaka Thera (THAG V557-V566), Young Wayfarer
cūḷo, cūlavaggo (cūla + vaggo), cūḷavaggo, cullavaggo	smaller section (small + section)
*cundakaṃ*, cundo, cundako, cundaka	(1) Cunda Kammāraputta, he provided the last meal to Lord Buddha (2) Mahācunda Thera (THAG V141-V142), Great Ivory Worker
*cundaṃ*, cundo, cundopi, cunda, cundassa, cundena, cundasuttaṃ	Cunda son of smith, he provided the last meal to Lord Buddha
cundassānanda (cundassa + ānanda)	of Cunda Ānanda (of Cunda + Ānanda)
cutiṃ	fall, passing-away, dying
cutūpapāto (cuta + ūpapāto), cutūpapāte	passing-arising (passing + arising)
*dabba*, dabbo, dabbassa, dabbena	Dabba Mallaputta Thera (THAG V5), Wise, Able
dadato, daḍḍhaṃ, dadeyyaṃ	give, giving, may give, having given
daharamāṇavikā (dahara + māṇavikā)	young woman (young + woman)
dahetha	burning
dakkhantīti, dakkhissasi	seeing, will see
dakkhiṇajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ (dakkhiṇa + jāṇu + maṇḍalaṃ)	right knee (right + knee + cap)
dakkhiṇaṃ	south, southern direction
dakkhiṇamādise (dakkhiṇaṃ + ādise)	speak of offering (giving + speak)
*dakkhiṇapatho*	southern India (southern + path)
dakkhiṇena	right side
daḷhaparakkamo (daḷha + parakkamo)	strives greatly (greatly + striving) [Arahant]
daliddavisikhā (dalidda + visikhā)	street of poor (poor + street)
ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapa (ḍaṃsa + makasa + vātā + tapa + sarīsapa)	gadfly-mosquito-wind-heat-creeping things (gadfly + mosquito + wind + heat + creeping things)
dānāhaṃ (idāna + ahaṃ) same as idānihaṃ	here I (here + I)
dānakathaṃ (dāna + kathaṃ)	talk on giving (giving + talk)
dānaṃ	donation, giving
daṇḍena, daṇḍehipi, daṇḍasuttaṃ (daṇḍa + suttaṃ)	walking stick, punishment, punishment sutta (punishment + sutta)
dāni same as idāni, dānisi	now, here
dantaṃ	tamed [Arahant]
danto	tamed, teeth here ivory
dārakaṃ, dāraka	young one
*dārucīriyo (*dāru + cīriyo), dārucīriyaṃ, dārucīriyassa	Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera (Bāhiya + wearer of bark-tree clothes)
dasa, dasapi, dasamaṃ, dasāti	ten, tenth
dasavaggaṃ (dasa + vaggaṃ)	group of ten (ten + section of)
dassanakāmo (dassana + kāmo), dassanakāmamhā	desirous of seeing (seeing + desirous)
dassanāya, dassanāyā	to see
dassanīyatarā, dassanīyatarāni	better looking
dassehī, dassesi, dassitaṃ, dassetvā	show, point out, instructed, having shown
dātu, dātukāmo, datvā	giver, having given
ḍayhāmi, ḍayhāmī, ḍayhamānassa	on fire, burning
dehaṃ (see kāyo, kāyaṃ, kāyena, kāye, kaḷevaraṃ, kaḷevare, pūtikāyena)	body
desentaṃ, desento, deseti, desetī, desenti, desessanti, desessantī, desetu	preaching, preached
*devadatto*	Devadatta, cousin of Lord Buddha
devadudrabhiyo	no meaning
devadundubhiyo (deva + dundubhiyo)	thunder (deva + kettle-drum)
devakāyā (deva + kāyā)	devā world (devā + body/group)
devaṃ, devo, deva, devā, devānaṃ, devāpi, deve, devehi, devesu, devatā, devatāpi, devatāyo, devatāya	Untranslated, in devā realms, rain
devamanussāna (deva + manussāna), devamanussehi	of devā and humans (of devā + humans)
devānamindaṃ (devānam + indaṃ), devānamindo, devānamindassa	devā-king (devā + king) literally Indra among devā
devasikaṃ	daily
devatānukampito (devatā + anukampito)	for whom devatā are compassionate (devatā + compassionate)
devatāsatāni (devatā + satāni)	hundred devatā (devatā + hundred)
deviṃ, devī, deviyā (all feminine)	female deva, also used for queens or females in general
dhammacakkhuṃ (dhamma + cakkhuṃ)	Dhamma eye (Dhamma + eye)
dhammacārino (dhamma + cārino)	Dhamma-farer (Dhamma + farer) [Arahant]
dhammadesanā (dhamma + desanā), dhammadesanāya	Dhamma preaching (Dhamma + preaching)
dhammadharā (dhamma + dharā)	bearers of Dhamma (Dhamma + bearers) [Arahant]
dhammādhikaraṇaṃ (dhamma + adhikaraṇaṃ)	with Dhamma questions (Dhamma + because of)
dhammaṃ, dhammo, dhammā, dhamme, dhammesu, dhammena, dhammānaṃ, dhammañca (dhammaṃ + ca)	Untranslated
dhammānudhammappaṭipannā (dhamma + anudhamma + p + paṭipannā)	practicing Dhamma in fullness (Dhamma – major and minor + practicing) [Arahant]
dhammasenāpatinā (dhamma + senā + patinā)	Dhamma general (Dhamma + army + lord)
dhammassānudhammaṃ (dhammassa + anudhammaṃ)	Dhamma in fullness (Dhamma – major and minor)
dhammavinayaṃ (dhamma + vinayaṃ), dhammavinayo, dhammavinaye	Dhamma-Vinayā (Dhamma + Vinayā)
dhammī, dhammiyā	Dhamma follower
dhanusippaṃ (dhanu + sippaṃ)	archery (bow + craft)
dhārā	stream, rain
dhāresi, dhāreti, dhāretu, dhāreyya, dhārayantena	bears, bearing, wearing
dhāvati	running
dhipātā (same as adhipātā)	moth
dhīraṃ, dhīro	patient one
dhunamānassa	shake, shaking
dhutavādaṃ, dhutavādo	austerities, one who practices austerities, one advocating austerities [Arahant]
dibbena, dibbāya	divine
dīgharattaṃ (dīgha + rattaṃ)	long time (long + night)
dīghena	long
disaṃ, diso, disā, disāya, disāyaṃ	adversary (see DHP V42), directions
dissati, dissatī, diṭṭhaṃ, diṭṭho, diṭṭhosi, diṭṭhe, diṭṭheva, disvā, disvāna, disvānassa, disvānassā, diṭṭā, diṭṭhā	looks, seen, having seen, seen here, visible
diṭṭhadhammo (diṭṭha + dhammo)	having seen the Dhamma (visible + Dhamma) [Arahant]
diṭṭhamattaṃ (diṭṭha + mattaṃ)	only seen (seen + only)
diṭṭhapado (diṭṭha + pado)	one seeing (seeing + station)
diṭṭhiṃ, diṭṭhīsu	views
divā, divassa, divassā, divassayeva	day, daytime
divādivasseva (divā + divassa + eva), divādivasseyeva	early morning (day + early day)
divāvihāraṃ (divā + vihāraṃ), divāvihārāyā (see vihāraṃ, vihārā, vihāradānaṃ, vihārake)	day abiding (day + dwelling)
diviyaṃ	divine
dīyati, diyyati, dīyamānaṃ	giving, gave
doso, dosajehipi, dosantaro	hate, with hate
dubbaṇṇaṃ (du + v + vaṇṇaṃ)	unattractive (bad + color/complexion)
duddasaṃ (du + d + dasaṃ)	hard to see (hard + see)
duddasikaṃ (du + d + dasikaṃ)	bad-looking (bad + looking)
duddiṭṭhī (du + d + diṭṭhī)	bad view (bad + view)
duggatiṃ (du + g + gatiṃ), duggatiyo	bad destination (bad + destination)
dujjānaṃ (du + j + jānaṃ)	ill-known, difficult to know (hard + knowing)
dukkaraṃ (du + k + karaṃ), dukkarā	difficult to do (hard + to do)
dukkhakkhandhassa (dukkha + k + khandhassa)	aggregate of suffering (suffering + aggregate)
dukkhakkhayagāminiyā (dukkha + k + khaya + gāminiyā)	leading to ending of suffering (suffering + ending + leading)
dukkhaṃ, dukkha, dukkhā, dukkhāni, dukkhāhi, dukkhassa, dukkhassā, dukkhamidaṃ	suffering, suffering here
dukkhamappiyaṃ (dukkhaṃ + a + p + piyaṃ)	suffering is not dear (suffering + not + dear)
dukkhamessatī	future suffering
dukkhito	unhappy literally one who is suffering
dulladdhaṃ (du + l + laddhaṃ)	not well-gained (hard + gain)
duppaññena (du + p + paññena), duppaññenā	unwise (bad + wisdom)
duratikkamā (du + r + atikkamā)	hard to transcend (hard + transcend)
durativatta (du + r + ativatta)	hard to go beyond (hard + go beyond)
dūratova (dūrato + va)	far (far + like)
dussīlaṃ (du + s + sīlaṃ), dussīlo, dussīlā, dussīlassa	unvirtuous (bad + virtue)
dūtaṃ	messenger
dutiyabodhisuttaṃ (dutiya + bodhi + suttaṃ)	second enlightenment sutta (second + Bodhi tree + sutta)
dutiyadabbasuttaṃ (dutiya + dabba + suttaṃ)	second Dabba sutta (second + Dabba + sutta)
dutiyalakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ (dutiya + lakuṇḍaka + bhaddiya + suttaṃ)	second Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya sutta (second + Lakuṇḍaka + Bhaddiya + sutta)
dutiyaṃ, dutiyo, dutiyampi	second
dutiyanānātitthiyasuttaṃ (dutiya + nānā + titthiya + suttaṃ)	second various sectarians sutta (second + various + sectarians + sutta)
dutiyanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ (dutiya + nibbāna + paṭisaṃyutta + suttaṃ)	second connected to Nibbāna sutta (second + Nibbāna + connected to + sutta)
dutiyasattasuttaṃ (dutiya + satta + suttaṃ)	second clinging sutta (second + clinging + sutta)
dvārena	by door
dve, dvepi, dvayaṃ, dvinnaṃ, dveme (dve + ime)	two, these two (two + these)
dvedhāpathaṃ (dve + idhā + pathaṃ), dvidhāpathaṃ, dvidhāpatho	forked path (two + here + road), confusion
dvidhāpathasuttaṃ (dve + idhā + patha + suttaṃ)	forked path sutta (two + here + road + sutta)
dviyojanasatikāpi (dvi + yojana + satika + api)	two hundred yojanā too (two + yojana + hundred + too)
ediso	such
ehi	come
eka	alone, one, by oneself, solitary
ekabhattaṃ (eka + bhattaṃ) same as ekāsanī	eating once a day (one + sitter) [Arahant] Fifth of the thirteen Austerities
ekacaro (eka + caro)	solitary dweller (solitary + dweller) [Arahant]
ekacce, ekaccānaṃ	some, someone
ekaggacitto (eka + agga + citto)	concentrated mind (one + pointed + mind)
ekajjhaṃ	in same place
ekaṃ, ekako, ekakomhi, ekakamhā, ekakamhi	one, alone
ekamantaṃ (ekaṃ + antaṃ)	on one side (one + side)
ekamekaṃ	slowly-slowly
ekaṃsaṃ (ekaṃ + aṃsaṃ)	on one shoulder (one + shoulder)
ekaṅgadassino (eka + aṅga + dassino)	seer of one limb (one + limb + seer)
ekantanibbidāya (ekanta + nibbidāya)	solitary disenchantment (one side + disenchantment)
ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ (ekanta + pari + puṇṇaṃ)	completely fulfilled (one-ended + completely + fulfill)
ekantaparisuddhaṃ (ekanta + pari + suddhaṃ)	completely purified (one-ended + completely + clean)
ekapallaṅkena (eka + pallaṅkena)	cross-legged (single + cross-legged)
ekaputtakasuttaṃ (eka + puttaka + suttaṃ)	only son sutta (one + son + sutta)
ekaputtako (eka + puttako), ekaputto	only son (one + son)
ekaraso (eka + raso)	one taste (one + taste)
ekarattiparivāsena (eka + ratti + parivāsena)	one night dwelling (one + night + dwelling)
ekāro	one-axled
ekasāṭakā (eka + sāṭakā), ekasāṭake, ekasāṭakesu	wearing one cloth (one + clothed)
ekaseyyaṃ (eka + seyyaṃ)	sleeping one time (one + bed)
ekavasso (eka + vasso)	one year (one + rains)
ekavihāre (eka + vihāre)	in one monastic dwelling (one + monastic dwelling)
eko, eke, ekopi, ke	solitary, one, one time, someone, alone
esevanto (esa + eva + anto)	just this is the end (this + is + end)
eso, esa, esāhaṃ, esā	there, this, that person, her
etadahosi (etaṃ + ahosi)	occurred thus (this + occurred)
etadavocaṃ, etadavocuṃ, etadavoca (etaṃ + avoca)	addressed thus (this + said)
etadeke (etad + eke)	this one (this + one)
etaṃ, etañca (etaṃ + ca)	this, and this (this + and)
etamatthaṃ (etaṃ + atthaṃ)	for this reason (this + aim)
etamhā (ete + amhā)	for us (here + us)
etāni	these
etarahi	at present, presently
etasmā	therefore
ete, etete, tete	these
ettakampi	thus, so great, so much
ettha	here
evadiṭṭhino (evaṃ + diṭṭhino)	of thus view (thus + of view)
evāhaṃ (evaṃ + ahaṃ)	thus I (thus + I)
evaṃ, evampi, evañca, evañhi	thus, in this way, thus too
evamāha (evaṃ + āha), evamāhaṃsu	thus said (thus + said)
evamārocesi (evaṃ + ārocesi), evamāroceti	thus informed (thus + announced)
evamāvuso (evaṃ + āvuso)	thus friend (thus + friend)
evaṃdiṭṭhino (evaṃ + diṭṭhino)	with such view (with such + view)
evametaṃ (evaṃ + etaṃ), evametassa	thus this (thus + this)
evamevaṃ, evameva (evaṃ + eva)	like that (just + so)
evamuparipi (evaṃ + upari + pi)	thus further too (thus + beyond + too)
evaṃvādino (evaṃ + vādino)	thus speaker (thus + speaker)
evarūpaṃ (evaṃ + rūpaṃ), evarūpiṃ, evarūpo, evarūpāni, evarūpassa, evarūpāya	like this (this + form)
evarūpamakāsī (evaṃ + rūpaṃ + akāsī)	made like this (this + form + made)
gabbhaṃ, gabbhinī	embryo, pregnant woman
gabbhinīsuttaṃ (gabbhinī + suttaṃ)	pregnant woman sutta (pregnant woman + sutta)
gaccha, gacche, gacchāmi, gacchāmā, gacchāhī, gacchatha, gacchati, gacchatī, gacchatīti, gacchanti, gamissanti, gaccheyya, gacchantassa, gacchāmahaṃ, gaccheyyāhaṃ	go, goes, going, gone, I go, having gone
gādhati	firm footing
gadhitā, gadhite, gathitā	bonded
gahakāraṃ (gaha + kāraṃ), gahakārakaṃ, gahakāraka	builder of the house (house + builder)
gahakūṭaṃ (gaha + kūṭaṃ)	center-pole (house + pole)
gahapatayo	house-holders
gahapatiparisaṃ (gahapati + parisaṃ)	house-holder council (house-holder + council)
gahetvā	holding, having gathered, took
gāme	in village
gaṇanāsippaṃ (gaṇanā + sippaṃ)	accounting (counting + craft)
gaṇasmā	gathering
*gandhabbā*	Gandhabbā (Sanskrit Gāndharva), celestial musician
gandhe	smell
*gaṅgaṃ*, gaṅgā, gaṅgāya	Gaṅgā river
gaṇhāhi, gaṇhatha	possessing, choosing
gaṇikā, gaṇikāya	courtesan
gaṇikāsuttaṃ (gaṇikā + suttaṃ)	courtesan sutta (courtesan + sutta)
garukato, garukatā	respected
gata, gate, gantuṃ, gantvā, gantvāna, gantukāmā, gantukāme	gone, having gone, going, desirous of going
gāthaṃ, gāthāhi, gāthāya	verse, verses
gatiṃ, gati	destination, speed
gattāni	limbs
gavesanto	searching, seeking
gāvī	cow
*gayāsīse* (gayā + sīse)	at Gayāsīsa (Gayā + at head)
*gayāyaṃ*	Gayā city, near Bodhgayā in Bihar, India
gehaṃ	house
ghānena	nose
gharaṃ, gharā	house
gharāvāso	household life
ghaṭiyā	from the pot
ghāyituṃ	to smell
*ghositārāme* (ghosita + ārāme)	in Ghosita’s Monastery (Ghosita + in Monastery)
giddhā, giddhe	greedy
gihinā	house, house-holder
gopālakaṃ (go + pālakaṃ), gopālako, gopālo, gopālakena, gopālakassa	cowherd (cow + protector)
gopālakasuttaṃ (go + pālaka + suttaṃ)	cowherd sutta (cow + protector + sutta)
gopito	guarded, protected
*gotama,* gotamo	son of the Gotama family [Lord Buddha]
*gotamadvāraṃ* (gotama + dvāraṃ)	Gotama gate (Gotama + door)
*gotamakaṃ*	Gotamaka shrine
*gotamatitthaṃ* (gotama + titthaṃ)	Gotama Ghat (Gotama + ford)
guttaṃ	guarded [Arahant]
hanante, hananti	oppress, oppressed, killed
handa	alas!
handāvuso (handa + āvuso)	alas! friend (alas! + friend)
harāyamāno	ashamed
hatappabho (hata + p + pabho)	radiance destroyed (destroyed + radiance)
hatthato, hatthehi	hand to hand, by hands
hatthicchāpehi (hatthi + c + chāpehi)	elephant calves (elephants + young)
hatthikalabhehi (hatthi + kalabhehi)	baby elephants (elephant + babies)
hatthiṃ, hatthī, hatthīhi, hatthino, hatthissa feminine: hatthinīhi, hatthiniyo	elephants
hatthināgo (hatthi + nāgo), hatthināgassa	big elephant (elephant + nāga)
hatthisippaṃ (hatthi + sippaṃ)	elephantry (elephant + craft)
have	indeed, certainly
hemantikāsu	wintry, Hemantikā season (one of the six seasons – Vasant, Grishma, Vassa, Sharad, Hemant, Shishir, each of two months)
hetaṃ (hi + etaṃ)	this, surely here, possible here
hetu	cause, sake of
hi	emphatic particle (is, were) not always directly translated
himapātasamaye (hima + pāta + samaye)	at snow-fall time (snow + fall + at time)
hiṃse, hiṃsati	done violence
hīnāyāvattissāmī (hīnāyā + vattissāmī), hīnāyāvattissasī	live the low life (low life + live)
hitāya	for welfare
hitesinā	well-wishers
hitvā	having abandoned
hohi, hosi, hoti, hotī, honti, hotu	is, does, happens, be, become
huṃhuṅkajātiko (huṃhuṅka + jātiko), huhuṅkajātiko	conceited (noisy + born)
huṃhuṅkasuttaṃ (huṃhuṅka + suttaṃ)	conceited sutta (noisy + sutta)
huṃhuṅko	conceited, noisy
hurā huraṃ	in various existences, here-there
iccete	here
*icchānaṅgalako*	Man from Icchānaṅgala
icchati, iccheyyāsi, icchāmahaṃ, iccheyyāhaṃ, iccheyyāmahaṃ	wish, wishes, I wish
idaṃ, idameva, imaṃ, imāni, imāhi (feminine)	this, these
idāni same as dāni	now, here
iddhañceva (iddhaṃ + ca + eva)	successful
iddhānubhāvo (iddhi + ānubhāvo)	this power (this + might)
iddhipādā (iddhi + pādā)	bases of supernormal power (supernormal power + bases)
idha, idhāhaṃ (idha + ahaṃ)	here, here itself (here + itself)
idhāgamanāyā (idha + āgamanāyā)	come here (here + come)
idhūpasaṅkamantā (idha + ūpasaṅkamantā), idhūpasaṅkantā	approached here (here + approached)
īdiso	of this kind, of this type
imasmiṃ, imasmiṃyeva	in/among this one
imassa, imāya, iminā, imissā, imissāyeva	this
imassānanda (imassa + ānanda)	this Ānanda (this + Ānanda)
imassuppādā (imassa + uppādā)	this arising (this + arising)
ime, imesu, imesaṃ	these
iṅgha	come!
īsādantassa (īsā + dantassa)	great ivoried (plough pole + tooth)
issariyaṃ	supremacy
iti, itipi	thus
itibhavābhavatañca (iti + bhavaṃ + abhava + taṃ + ca)	for becoming or not becoming (thus + this or that life + cause)
itiheke (itihi + eke)	some in oral tradition (oral tradition + some)
ito	from here
ittaraṃ, ittarena	short
itthattāyā	here, in this world
itthiṃ	woman
itthisatāni (itthi + satāni)	hundred women (women + hundred)
jaccandhavaggo (jac + c + andha + vaggo)	born blind section (born + blind + section)
jaccandho (jac + c + andho), jaccandhā, jaccandhe, jaccandhehi, jaccandhānaṃ	born blind (born + blind)
jahe, jahāti, jahanti	abandoning, abandons, should abandon
jālasañchannā (jāla + sañchannā)	covered by the web (web + covered)
jalato	blazing
janaṃ, jano, janā, janasmiṃ	people
*janapadakalyāṇī* (janapada + kalyāṇī)	bringer of fortune for the republic (republic + bringer of fortune)
janapadaṃ, janapade, janapadesu	Republic
jānato, jaññā, jānāti, jānanti	know, knowing
jāneyyāsi	would know
jaṅghavihāraṃ (jaṅgha + vihāraṃ), jaṅghāvihāraṃ	walking (lower legs + walking)
*jantugāmaṃ,* jantugāme	Jantugāma Village
jarāmaraṇaṃ (jarā + maraṇaṃ)	old age and death (old age + death)
jarāmaraṇamanventi (jarā + maraṇaṃ + anventi)	follow old age and death (old age + death + follow)
jātarūpaṃ	gold
jātarūparajataṃ (jātarūpa + rajataṃ)	gold-silver (gold + silver)
jātavedaso, jātavedassa	fire
jāti, jātassa	birth
jaṭilā, jaṭile, jaṭilesu	matted-hair ascetic
jaṭilasuttaṃ (jaṭila + suttaṃ)	matted-hair ascetics sutta (matted-hair ascetics + sutta)
jātimetīti	birth
jātinirodho (jāti + nirodho), jātinirodhā	cessation of birth (birth + cessation)
jātipaccayā (jāti + paccayā)	because of birth (birth + because of)
jātisaṃsāro (jāti + saṃsāro)	births and round of existences (birth + round of existences)
jātisatāni (jāti + satāni)	hundred births (births + hundred)
jātu (as in na jātu or mā jātu)	never
*jetavanaṃ*, jetavanā, jetavane, jetavanassa	Jeta’s Forest in the City of Sāvatthi, in Jeta’s Forest
jhāpetha, jhāpetvā	consumed, burnt
jhāyamānassa, jhāyamānesu	on fire
jhāyato, jhāyino	meditating, doing jhāna, does jhāna
jigucchamāno	disgustful translated as despise in THIG
jito	won
jīvalokasmiṃ (jīva + lokasmiṃ)	in the mortal-world (life + world)
jīvaṃ, jīvitaṃ, jīvitampi, jīveyya, jīvitā, jīvitassa, jīvitahetupi	lifespan, life, until life lasts, to live, soul
jivhāya	tongue
jīvitantarāyānaṃ (jīvita + antarāyānaṃ)	life-span length (life-span + dangers)
jotanti	light-up
juhante, juhanti	offering, sacrifice
juṇhaṃ, juṇhā, juṇhāya	moon-lit night
ka, kā (feminine)	who, what, which
*kaccāno,* kaccānasuttaṃ	Mahākaccāyana Thera (THAG V494-V501), Kaccāyana the Great, Golden Man
kacci, kaccisi	interrogative, expressing doubt, perhaps, surely
kāci	whoever, whichever
kadāci	sometimes, never, when, what time, at times, perhaps, from time to time, when will I
kahaṃ	where
kākapeyyā (kāka + peyyā)	crow can drink (crow + drinkable)
*kakudhā,* kakutthā, kukuṭā, kukuṭṭhaṃ, kukuṭṭhā	Kakudhā River
kakuṭapādānaṃ (kakuṭa + pādānaṃ), kakuṭapādāna, kakuṭapādāni, kakuṭapādānī	dove-footed (dove + footed)
kalabhāgampi (kalabhāgaṃ + pi)	fraction too (fraction + too)
kalahajātā (kalaha + jātā)	quarrelling (quarrels + born)
kālakataṃ (kāla + kataṃ), kālaṅkataṃ, kālaṅkato, kālaṅkatā, kālaṅkatāni, kālaṅkaroti	passed away (time + done)
kalaṃ	part
kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasi	are not even a sixteenth part
kālaṃ, kālo, kālena, kāleneva	time
kālamakāsi	bides time, awaits death
*kalandakanivāpe* (kalandaka + nivāpe)	Squirrel Sanctuary (squirrel + food)
kālayuttaṃ same as kālayuta	presently
*kāḷīgodhāya*	Bhaddiya Son of Kāḷigodhā Thera (THAG V842-V865)
kallacittaṃ (kalla + cittaṃ)	amenable minded (open + minded)
kalyāṇadhammā (kalyāṇa + dhammā)	good-doer (good + Dhamma) [Arahant]
kalyāṇamittassetaṃ (kalyāṇa + mittassa + etaṃ)	this good friendship (good + friendship + this)
kalyāṇamitto (kalyāṇa + mitto)	has a good friend (good + friend) [Arahant]
kalyāṇasahāyo (kalyāṇa + sahāyo), kalyāṇasahāyassa	good companion (good + companion) [Arahant]
kalyāṇasampavaṅko (kalyāṇa + sampavaṅko), kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa	good confidant (good + confidant) [Arahant]
kalyāṇo, kalyāṇiyā, kalyāṇiyāsi	good, bringer of fortune
kāmabandhoghatārinaṃ (kāma + bandha + ogha + tārinaṃ)	one crossed-over the flood and tie of sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + tie + flood + crossed-over)
kāmabhoginā (kāma + bhoginā)	partaker of sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + partaker)
kāmaguṇehi (kāma + guṇehi)	characteristic of sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + characteristic)
kāmakaṇṭako (kāma + kaṇṭako)	thorn of sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + thorn)
kāmānaṃ, kāmesu	sensual pleasure(s)
kāmandhā (kāma + andhā)	blinded by sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + blinded)
kāmasaṅgasattā (kāma + saṅga + sattā)	beings/attached and clinging to sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + clinging + attached/beings)
kāmasukhaṃ (kāma + sukhaṃ)	happiness of sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + happiness)
kāmavitakko (kāma + vitakko), kāmavitakkena	thought of sensual pleasures (sensual pleasures + thoughts)
kammaṃ, kammassa	Untranslated
*kammāraputtaṃ* (kammāra + puttaṃ), kammāraputto, kammāraputtassa, kammāraputtena, kammārassāti	Cunda son of smith, son of smith (smith + son), he provided the last meal to Lord Buddha
kammavipākajasuttaṃ (kamma + vipākaja + suttaṃ)	results of kamma sutta (kamma + results + sutta)
kaṅkhā	doubt
*kaṅkhārevataṃ,* kaṅkhārevato, kaṅkhārevatasuttaṃ	Kaṅkhārevata Thera (THAG V3), Revata the Doubter
kaṅkhāvitaraṇavisuddhiṃ (kaṅkhā + vitaraṇa + visuddhiṃ)	crossing-over and purification of doubt (doubt + crossing-over + purification)
kaṇṇaṃ, kaṇṇo	ear
kaṇṇanāsacchinnā (kaṇṇa + nāsā + c + chinnā) OR (kaṇṇa + nāsa + c + chinnā)	ear and nose cut-off (ear + nose + cut-off) OR (ear + destroyed + cut-off)
kapaṇavisikhā (kapaṇa + visikhā)	street of miserables (miserables + street)
*kapotakandarāyaṃ* (kapota + kandarāyaṃ)	Dove Grotto (dove + grotto)
kappaṃ	eon
kappāvasesaṃ (kappa + avasesaṃ)	remainder of eon (eon + remainder)
kappema, kappesi, kappeti	made, established, allowable, correct way, suitable, does
kappitakesamassū (kappita + kesa + massū)	trimming hair-beard (cutting-off + hair + beard)
karahaci	sometimes
karaṇīyaṃ, karaṇīya, karaṇīyena	to be done
kare, karissāmi, karissāmī, karissasī, karissasīti, karissati, karissatī, karissatīti, karissatha, karitvā, kareyya, kareyyātha, karomi, karomīti, karoti, karotīti, karonti, karontī, karotha, karonte, karontehī, karontepi, karotu, kāhasi, kārentassa	doing [attending], do, follow, I do, having done, done, will make, will do, should do, to be done, to do, doer
*karerimaṇḍalamāḷo* (kareri + maṇḍala + māḷo), karerimaṇḍalamāḷe, maṇḍalamāḷo, maṇḍalamāḷe	Karerimaṇḍalamāḷa, musk-rose garlands circle (musk-rose + circled + garlands)
karomicāha (karomi + ca + āha)	and said I did (I did + and + said)
kasambujātaṃ (kasambu + jātaṃ), kasambujāto	trash-born (trash + born)
kāsāyāni	brown robes
kāsikacandanaṃ (kāsika + candanaṃ)	Kāsian sandalwood (Kāsian + sandalwood)
kasirena	much trouble
kassaci	whoever, whatever, whichever
*kassapa*, kassapo, kassape, kassapena	Mahākassapa Thera (THAG V1054-V1093), Great Disciple, Foremost in Asceticism
kataṃ, katañhi, katassa	done, having done
katamā, katame, katamena, kataraṃ, kathañhi	which, what, which of the many
kaṭasivaḍḍhanā (kaṭasi + vaḍḍhanā)	increasing the charnel ground (charnel ground + increasing)
kaṭasiyo	charnel ground
kathaṃ, kathā, kathāya, kathesi, katheyyātha	talk, speech
kathāsallāpaṃ (kathā + sallāpaṃ)	conversation (talk + conversation)
kati	how many
kato, kātu, kātuṃ, katvā, katvāna	done, having done
kattha	do, where
kaṭukaṃ, kaṭukāhi	bitter
kavacamivattasambhava (kavacaṃ + iva + atta + sambhava)	where will he become (coat of mail + like + self + become)
kāveyyasippaṃ (kāveyya + sippaṃ), kābyasippaṃ	poetry (poem + craft)
kāyagatā (kāya + gatā), kāyagatāya	directed to body (body + gone)
kāyaṃ, kāyo, kāya, kāyā, kāyassa, kāyena	body
kayirā, kayirātha, kayiramāne	to do, would do
keci	whatever, whoever
kehici	one or another
kena	why
kenacideva	for some
kesamassuṃ (kesaṃ + massuṃ)	hair-beard (hair + beard)
kesehi	head-hair
kevalakappaṃ	entire, only, perfected
kevalassa	entire
kevaṭṭā	fisherman
khādāmi, khādati, khādanti, khādiṃ, khādiṃsu, khādanīyaṃ, khādanīyena	eat, should eat, having eaten, ate, eatables
khalu	truly
khamanīyaṃ	bearable
khaṇanti	dig-up
kharaṃ, kharo, kharāhi	severe
khārivividhamādāya (khāri + vividhaṃ + ādāya), khārīvidhamādāya	taking various grain baskets (grain baskets + various + taking) One of the eight requisites of an ascetic.
khattavijjāsippaṃ (khatta + vijjā + sippaṃ)	political craft (Khattiya + knowledges + craft)
*khattiyā,* khattiyaparisaṃ	Khattiya, the second in the Indian four-class hierarchy
khayaṃ, khayā	end, for ending
khayamajjhagā (khayaṃ + ajjhagā)	attained the ending (ending + attained) [Arahant]
khāyati	seems to be
khīlo	pole, stake
khīṇā	ended
khīṇasaṃyojanā (khīṇa + saṃyojanā)	bondless, fetterless (ended + fetters) [Arahant]
khīṇāsavaṃ (khīṇa + āsavaṃ), khīṇāsavo (see anāsavā, āsavakkhayo, āsavā, āsave)	taintless (ended + taints) [Nibbāna] [Arahant]
khippameva, khippaṃyeva, khippaññeva	quickly
khīrapakova (khīra + pako + va)	like drinking milk (milk + drinking + like), suckling
kho	indeed
khopāṭaligāmiyā (kho + pāṭaligāmiyā)	indeed of Pāṭaligāma (indeed + of Pāṭaligāma)
khuddā	small, inferior
*khuddakanikāye* (khuddaka + nikāye)	in Khuddaka Nikāya (Khuddaka + in Nikāya)
khuddaputtāmhi (khudda + puttāmhi), khuddaputtañhi	little son (hungry + son)
khvetaṃ (kho + etaṃ)	indeed here (indeed + here)
kiccakaraṇīyehi (kicca + karaṇīyehi)	Doing what should be done (to be done + doing)
kicchena	with difficulty
kīdiso	of what kind, of what type
kilantosī, kilantomhī, kilantosmi	exhausted
kiṃ	what, why
kimi	worms
kimikāḷāya (kimika + āḷāya)	residence for worms (worms + residence)
kiñcanaṃ, kiñcana, kiñcāpi, kiñci	possessions, nothing, although, obstructions
kinti	how, what
kira, kirassa, kirāyasmā (kira + āyasmā)	it is said, it is said venerable (it is said + venerable)
kissa	what, of what, whose, whom
kittāvatā	in what ways
kittisaddo (kitti + saddo)	words of fame (fame + word)
kīvabahukā (kīva + bahukā)	how many (how + many)
ko	what
kocañño (koci + añño)	someone other (someone + other)
koci, kocideva	someone, whoever
*kolito*	Mahāmoggalāna Thera (THAG V1149-V1217), Moggalāna the Great, Second of the two Chief Disciples, Kolita was his first name
koliyadhītā, koliyadhītaraṃ, kolīyadhītaraṃ, koliyadhītāya	Daughter of Koliyans, a tribe living near Sākyans
koliyaputto	Son of Koliyans, a tribe living near Sākyans
koñco	heron
kopā, kopaneyye, kuppati	anger, angry, shaken
*kosalaṃ*, kosalo, kosale, kosalassa, kosalesu	Kosala, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
*kosambiṃ*, kosambiyaṃ	Kosambi, capital of Vatsa, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
*kosiya*	Sakka, deva, lord of heaven of Thirty-Three, another name for Inda
koṭṭhāgāraṃ (koṭṭha + āgāraṃ), koṭṭhāgāre	store house (store + house)
koṭṭho	granary
kuhiñci	where, whither
kulaghare (kula + ghare)	in family house (family + in house)
kulaputtā (kula + puttā), kulaputtānaṃ, kulaputtassa	sons of reputable family (reputable family + sons)
kullaṃ, kullañhi	raft
kumārakā, kumārake	young boys, princes
kumārakasuttaṃ (kumāraka + suttaṃ)	young boys sutta (young boys + sutta)
kumbho	pot
kumināmukhe (kuminā + mukhe)	at entrance of trap (fish net + mouth)
kuṇapaṃ, kuṇapena	corpse, loathsome
*kuṇḍadhānavane* (kuṇḍadhāna + vane), kuṇḍiṭṭhānavane	Kuṇḍadhāna Forest
*kuṇḍikāyaṃ*, kuṇḍiyāyaṃ	Kuṇḍikā village
kuñjaraṃ	elephant
*kuraraghare*, kururaghare	at Kuraraghara
kusalo, kusale, kusalesu, kusalānaṃ	wholesome
*kusināraṃ*, kusinārā, kusinārāyaṃ	Kusinārā village, this is where Lord Buddha’s mahāparinibbāna took place, now known as Kushinagar in UP state of India
*kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ* (kūṭāgāra + sālāyaṃ)	Kūṭāgārasālā (pinnacle building + in)
*kuṭikaṇṇaṃ*, kuṭikaṇṇo, kuṭikaṇṇassa	Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa Thera (THAG V365-V369), Golden Millionaire
kuto	where, from what place
kuṭṭhicīvarena (kuṭṭhi + cīvarena)	leper clothes (leper + clothes)
kuṭṭhiṃ, kuṭṭhī, kuṭṭhissa	leper
kvaci	sometime, somewhere, some case, someplace
kvāyaṃ (kva + ayaṃ)	why this (what/where/why + this)
kyāhaṃ (kva + ahaṃ)	what I (what + I)
lābhā, labhate, labhati, labhetha, labheyya, lābhī, lābhino, laddhāna, lacchāma	gain, gained, having gained, gainer
lahu	light
lahuṭṭhānaṃ	bodily vigor
*lakuṇḍakabhaddiyaṃ*, lakuṇḍakabhaddiyo, lakuṇḍakabhaddiyassa, lakuṇḍako	Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Thera (THAG V466-V472), Good Dwarf
lapetave	prattling, talking
latā	creeper
leḍḍūhipi	by earth clod
lekhāsippaṃ (lekhā + sippaṃ)	writing (writing + craft)
lohitako	red
lohitakumbhiyaṃ (lohita + kumbhiyaṃ)	in blood pot (blood + in pot)
lohitaṅgo (lohita + aṅgo), lohitaṅko	ruby (blood + bodied)
lohitapakkhandikā (lohita + pakkhandikā)	bloody diarrhea (bloody + diarrhea)
lokaṃ, loko, loke, lokena, lokasmi, lokamimaṃ (lokaṃ + imaṃ)	world, in world, this world (world + this)
lokānukampāya (loka + anukampāya)	with compassion for the world (world + with compassion)
lokasmimanekarūpā (lokasmiṃ + anekarūpā)	of various forms in the world (in world + of various forms)
lokasuttaṃ (loka + suttaṃ)	world sutta (world + sutta)
lokāyatasippaṃ (lokāyata + sippaṃ)	Debating (debate + craft)
lomahaṃsaṃ (loma + haṃsaṃ), lomahaṃso	hair-raising, terrified (body-hair + standing on end)
loṇaraso (loṇa + raso)	salty (salt + taste)
luḷitaṃ, luḷitā	disturbed, stirred
mā, māssu	don’t, no
ma”nti (= maṃ ti)	me
macchake, macchāva	fishes, like fish
macchavilope (maccha + vilope)	at fish market (fish + plunder)
maccuno	death
maccurājassa (maccu + rājassa)	king of death (death + king)
maddito	trampled
magadhamahāmattā (magadha + mahā + amattā), magadhamahāmatte, magadhamahāmattānaṃ	Magadhan cabinet ministers (Magadhan + great + ministers)
*māgadho*, magadhesu	Magadha, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
maggaṃ, maggo, maggā	path
mahā	great
mahabbalataro (maha + b + balataro)	greatly strong (great + strength + too)
mahābhogataro (mahā + bhogataro)	enjoyer of great pleasures (great + pleasures enjoyer)
mahābhūmicālo (mahā + bhūmi + cālo)	great earthquake (great + earth + movement)
*mahācundo*	Mahācunda Thera (THAG V141-V142), Great Ivory Worker
mahaddhanataro (maha + d + dhanataro)	super wealthy (super + wealthy)
mahājanakāyaṃ (mahā + jana + kāyaṃ), mahājanakāyo	great assembly of people (great + people + assembly)
*mahākaccānaṃ*, mahākaccāno, mahākaccāyano, mahākaccānassa	Mahākaccāyana Thera (THAG V494-V501), Kaccāyana the Great, Golden Man
*mahākappino*	Mahākappina Thera (THAG V547-V556), Kappina the Great
*mahākassapaṃ*, mahākassapo, mahākassapassa, mahākassapasuttaṃ	Mahākassapa Thera (THAG V1054-V1093), Kassapa the Great
mahākosataro (mahā + kosataro)	have great treasury (great + treasury)
*mahākoṭṭhiko*	Mahākoṭṭhika Thera (THAG V2), Great Dweller of Mansion
*mahāmoggallānaṃ, moggallāna,** mahāmoggallāno, mahāmoggalānassa, mahāmoggallānassa, mahāmoggallānasuttaṃ*	Mahāmoggalāna Thera (THAG V1149-V1217), Moggalāna the Great, Second of the two Chief Disciples, Kolita was his first name
mahānadiyo (mahā + nadiyo)	great rivers (great + rivers)
mahānāgānaṃ (mahā + nāgānaṃ)	great elephant (great + snake) [Arahant]
mahānirayaṃ (mahā + nirayaṃ)	great hell (great + hell)
mahānisaṃsatarā (mahā + ānisaṃsatarā)	of great benefit (great + of benefit)
mahantaṃ, mahanta	great [being]
mahānubhāvataro (mahā + anubhāvataro)	greatly powered (greatly + powered)
mahānubhāvo (mahā + anubhāvo), mahānubhāvatā	greatly powered (greatly + powered) [Arahant]
mahapphalatarā (maha + p + phalatarā)	great fruit (great + fruit)
mahārāja (mahā + rāja), mahārājā	great king (great + king)
mahāsaddā (mahā + saddā)	uproar (great + words)
mahāsamuddaṃ (mahā + samuddaṃ), mahāsamuddo, mahāsamudde, mahāsamuddassa, mahāsammuddassa	ocean (great + sea)
mahataṃ, mahatiṃ, mahatā, mahatiyā	greater, greatest
mahāvagga (mahā + vagga), mahāvaggo	great chapter (great + chapter)
mahāvāhanataro (mahā + vāhanataro)	one with great vehicle (great + vehicle owner)
mahāvane (mahā + vane)	in Great Forest (great + in forest)
mahāvijitataro (mahā + vijitataro)	great winner (great + winner)
mahesakkhā, mahesakkhānaṃ	great powered, influential
mahesi (mahā + isi)	great sage (great + sage) [Lord Buddha]
mahiddhikataro	of great supernormal power (great + magical power)
mahiddhiko (mahā + iddhiko), mahiddhikatā	of great supernormal power (great + magical power) [Arahant]
majjhimaṃ, majjhimo, majjhimā, majjhime, majjhe, majjhimānaṃ	middle, in the middle
mākattha (mā + kattha)	don’t do (not + do)
mālāgandhavilepanaṃ (mālā + gandha + vilepanaṃ)	garlands-scents-creams (garlands + smells + creams)
*mallaputto*, mallaputtassa, mallesu, mallānaṃ	Dabba Mallaputta Thera (THAG V5), Wise, Able
*mallikaṃ*, mallikā, mallike, mallikāya	Mallika, queen of Kind Pasenadi of Kosala
maṃ, mama, mamassa	me, my, mine
mānaganthā (mānaṃ + ganthā)	bonded by conceit
mānaṃ	conceit
manāpo, manāpā, manāpike	charming
manasākāsi (manasa + ākāsi)	mentally doing (mentally + doing)
manasikarotā (manasi + karotā)	mentally attending (mentally + attending)
manaso, manasi	mentally
māṇavakā, māṇavake, manujā, manusso, manussā, manusse, manussehi, manussānaṃ	young people, humans, people
māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ (māṇavaka + vaṇṇaṃ)	human form (human + class)
mānavinibaddhā (māna + vinibaddhā), mānavinibandhā	conceit-tied (conceit + tied)
mañcakaṃ	carrier, stretcher, bed
maṇi	gemstone
mānito, mānitā, mānayanti	revered, to be revered [Arahant]
maṅkubhūto	troubled
maññe, maññasi, maññasī, maññati, maññatī, maññathā, maññamānaṃ, maññamāno	believe, think
mano	mind
māno	conceit, pride
mantetī, mantetvā	counselled, advised
manuññaṃ	pleasant
mānupetā (māna + upetā)	possessed by conceit (conceit + possessed by)
manussadaliddo (manussa + daliddo)	poor man (man + poor)
manussakapaṇo (manussa + kapaṇo)	miserable man (man + miserable)
manussavarāko (manussa + varāko)	wretched man (man + wretched)
māpenti, māpentī, māpetīti, māpetuṃ	planning, measuring
mārabandhanā (māra + bandhanā)	Māra-tie (Māra + tie)
*māraṃ,* māro, mārassa, mārena	Lord of Death, deva, also known as pāpima, antakā, etc.; lord of Vasavattino or Vasavattipura or Paranimmitavasavatti heaven
maraṇa, maraṇā, maraṇampi, maraṇante, maraṇamattampi (maraṇaṃ + attaṃ + pi)	death, dying, I die too (die + I + too)
māraṇantikā (māraṇa + antikā), māraṇantikaṃ	ending in death (death + ending)
mārasenaṃ (māra + senaṃ)	Māra army (Māra + army)
māsānaṃ	month
masāragallaṃ	cat’s eye jewel
masi, masī, masīti	ash, soot
mātā, mātara	mother
mataṃ, matena	dead
mattaññutā	moderation in eating
mātucchāputto (mātucchā + putto)	mother’s sister’s son (mother’s sister’s + son)
māyā	deceit
mayaṃ, mayampi, mayā, mayāpi, mayi	we, us, I
mayhaṃ, mayhampi	my, me, mine
me	I, mine, my
medhāvino	intelligent [Arahant]
*meghiyaṃ*, meghiyo, meghiya, meghiyassa, meghiyasuttaṃ	Meghiya Thera (THAG V66), Rain
meghiyavaggo, meghiyavaggavaro	Meghiya section (Meghiya + section)
metaṃ (m + etaṃ) (m belongs to previous word)	this
metī (=eti, m belongs to previous word)	undergo
mettā	loving-friendliness
micchādiṭṭhigatena (micchā + diṭṭhi + gatena)	gone to wrong view (wrong + view + gone)
micchādiṭṭhihatena (micchā + diṭṭhi + hatena)	gone to wrong view (wrong + view + gone)
micchāpaṇihitaṃ (micchā + paṇihitaṃ)	wrong resolution (wrong + resolution)
migabhūtena (miga + bhūtena)	free mind (wild deer + becoming) [Arahant]
*migāramātā*, migāramātaraṃ, migāramātuyā	Migāra’s Mother, a name given to Chief Female Lay Disciple Visākhā
*migāramātupāsāde* (migāra + mātu + pāsāde)	Migāra’s Mother’s Mansion (Migāra + Mother + Mansion)
misso	mixed
mithubhedato (mithu + bhedato)	schisms (couple + breakup)
moghamañña (moghaṃ + aññaṃ)	everything else is foolish (foolish + others + are)
moghapuriso (mogha + puriso)	foolish man (foolish + man)
mohajehipi, mohajehipīti	by delusion
mohakkhayā (moha + k + khayā), mohakkhayaṃ	ending of delusion (delusion + ending) [Arahant]
mohasambandhano (moha + sambandhano)	fully tied by delusion (delusion + fully tied)
monapathesu (mona + pathesu)	by path of silent sagehood (silent sage + path) can also be translated “by path of silence”
monena	by silence
mucalindasuttaṃ (mucalinda + suttaṃ)	Mucalinda sutta (Mucalinda tree + sutta)
mucalindavaggo (mucalinda + vaggo)	section on Mucalinda (Mucalinda + section)
*mucalindo*, mucalindamūle (mucalinda + mūle)	Mucalinda, at the root of Mucalinda (Mucalinda + at the root)
mucchitā, mucchite	comatose
muddāsippaṃ (muddā + sippaṃ)	stamping (seal + craft)
muducittaṃ (mudu + cittaṃ)	soft hearted (soft + mind)
mukharā, mukhare	talkative
mukhasattīhi (mukha + sattīhi)	verbal knives (face + knives)
mukhato, mukhāyāmaṃ	of mouth, from mouth
mūlaṃ, mūlato	root
mūḷhagabbhā (mūḷha + gabbhā)	obstructed labor (erring + embryo)
mūḷhassa	deluded
muñcāmahaṃ	let go of me literally free
muṇḍakā	shaven-head
muniṃ, muni, munino	silent sage (silent + sage) [Arahant]
musalo	pestle
musāvādino (musā + vādino)	liar (lies + talker)
mutamattaṃ (muta + mattaṃ)	only sensed (sensed + only)
mute	in the sensed
muttaṃ, mutto, muttā	free, freed
muṭṭhassatino (muṭṭha + s + satino)	with muddled mindfulness (bad + memory)
muṭṭhīhi	fists
na	no, not
na”nti (= naṃ ti)	him, her
nābbhaññaṃsu (na + b + bhaññaṃsu)	one who is unpreached (not + preached)
nābhinandati (na + abhi + nandati)	not pleased (not + well + pleased)
nacirasseva (na + cirassa + eva)	in no long time (no + long time + like)
nadiṃ, nadī, nadiyā, nadikaṃ	river
nāgaṃ, nāgā, nāgassa, nāgena, nāgarājā	elephant, snake, king of snakes [Arahant]
nagaraṃ, nagara, nagare, nagaramhā	city
*nāgasamālaṃ*, nāgasamāla, nāgasamālo, nāgasamālassa, nāgasamālena	Nāgasamāla Thera (THAG V267-V270), Tender
nāgasuttaṃ (nāga + suttaṃ)	nāga sutta
nāgghanti (na + agghanti)	not worth (not + worth)
nāhaṃ (na + ahaṃ)	I don’t (not + I)
nahāyatī, nhāyatī, nhatvā	bathe, having bathed, purified literally one who has taken a bath [Arahant]
nāhesuṃ (na + ahesuṃ), nāhu (na + ahu)	is not (not + is), wasn’t, hadn’t (not + had)
najjā	river
naṃ	that, him
nāmagottāni (nāma + gottāni)	names and clans (names + clans), names and designations
nāmaṃ, nāma, nāmāyaṃ, nāmettha	name, even if, indeed
nāmaññiṃsu (nā + maññiṃsu)	not conceive (not + believe)
nāmarūpaṃ (nāma + rūpaṃ)	name-and-form (name + form)
nāmarūpanirodho (nāma + rūpa + nirodho), nāmarūpanirodhā	cessation of name-and-form (name + form + cessation)
nāmarūpapaccayā (nāma + rūpa + paccayā)	because of name-and-form (name + form + because of)
namo, namanti, namassamāno	veneration, venerating, bending
nānādiṭṭhikā (nānā + diṭṭhikā)	with/of various views (various + views)
nānādiṭṭhinissayanissitā (nānā + diṭṭhi + nissaya + nissitā)	adherents of various views (various + views + dependence + dependent)
nānākhantikā (nānā + khantikā)	of various belief (various + of belief)
ñāṇaṃ	understanding
nānārucikā (nānā + rucikā)	of various preferences (various + of choices)
nānātitthiyasamaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā (nānā + titthiya + samaṇa + brāhmaṇa + paribbājakā)	many sectarians-renunciates-brāhmaṇa-wanderers (various sectarians + renunciates + brāhmaṇa + wanderers)
*nandaṃ*, nando, nanda, nandassa	Nanda Thera (THAG V157-V158), Rejoicer
nandasuttaṃ (nanda + suttaṃ)	Nanda sutta (Nanda + sutta)
nandavaggo (nanda + vaggo), nandakavaggavaro	section on Nanda (Nanda + section)
nandimukhī (nandi + mukhī), nandimukhiyā	dawn (bull + face) OR (pleasing + faced)
naṅgalīsā	plough
naṅguṭṭhaṃ	tail
nāññaṃ (na + aññaṃ), nāññassa	no one else (not + anyone)
nānubhavanti (na + anubhavanti)	not get to (not + experience)
nānupakampati (na + anu + pakampati)	not wavering (not + fully + wavering)
nāparaṃ (nā + paraṃ)	not after (not + after)
nāpi (na + api/pi)	is not (not + is)
nappakāsati (na + p + pakāsati)	doesn’t shine (not + shine)
nappaṭibhāseyya (na + p + paṭibhāseyya)	not spoken (not + spoken)
nappaṭibheyya (na + p + paṭibheyya)	not fearful (not + fearful)
nāsakkhi (nā + sakkhi), nāsakkhiṃ	unable (not + able)
nāsassataṃ (na + sassataṃ), nāsassato	not eternal (not + eternal)
nati, natiyā	inclination
nātikkamanti (na + atikkamanti)	not transgress (not + transcend)
ñātīnaṃ, nattāro, nattārehi	relatives
nātivassati (na + ati + vassati), nātivassatī	not rain too much (not + too much + rain)
nātivattati (na + ativattati), nātivattatī	not transgress (not + going beyond)
nattā	grandson
naṭṭhaṃ	destroyed
natthañño (na + atthi + añño)	there isn’t anyone (no + is + other)
natthi (na + atthi)	no, isn’t (not + is)
ñatvā, ñatvāna	knowing, having known
nava, navamo, navamaṃ, navañca, navapi, navena	nine, ninth
nāvajānāti (nā + va + jānāti) OR (na + avajānāti)	not know (not + like + know) OR not despise (not + despise)
navaṃ	new
nāvaṃ	boat
navoropitehi (nava + oropitehi)	newly shaven (newly + removed)
navuti	ninety
nāyaṃ (na + ayaṃ), nayidaṃ (na + y + idaṃ)	not this (not + this)
ñāyate	known
nayidha (nay + idha)	not here (not + here)
nayimehi (na + y + imehi)	not these (not + these)
nediso (na + ediso)	not such (not + such)
nekkhamme	went forth, going forth
nelaṅgo	blameless, innocent [Arahant]
*nerañjarāya*	Nerañjarā river, near Bodhgaya, Bihar, India
nesaṃ, neso	their
netticchinnassa (netti + chinnassa)	by cutting-off lead (lead + cutting-off)
neva (na + eva)	not [so, even, just, like] (not + so, even, just, like)
nevajjhagā (na + eva + ajjhagā)	does not find (not + like + attain)
nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ (na + eva + saññāṃ + āsañña + āyatanaṃ)	realm of neither perception nor non-perception (not + like + perception + non-perception realm)
nevāsikehi	dwelling, dwelling place
nevattato (na + eva + attato)	not mine (not + like + self/mine)
nevidha (na + eva + idha)	not here (not + like + here)
nibbānadhātuyā (nibbāna + dhātuyā)	by Nibbāna element (Nibbāna + by element) [Nibbāna]
nibbānaṃ, nibbāna, nibbānā, nibbānāya	Untranslated - nibbānaṃ translated as extinguishing in THIG V116
nibbānamattano (nibbānaṃ + attano)	Nibbāna of self (Nibbāna + of self)
nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttāya	connected to Nibbāna (Nibbāna + connected)
nibbedhikāya	for penetration
nibbutassa	liberated
nīcaṃ, nīcā, nīcānaṃ	low, humble
nigacchati, nigacchanti	undergoes
*nigaṇṭhā*, nigaṇṭhe, nigaṇṭhesu	Jains
niggahetvā	having restrained, having rebuked
nigrodho	banyan Tree
nihantvā	having put down, having destroyed
nīharituṃ, nīharitvā	removed, having removed, having driven out
nihīnakammā (nihīna + kammā)	lowly kammā (lowly + kammā)
nihuhuṅko (ni + huhuṅko), nihuṃhuṅko	non-conceited (not + noisy)
nikāmalābhī (nikāma + lābhī)	easily gainer (willing + gainer)
nikhaṇāhi, nikhanitvā, nikhaṇitvā	dig, bury, having dug
nikkasāvo	without depravity
nikkhante, nikkhamissati, nikkhamantaṃ, nikkhamantassa, nikkhāmetvā, nikkhamitvā, nikkhami, nikkhāmito, nikkhanto	leave, having left, going forth, went, expelled
nikkhipitvā	placing, putting down
nikkujjitaṃ	upside-down, overturned
nimantito, nimanteti	invited
nimitte	sign, reason
nimujjantepi, nimujjantipi	plunging, taking a dip
ninditumarahati (nindituṃ + arahati)	criticize
ninnaga	river, low
nipajjaṃ, nipajjissāmī, nipajji	lying down
nipatitvā	having fallen down
nirāsaṃ (nir + āsaṃ), nirāso	unelated (without + hope) [Arahant]
nirayaṃ, niraye	hell, in hell
nirodhaṃ, nirodho, nirodhā, nirodhāya, nirodhi, nirodhadhamma	cessation [Nibbāna]
nirujjhati, nirujjhanti	ceasing
nirūpadhiṃ (ni + upadhiṃ)	possession-less (without + possession) [Arahant]
nisajja, nisajjāya	sitting
nisīdanaṃ, nisīdi, nisīdī, nisīdimhā, nisīdissāmī, nisīdiṃsu, nisīditvā, nisinno, nisinnā, nisinne, nisinnaṃ	sat, seated, sitting down, sit down, sat down, seat
nissaṃsayaṃ (nir + s + saṃsayaṃ)	doubtless (without + doubt)
nissaraṇaṃ, nissaraṇamāhaṃsu (nissaraṇaṃ + āhaṃsu)	escape, escape said (escape + said) [Nibbāna]
nissāya, nissitassa	dependence, dependent
nītā	led by
nittaṇhaṃ (ni + t + taṇhaṃ)	craving-less (no + craving) [Arahant]
niṭṭhitaṃ, niṭṭhito, niṭṭhitā	finished
niṭṭhubhitvā	having spit
nittiṇṇo, nitiṇṇā	crossed-over
nivāsetvā	having dressed
nivesanaṃ, nivesane, nivesanāni	residence
niviṭṭhā	settled
niyato	assured, certain [Arahant]
niyyanto	being taken to, conducted to
no	not
nopeti (na + upeti) (see “saṅkhyaṃ nopeti vedagū”)	cannot be reckoned, are immeasurable
nu	whether, is, was
nuppajjanti (na + uppajjanti)	not arise (not + arise)
nuttha	what
obhaggobhaggañca (obhaggo + bhaggaṃ + ca), obhaggobhaggañcassa	dragged-down and broken (dragged-down + broken too)
obhāsajātā (obhāsa + jātā)	lustrous (luster + birthing)
obhāsayamantalikkha (obhāsayaṃ + antalikkha)	making space lustrous (lustrous + space)
obhāse, obhāsati, obhāsetvā, obhāsitameva	lustrous, lighting-up
ocarakā, ocaritvā	informants, having informed
ociṇṇaṃ	debriefed, interrogated
odanaṃ	rice
odātavatthavasanā (odāta + vattha + vasanā)	wearing clean clothes (clean + clothes + wearing)
ogāhā, ogāhi	plunged
oghaṃ	flood
ohāretvā	having removed
ohitasotā (ohita + sotā)	lending an ear (depositing + hearing)
okāraṃ	folly, lowliness
okkamma	getting off
okoṭimakaṃ	deformed, dwarfed
oḷārike	in gross
olīyanti	undershoots
olokesi, olokentaṃ, oloketabbā	checks, checked, seen, should see, looked
onītapattapāṇiṃ (onīta + patta + pāṇiṃ)	having removed hand from bowl (removed + bowl + hand from)
orasaṃ	true [legitimate, own]
orimatīrā (orima + tīrā), orimatīre	near-shore (near + bank)
orohitvā	having descended
osādeyya	sunk, fell
osāpayissāmi	finish, complete
osārissāmi	let them go
osiñcantepi, osiñcantipi	sprinkle
ossajji, ossaṭṭhe	relinquished
otarissāmi	went down
ovādena, ovaditvā	exhorted, having exhorted
ovamitvā	having vomited
oyāyissāmi	??
pabāḷhaṃ (pa + bāḷhaṃ), pabāḷhā	very strong (strong + very)
pabandhati (pa + bandhati)	strongly tied
pabbajito, pabbajitā, pabbajanti, pabbājesi, pabbājetu, pabbajeyya, pabbajitānaṃ, pabbajitvā	to ordain, ordained, ordination, having ordained
pabbajjābhisaṅkhāro (pabbajja + abhisaṅkhāro)	determination to ordain (ordination + full formation)
pabbatakūṭaṃ (pabbata + kūṭaṃ)	mountain top (mountain + top)
pabbato, pabbate, pabbatova	mountain
pabhaṅkaro (pabhaṃ + karo)	radiance-maker (radiance + maker) [Lord Buddha]
paccājātāni (paccā + jātāni)	previous lives (previous + lives)
paccakkhāya	repudiating
paccanubhontena	experience, enjoy
paccapādi	entered
paccassosi (pacca + assosi), paccassosuṃ	having heard (after + hearing)
paccavekkhamāno, paccavekkhamānaṃ	contemplation
paccavekkhaṇasuttaṃ (paccavekkhaṇa + suttaṃ)	contemplation sutta (contemplation + sutta)
paccayānaṃ (from paccayatā)	causation
paccāyāsi (pacca + āyāsi)	returned back (back + returned)
paccayo	support
paccekabuddhaṃ (pacceka + buddhaṃ)	private Buddha (private + Buddha)
pacchā, pacchāhaṃ	after, later
pacchābhattaṃ (pacchā + bhattaṃ)	after eating (after + food)
pacchāsamaṇena (pacchā + samaṇena)	attendant (after + renunciate)
pacchimābhimukhā (pacchima + abhimukhā)	facing the west (west + facing)
pacchimaṃ, pacchimo, pacchime	west, last, later
paccittha	cooked
paccugantvā	having gone to meet
paccūsasamayaṃ (pacca + ūsa + samayaṃ), paccūsasamaye	at the dawn time (at + dawn + time)
paccuttaritvā (pacca + uttaritvā)	replying (after + answering)
paccuṭṭhāsi (pacca + uṭṭhāsi), paccuṭṭhāya	after getting-up (after + getting-up)
padakkhiṇaṃ	seeing, circumambulating
padāleyya	shattered
padaṃ	station
pādaṃ, pādo, pāde, pādehi	feet
padesaṃ, padese	area, province
padhānāya, padhānāyā, padhānanti, padhānatthikassa (padhāna + atthikassa)	striving, one wanting to strive
pahāraṃ, pahāro, pahārena	hitting, beating, to hit
pahāya, pahānāya, pahīne, pahīyati	abandoned
pahiṇeyyāsi	dispatch
pahitatto, pahitattā	resolute [Arahant]
pahūtaṃ, pahūtañca	much
pajā, pajāya	generation, off-spring
pajahāti, pajahanti, pajahāsi	abandon, having abandoned
pajānāti	knowing
pajāpati	wife, overlord
pajjotamivādhipātakā (pajjotam + iva + adhipātakā)	like moth in lamp (lamp + like + moth)
pakāsito, pakāsesi	explained, illustrated, displaying, showing
pākatindriyā (pākata + indriyā), pākatindriye	unsubjugated faculties (unsubjugated + faculties)
pakkami, pakkāmi, pakkamiṃsu, pakkamantiṃ (feminine)	leave, left, went
pakkhāletvā	having washed
pakkulañcātivattatī (pakkulaṃ + ca + ativattatī)	overcomes bewilderment too (bewilderment + and + goes beyond)
pakkulo	bewildered
palāyata	escaping
palighañca	hindered, obstructed
*pālileyyake*, pālileyyakaṃ	Pālileyyaka forest, Pārileyyaka forest
pallalāni	ponds
pallaṅkaṃ, pallaṅkena	legs crossed
paluṭṭhamakkaṭī (paluṭṭha + makkaṭī)	singed female monkey (burnt + female monkey)
pamādādhikaraṇaṃ (pamāda + adhikaraṇaṃ)	because of heedlessness (heedlessness + because of)
pamattabandhunā (pamatta + bandhunā)	kinsman of heedless (heedless + kinsman) a title of Māra
pamattamativattatī (pamattaṃ + ativattatī)	overcome the heedless one (heedless + overcome)
paṃsukūliko, paṃsukūlikaṃ	wearing cast-off cloth [Arahant] First of the thirteen Austerities
paṃsupisācakampi (paṃsu + pisācakaṃ + pi)	garbage-heap demon (garbage-heap + demon)
pamuccare, pamuccatī	freed, completely freed
pamuditaṃ, pamudito, pamuditā	altruistic joy [rooting for others]
pamukhe	in front of
pamutyatthi (pamutti + atthi)	there is freedom (freedom + there is)
pana, panāhaṃ (pana + ahaṃ)	but, so, but I (but + I)
pāṇabhūtesu	living beings (
paṇāmemi, paṇāmitā	I dismiss, dismissed
paṇāmetvā	bowing, having bowed
panānanda (pana + ānanda)	but Ānanda (but + Ānanda)
panaññaṃ (pana + aññaṃ)	but other (but + other)
panāyasmā (pana + āyasmā)	but venerable (but + venerable) literally old, aged
pañca, pañcapi, pañcahi, pañcamo, pañcamaṃ, pañcamattāni, pañcasu, pañcime (pañca + ime), pañcannaṃ	five, fifth, these five (five + these)
pañcamavaggavarantidha (pañcama + vaggavaraṃ + ti + idha)	here the fifth section (fifth + highest section + is + here)
pañcayojanasatikāpi (pañca + yojana + satika + api)	five hundred yojanā too (five + yojana + hundred + too)
pañcindriyāni (pañca + indriyāni)	five faculties (five + faculties)
paṇḍitābhāsā (paṇḍitā + bhāsā)	speaking wisely (wise + language)
paṇḍitajātiyo (paṇḍita + jātiyo)	wise born (wise + born)
paṇḍito	wise
paneke (pana + eke)	but someone (but + someone)
panesā (pana + esā)	but this (but + this)
panetaṃ, panete (pana + ete)	but these (but + these) (translated as those)
panetarahi (pana + etarahi)	but presently (but + presently)
panidaṃ (pana + idaṃ)	but here (but + here)
paṇidhāya	decided
pāṇīhipi	hands
panimehi (pana + imehi)	but by these (but + by these)
paṇītaṃ, paṇītena	excellent
pānīyaṃ, pānīya, pānīyāni, pānīyañca	water
pañjaliko	with folded hands (doing + respect)
paṅko	mud
paṇṇā	leaves
paññākathā (paññā + kathā)	talk on wisdom (wisdom + talk)
paṇṇakuṭiyo (paṇṇa + kuṭiyo)	leaf huts (leaves + huts)
pannalomo (panna + lomo)	pacified (not standing + body-hair), subdued [Arahant]
paññaṃ, paññā, paññavā, paññāya	wisdom
paññāpanāyā	declared, discerned
paññāpayamānā	prepared
paññāpehi, paññāpehī, paññāpesi, paññapenti, paññapessanti, paññāpetuṃ, paññāpetvā (see brūmi, brūmī)	designate
paññāsaṃ	fifties
paññattaṃ, paññattāni, paññatte	made known
paññavatā	wise [Arahant]
paññāvimuttiṃ (paññā + vi + muttiṃ)	fully-freed by wisdom (wisdom + fully + freed) [Arahant]
paññāyati, paññāyatī, paññāyetha, paññāyittha	discern, look, appear
pantañca	solitary dweller [Arahant]
pantho, panthena, panthakena (pantha + kena)	way, by which way (way + by which)
panuṇṇakodho (panuṇṇa + kodho), paṇunnakodho	angerless (removed/dispelled + anger) [Arahant]
pāṇupetaṃ (pāṇa + upetaṃ)	breathing, living (life + arrived)
pāpadhammaṃ (pāpa + dhammaṃ), pāpadhammo, pāpadhammā	evil-doer (evil + dhamma)
pāpaṃ, pāpāni, pāpakaṃ, pāpiyo, pāpako, pāpakā, pāpake, pāpakehi	evil [kamma], evil-doer
pāpamariyehi (pāpaṃ + ariyehi)	evil by nobles (evil + by nobles)
papañcā	proliferation
papañcakhayasuttaṃ (papañca + khaya + suttaṃ)	ending of proliferation sutta (proliferation + ending + sutta)
papañcakhayo (papañca + khayo)	ending of proliferation (proliferation + ending)
papañcasaññāsaṅkhāpahānaṃ (papañca + saññā + saṅkhā + pahānaṃ)	abandoning the sign of proliferation and reckoning (proliferation + sign + reckoning + abandoning) [Arahant]
papāto, papatanti	precipice, falling down
pāpe, pāpena	evil
*pāpima,* pāpimā, pāpimantaṃ	Evil One, a title of Māra
pāpuṇāti	reached
paradattavutto (para + datta + vutto)	living on what others give (others + give + inclined) [Arahant]
paradavutto (parada + vutto)	pleasure inclined (pleasure + inclined)
parakkame	exerting
paraloko (para + loko)	other world (other + world)
pāraṃ, pāragū	far-shore, gone to the far-shore [Arahant]
paraṃ, parama	higher than, highest, after, hereafter, other, great, excellent
paramadānaṃ (parama + dānaṃ)	highest giving (highest + giving)
paramaṃ	highest
paramattakāmo (param + attakāmo)	loving oneself highest (highest + loving oneself)
paraṃkārūpasaṃhitā (paraṃ + kāra + ūpasaṃhitā)	accompanied by other-making (other + making + accompanied)
paraṃkataṃ (paraṃ + kataṃ), paraṃkatañca, paraṃkato	made by other (other + done)
parappavādaṃ (para + p + pavādaṃ)	disputations, debates
parato	as other than mine
paratthā (para + atthā)	hereafter (other + goal)
paravasaṃ (para + vasaṃ)	controlled by others (other + controlled)
paravediyā (para + vediyā)	felt by others (others + felt)
paresaṃ	beyond, others
paretā	afflicted
paribbājakaṃ, paribbājikaṃ, paribbājako, paribbājakā, paribbājiko, paribbājikā, paribbājake, paribbājakānaṃ, paribbājakassa, paribbājakesu	goes forth, in wandering, lives gone forth life, wanderers
paribhāsanti (pari + bhāsanti)	abusive language (abusive + language)
paribhojanīyaṃ (pari + bhojanīyaṃ)	after food (after + food)
paribhūtarūpaṃ, paribhūtarūpa	held in contempt
paribhuttaṃ (pari + bhuttaṃ), paribhuñjitvā	having eaten/enjoyed (after + eating/enjoying)
paricāressantī	attended to, served
paricca	completely understood
pariccattaṃ	sacrifice, surrender
paricitā	attended, practiced
pariḍayhamāne (pari + ḍayhamāne)	scorching (completely + burning)
paridevitā	lamented
pariggaṇhanti, pariggaṇhantiyo	acquisition
parijunnā (pari + junnā)	decayed (completely + worn out)
parikhākūpā (parikhā + kūpā), parikhākūpe	trench-pit (trench + pit)
parikkhayā (pari + k + khayā)	complete ending (complete + ending)
parikkhipitvā	having encircled or surrounded
pariḷāhehi	burning
pārimatīre (pārima + tīre)	far-shore (far + shore)
parimukhaṃ (pari + mukhaṃ)	giving primacy, in forefront (around + mouth)
parimuṭṭhā (pari + muṭṭhā)	fully deluded (fully + bewildered)
pariṇāmaṃ	digest, result
parinibbānakālo (pari + nibbāna + kālo)	time for final Nibbāna (complete + liberation + time)
parinibbānaṃ (pari + nibbānaṃ), parinibbuto, parinibbutoti, parinibbāyi, parinibbutassa, parinibbāyati, parinibbāyanti, parinibbāyissāmi, parinibbāyissatī, parinibbātu	complete liberation (complete + liberation), one completely liberated [Arahant]
paripākāya (pari + pākāya)	complete maturity (complete + maturity)
paripūrakārī (pari + pūrakārī)	completely fulfills (completely + fulfill)
parisaṃ, parisā, parisāyaṃ, parisāya, parisati	assembly, surrounded by assembly
parisuddhā (pari + suddhā)	completely clean (completely + clean)
parittaṃ, parittā	little
parivajjaye (pari + vajjaye)	completely forsake (completely + forsake)
parivārito	attended, with retinue
parivaṭṭati, parivaṭṭamānaṃ	whirling around, turning around
parivisa, parivisā, parivisi	serve, offer
parivitakko (pari + vitakko)	thought (complete + thought)
parivutaṃ, parivuto	accompanied by
pariyāpuṇitvā	having mastered, having learned by heart
pariyāyamakāsi (pariyāyaṃ + akāsi)	did like this (sequential + did)
pariyesante, pariyesanaṃ pariyesanti	seeking, searching
pariyogāḷhadhammo (pariyogāḷha + dhammo)	dive into Dhamma (dive into + Dhamma) [Arahant]
pariyuṭṭhitacitto (pari + yuṭṭhita + citto)	completely controlled mind (completely + yoked + mind)
paro	another
parūḷhakacchanakhalomā (parūḷha + kaccha + nakha + lomā), parūḷhakacchanakhalome	overgrown hair, long nails, and hairy armpits (long + hair + nails + body hairs)
pāsādā	mansion
pasādanīyaṃ	confidence, glad, happiness, trust
pāsādikaṃ, pāsādikatarā, pāsādikatarāni	gracious, more than gracious, gladdening
pasaṃsito, pasaṃsanti	praise, praising
pasannacittaṃ (pasanna + cittaṃ)	glad, glad mind (glad + mind)
pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ	stretch
*pasenadiṃ*, pasenadi, pasenadimhi, pasenadissa, pasenadikosalaṃ	King Pasenadi Kosala
passa, passato, passāmi, passāmā, passasi, passatha, passatī, passathāyyā, passissati, passitabbaṃ, passituṃ	see, seeing, having seen
passaddhi, passaddhiyā	tranquil
passena	side, flank
*pāṭaligāmaṃ*, pāṭaligāmo, pāṭaligāme, pāṭaligāmikā, pāṭaligāmiyā, pāṭaligāmiyāpi, pāṭaligāmiye, pāṭaligāmiyesu	Pāṭali village, precursor of Pāṭaliputta city the second capital of Magadha
pāṭaligāmavaggo (pāṭali + gāma + vaggo), pāṭaligāmiyavaggo, pāṭaligāmavaraṭṭhamavaggo, pāṭaligāmiyamaṭṭhamavaggo, pāṭaligāmiyavaraṭṭhamavaggo	Pāṭali village section (Pāṭali + village + section)
pāṭaligāmiyasuttaṃ (pāṭaligāmiya + suttaṃ)	people of Pāṭali village sutta (people of Pāṭali village + sutta)
*pāṭaliputtaṃ*, pāṭaliputtassa, pāṭaliyaṃ	Pāṭaliputta City, the second capital of Magadha, literally son of Pāṭali tree
patanti	fall, fell, fallen
paṭhamābhisambuddho (paṭhama + abhi + sambuddho)	newly self-enlightened (first + fully + self-enlightened) [Lord Buddha]
paṭhamabodhisuttaṃ (paṭhama + bodhi + suttaṃ)	first enlightenment sutta (first + Bodhi tree + sutta)
paṭhamadabbasuttaṃ (paṭhama + dabba + suttaṃ)	first Dabba sutta (first + Dabba + sutta)
paṭhamalakuṇḍakabhaddiyasuttaṃ (paṭhama + lakuṇḍaka + bhaddiya + suttaṃ)	first Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya sutta (first + Lakuṇḍaka + Bhaddiya + sutta)
paṭhamaṃ, paṭhamo, paṭhame	first
paṭhamanānātitthiyasuttaṃ (paṭhama + nānā + titthiya + suttaṃ)	first various sectarians sutta (first + various + sectarians + sutta)
paṭhamanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ (paṭhama + nibbāna + paṭisaṃyutta + suttaṃ)	first connected to Nibbāna sutta (first + Nibbāna + connected to + sutta)
paṭhamasattasuttaṃ (paṭhama + satta + suttaṃ)	first clinging sutta (first + clinging + sutta)
pāṭhantaraṃ	reading
pathavī, pathaviyaṃ, paṭhaviyaṃ	earth
pathāyamānarūpā	??
paṭibaddhacitto (paṭibaddha + citto), paṭibaddhacittā, paṭibandhacitto, paṭibandharupo, paṭibandharūpo	enthralled mind, obstructed mind (bound + mind), obstructed
paṭibaddho, paṭibandho	obstructed
paṭibāhāya, paṭibāhāyā	to repel
paṭibhāti, paṭibhātu	occurs, manifest, evident
pāṭibhogo	guarantor
paticayo	increase
paṭicca	dependent, causative
paṭiccappabhavanti (paṭicca + p + pabhavanti)	happens dependently (dependently + happens)
paṭiccasamuppādaṃ (paṭicca + samuppādaṃ)	dependent arising (dependent + full arising)
paṭicchannakammantaṃ (paṭicchanna + kammantaṃ), paṭicchannakammanto	covering [bad] deeds (covering + bad deeds)
paṭicchannaṃ	covered
paṭicodenti, paṭicodetha	reprove
paṭigacca, paṭikacca	foresee, beforehand, cautious
paṭiggahitaṃ, paṭiggaṇheyya	received
paṭijānissanti	acknowledge
pāṭikaṅkhaṃ	to be desired, to be expected
paṭikkhipitvā	having left
paṭilābhāya	gained
paṭilomaṃ (paṭi + lomaṃ)	backward, against the flow (against + direction of body-hair)
pātimokkhaṃ, pātimokkha, pātimokkhe	Collection of Vinaya precepts. There are 2 of them: one for Bhikkhus and one for Bhikkhunī.
pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto (pātimokkha + saṃvara + saṃvuto)	restrained by restraint of precepts (pātimokkha + restraint + restrained) [Arahant]
paṭinivattitvā	returned
paṭipadā, paṭipanno	practice
paṭipassambhi	subsided
patirūpaṃ	suitable
paṭisallānā, paṭisallāṇā, paṭisallīnassa	solitude
paṭisāmayamānā	putting away, storing up
paṭisaṃharitvā	having changed
paṭisammodatu, paṭisammodamānā	greeting
paṭisaṃvedī	fully experiences
paṭissavā	promise
paṭissutvā (paṭi + s + sutvā)	having heard
patiṭṭhitaṃ, patiṭṭhāpito, patiṭṭhāya, patiṭṭhāpitaṃ, patiṭṭhāpetvā	establish, one who is established, having established, help, support
paṭivasati, paṭivasanti	dwell, live
paṭividdhā, paṭivijjhituṃ	comprehend
paṭivinodetabbo	to banish
paṭiyattaṃ, paṭiyādāpetvā	prepared, having prepared
pattā, pattabbaṃ, pattānaṃ, patvā	reach, reached, to reach
pattacīvaraṃ (patta + cīvaraṃ), pattacīvara, pattacīvarāni	bowl and robes (bowl + robes)
pattacīvaramādāya (patta + cīvaraṃ + ādāya)	taking bowl and robes (bowl + robes + taking)
pattadhammo (patta + dhammo)	reached Dhamma (reached + Dhamma) [Arahant]
pattaṃ, pattañca, pattena	bowl
pattayogakhemā (patta + yoga + khemā)	reached refuge from bonds (reached + bonds + refuge) [Arahant]
paṭṭhapenti, paṭṭhapessanti	establish
patthara, patthari	overspread, pervade
patthayāno	aspiring
pātubhavanti	appear
pātuṃ	drink
pāturahesuṃ, pāturahosi	reappeared, manifested, produced
*pāvā,* pāvaṃ, pāvāyaṃ, pāvāya	Pāvā city, Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta AKA Mahāvīra died here
pavaḍḍhati	increasing very much
pavāhetvā	having washed away
pavāḷaṃ, pāvālaṃ	coral
pavattā	expounder
*pavatte*	Pavatta mountain
pavisantaṃ, pāvisiṃ, pāvisi, pāvisiṃsu, paviseyya, pavesetvā, pavisetvā, pavisitu, pavisitvā	enter, having entered
pavivekakathā (paviveka + kathā)	talk on detachment (detachment + talk)
pavivekaṃ, pavivittaṃ, pavivitto	detached, detachment [Arahant]
pe	as above, as before (used to elide text)
pecca	afterwards
pesakāravaṇṇaṃ (pesakāra + vaṇṇaṃ)	weaver form (weaver + class)
pesakāravisikhā (pesakāra + visikhā)	street of weavers (weavers + street)
phaliṃsu	fruit
phaṇaṃ	wriggling
pharusaṃ, pharusāhi	harsh
phassanirodho (phassa + nirodho), phassanirodhā	cessation of contact (contact + cessation)
phassapaccayā (phassa + paccayā)	because of contact (contact + because of)
phassapareto (phassa + pareto)	afflicted by contacts (contacts + afflicted)
phassāyatanesu (phassa + āyatanesu)	contact sense-bases (contact + sense-bases)
phasso, phassā, phoṭṭhabbe	touchables, tangibles, contact
phāsu	comfortable, rafters of the hut
phāsukā	rib-rafters
phāsuvihāraṃ, phāsuvihārañca	dwelling comfortably (pleasant + dwelling)
phītañca	prosperity
phusanti, phusāyati, phuseyyu, phusituṃ, phuṭṭhaṃ, phuṭṭho, phuṭṭhā	contacted, touched, having touched
pihayanti	envy
*pilindavacchaṃ*, pilindavaccha, pilindavaccho, pilindavacchassa, pilindi, pilindo, pilindivaccho, pilindavacchasuttaṃ	Pilindavaccha Thera (THAG V9), Pilinda of Vaccha Clan
piṇḍapātaṃ (piṇḍa + pātaṃ), piṇḍapāto, piṇḍapātā, piṇḍapātehi, piṇḍapātikasuttaṃ	alms-round too (lump + bowl + too), for alms, alms-round farer literally dropping a lump in the bowl
piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto (piṇḍapāta + paṭikkanto), piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā, piṇḍapātapaṭikkantānaṃ	returned from alms-round (alms-round + departed)
piṇḍapātapaṭilābhāya (piṇḍapāta + paṭilābhāya)	alms giving (alms giving + gain)
piṇḍapātikaṃ, piṇḍapātiko, piṇḍapātikā, piṇḍapātikassa	alms-seeker, walking for alms [Arahant] Second of the thirteen Austerities
piṇḍo, piṇḍakena, piṇḍāya, piṇḍāyā	morsel, lump, alms-food literally lumps of food, for alms-round
*piṇḍolabhāradvājaṃ*, piṇḍolo, piṇḍolabhāradvājo, piṇḍolasuttaṃ	Piṇḍolabhāradvāja Thera (THAG V123-V124), Bhāradvāja the Alms-Seeker
pipāsitosmi (pipāsito + asmi)	I am thirsty (thirsty + I am)
*pippaliguhāyaṃ* (pippali + guhāyaṃ), pipphaliguhāyaṃ	Pippali Cave
pisāco, pisācañca (pisācaṃ + ca)	demon, demon too (demon + too)
pītidahaṃsu (pīti + dahaṃsu)	will bear joy (joy + will burn)
pītisomanassajātaṃ (pīti + somanassa + jātaṃ), pītisomanassajāto, pītisomanassajātā	with rupture and mental happiness (rupture + happiness + born/arisen)
piṭṭhiṃ	backside
piṭṭhito, piṭṭhi	follow closely
pivāmi, pivati, pivatu, pivissati, pivissāmī, pivitvā	drinking, having drunk, I will drink
piyaṃ, piyo, piyā, piye, piyāni	dear
piyarūpaṃ (piya + rūpaṃ), piyarūpena	dear (dear + forms) [lovable form]
piyarūpassādagadhitāse (piya + rūpa + assāda + gadhitāse)	bonded by dear forms and tastes (dear + forms + tastes + bonded)
piyarūpassātagadhitāse (piya + rūpa + s + sāta + gadhitāse)	bonded by dear and agreeable forms (dear + forms + agreeable + bonded)
piyataramattanā (piyataraṃ + attanā)	dearer than self (dearer + self)
piyatarasuttaṃ (piyatara + suttaṃ)	dearer sutta (dearer + sutta)
piyataro	dearer
poso, posa	man, support, bread-winner literally nourisher
potthakesu	by books
pubbaṇhasamayaṃ (pubbaṇha + samayaṃ)	morning, alms-round time (before + time)
pubbāpariyaṃ (pubbaṃ + apariyaṃ)	never before, successive (before + after)
*pubbārāme* (pubba + ārāme)	Eastern Monastery (Eastern + in Monastery)
pubbe	previous
pubbenivāsaṃ (pubbe + nivāsaṃ)	previous abode (past + abode)
puccha, pucchati, pucchatī	ask
pūgā	factions, groups
puggalaṃ, puggalo	person
pūjito, pūjitā, pūjayanti	worshipped, to be worshipped [Arahant]
puna, punapi	again
punabbhavo (puna + b + bhavo)	further becoming (further + becoming)
punappunaṃ (punaṃ + p + punaṃ)	again and again (again + again)
puññaṃ, puññena	merit
pūrā	past, fully
purakkhato, purakkhatvā	surrounded, led by
purāṇadutiyikā, purāṇadutiyikāya	former wife (old + wife)
purāṇakammavipākajaṃ (purāṇa + kamma + vipākajaṃ)	results of former kamma (old + kamma + results)
purāṇasālohitā (purāṇa + sālohitā)	former kinsman (old + kinsman)
purato	in front of
pūrattaṃ	overflow
puratthābhimukho (purattha + abhimukho)	facing east (east + facing)
puratthimaṃ	east, eastern
pure, pūresuṃ	ancient before, in past
purimāni (pure + imāni)	previous these (previous + these)
purisakiccaṃ (purisa + kiccaṃ)	duty of a man (man + duty)
purisaṃ, purisa, puriso, purisā, purisena	man, men
pūrito, pūreti, pūretvā	fills, having filled, filled
puṭabhedanaṃ	town, city, opening packages
puthu, puthū	numerous
puthubhūtaṃ (puthu + bhūtaṃ)	become numerous (numerous + become)
puttaṃ, putta, putto, puttānī, putte, puttehi, puttenapi, puttassa	son
puttasambādhasayanaṃ (putta + sambādha + sayanaṃ)	sleeping hindered by sons (sons + hindered + sleeping)
rāgadosamohakkhayā (rāga + dosa + moha + k + khayā)	ending of lust, hate and delusion (lust + hate + delusion + end)
rāgassa, rāgajehipi	lust
raho	secluded
rahogatassa (raho + gatassa)	gone to seclusion (seclusion + gone to)
rājā, rājāhaṃ, rājānaṃ, rājasuttaṃ	king
*rājagahaṃ*, rājagahe	Rājagaha, first capital of Magadha Janapada, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics) (now known as Rajgir in Bihar, India)
rajaṃ, rajojallaṃ (rajo + jallaṃ)	dust, dust and mud (dust + mud)
rājamahāmattānaṃ (rāja + mahā + amattānaṃ), rājamahāmattehi	state cabinet ministers (state + great + ministers)
rajanaṃ	dust, dust and mud (dust + mud)dye
rajanīyesu	passion-generator, enticing, lustful
rajānukiṇṇaṃ (raja + anukiṇṇaṃ)	increasing lust (dirt + fermenting)
rajataṃ	silver
rajjaṃ	kingdom, kingship
rajjasukhaṃ (rajja + sukhaṃ)	kingly happiness (kingly + happiness)
rājūhi, rājūnaṃ	king
rakkhitacittassa (rakkhita + cittassa)	with protected mind (protected + mind) [Arahant]
rakkhitavanasaṇḍo (rakkhita + vana + saṇḍo), rakkhitavanasaṇḍe	protected forest and grove (protected + forest + grove)
rakkhito, rakkhā	protection, protect
ramatī, ramaṇīyaṃ, ramaṇīyā	delighting, delightful
raññaṃ, rañño, raññe	king
rase	taste, flavor
ratanāni	jewels
rathasippaṃ (ratha + sippaṃ)	chariotry (chariot + craft)
rathiyaṃ, rathiyāya	road, highway, street
ratho	chariot
rattā, ratte	delight, delighting
rattandhakāratimisāyaṃ (ratta + andhakāra + timi + sāyaṃ)	in the pitch dark night (night + blinding + dark + evening)
rattiṃ, ratto, ratti, rattīsu, rattiyā	night
*revato*	Kaṅkhārevata Thera (THAG V3), Revata the Doubter
rogaṃ	disease
rosanti, rosenti	enraged, angry
rukkhamūlaṃ, rukkhamūle, rukkhamūlagatopi (rukkha + mūla + gatopi), rukkhamūlagatassapi	tree root (tree + root), gone to tree root (tree + root + gone) [Arahant] Ninth of the thirteen Austerities
rūpā, rūpāni, rūpe, rūpena	form [beauty], form too (form + too), as
sa, sā (feminine)	he, she
sabbabhavāni (sabba + bhavāni)	all becomings (all + becomings)
sabbajāniṃ (sabba + jāniṃ)	abandoning all (all + knowing)
sabbakammajahassa (sabba + kamma + jahassa)	abandoning all kamma (all + kamma + abandoning) [Arahant]
sabbaṃ, sabbā, sabbadā, sabbadhi, sabbañca, sabbāneva, sabbaso, sabbattha, sabbe, sabbeva	all, always, everywhere, in every way
sabbasanthariṃ (sabba + santhariṃ), sabbasantharisanthataṃ (sabba + santhari + santhataṃ)	spread (all + spreads + spread)
sabbatthatāya	everywhere
sabbāvantaṃ (sabba + āvantaṃ)	entire (all + come)
sabbupādānakkhayā (sabba + upādāna + k + khayā)	ending of all clinging (all + clinging + ending)
sabrahmacārī (sa + brahmacārī), sabrahmacārino	co-farer of holy-life (co + farer of holy-life)
sabrahmake (sa + brahmake)	with brahmas (with + brahmas)
saccaṃ, saccañca	truth
saccavādino (sacca + vādino)	speaker of truth (truth + speaker) [Arahant]
sacchikatvā, sacchākaṃsu	having realized, desirous to realize
sace	if
sadā	always
saddasilokanissito	dependent on words of praise (words + praise + dependent)
saddhaṃ, saddhā, saddhāya	confidence
sadhāya	reciters
saddhāyamānarūpā, saddāyamānarūpā, sadhāyamānarūpā, sadhāyamānarūpe, sadhāyamānasuttaṃ (sadhāyamāna + suttaṃ), sadhudhātuyā, saddhudhātuyā	talkers, reciters, reciters sutta (reciters + sutta)
saddhiṃ	with, together
saddo, sadde	word, words
sadevake (sa + devake), sadevakopi, sadevamanussāya	including devā worlds, with devā (with + devā)
sādhāraṇe	commonly held
sādhuṃ, sādhu, sādhukaṃ, sādhunā	good, well-said, thoroughly
sādiyantena	accept, agree
saggakathaṃ (sagga + kathaṃ)	talk on heaven (heaven + talk)
saggaṃ	heaven
saggasaṃvattanikaṃ (sagga + saṃ + vattanikaṃ)	conducive to heaven (heaven + fully + conducive)
saha	together
sahabyataṃ (saha + byataṃ)	manifest, companionship
sahadhammena (saha + dhammena)	with Dhamma (with + Dhamma)
sahasseva, sahassasseva, sahassasahasseva	like thousand
sahatthā (sa + hatthā)	own hand (with + hand)
sahāyakā, sahāyakānaṃ	companion
sahetudhamma (sa + hetu + dhamma)	phenomena with causes (with + causes + dhamma)
sajjanti	attached
sakabhavanā (saka + bhavanā)	own home (own + home)
sākacchāya	conversation, discussion
sakadāgāmi, sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāminiyo	once-returner, once-returning [fruit] (once + returning) [fruit]
sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya (sakadāgāmi + phala + sacchikiriyāya)	to realize the fruit of once-returnership (once-returnership + fruit + realize)
sakaṃ	my own
sakaṭasatāni (sakaṭa + satāni)	hundred carts (carts + hundred)
sakavaṇṇaṃ (saka + vaṇṇaṃ)	original form (self + class)
sakavediyā (saka + vediyā)	felt by self (self + felt)
sākhābhaṅgaṃ (sākhā + bhaṅgaṃ)	broken branches (branches + broken)
sakiñcanaṃ (sa + kiñcanaṃ)	ones with possessions (with + something)
sākiyānī, sakyakulā (sakya + kulā)	Sakyans, Sakyan clan (Sakyan + clan), the tribe of Lord Buddha
sakkā, sakkomi, sakkosi, sakkoti	capable, possible, able
*sakkaṃ*, sakko, sakkassa	Sakka, deva, lord of heaven of Thirty-Three, another name for Inda
sakkāraṃ, sakkāro, sakkārasuttaṃ (sakkāra + suttaṃ)	hospitality, hospitality sutta (hospitality + sutta)
sakkato, sakkatā	provided hospitality [Arahant]
sakkudānasuttaṃ (sakka + udāna + suttaṃ)	inspired utterance of Sakka sutta (Sakka + inspired utterance + sutta)
sako, sake, sakesu	own
sakyaputtiyā, sakyaputtiyānaṃ	Sons of Sakya (Sakya + sons) In general, refers to Buddhist Monastics
sakyaputto (sakya + putto)	Son of Sakyan (Sakyan + son)
*sālavane* (sāla + vane)	Sāla Forest (Sāla + forest), known as Upavattana-Sālavana
saḷāyatanaṃ (saḷa + āyatanaṃ)	six sense-bases (six + sense-bases)
saḷāyatananirodho (saḷa + āyatana + nirodho), saḷāyatananirodhā	cessation of six sense-bases (six + sense-bases + cessation)
saḷāyatanapaccayā (saḷa + āyatana + paccayā)	because of six sense-bases (six + sense-bases + because of)
sallaṃ, sallanti	dart
samā	same, equal
samacārino (saṃ + acārino)	virtuous conduct farer (even + farer)
samādapito, samādapesi, samādāpesi, samādapeti, samādāpeti, samādapentaṃ, samādapiyamānaṃ, samādapiyamānassa, samādapetvā	roused
samādāya (saṃ + ādāya), samādiyi, samādiyitvā	fully undertake (fully + undertake), having undertaken
samādhikathā (samādhi + kathā)	concentration talk (concentration + talk)
samādhiṃ, samādhimhā, samādhinā	concentration, concentrated
samādipito (saṃ + ādipito)	on fire (fully + on fire)
samāhito	restrained [Arahant]
sāmaṃ	by myself [by oneself]
samaṇabrāhmaṇā (samaṇa + brāhmaṇā)	renunciate and brāhmaṇa (renunciate + brāhmaṇa)
samaṇaṃ, samaṇa, samaṇo, samaṇā, samaṇakā, samaṇānaṃ, samaṇassa, sāmaññā, sāmaññaṃ	renunciate
samaṇaparisaṃ (samaṇa + parisaṃ)	assembly of renunciates (renunciates + assembly)
samaṇapaṭiñño (samaṇa + paṭiñño), samaṇapaṭiññaṃ	false renunciate (renunciate + pretending)
samaṅgibhūtā (samaṅgi + bhūtā)	become endowed with (endowed + become)
samannāgato (saṃ + anvāgata)	possessing, possessed of [furnished with]
samannāharitvā (saṃ + anu + āharitvā)	concentrated (fully + together + collecting)
samāno	equal, being
samāpatti, samāpanno, samāpannā, samāpannāti, samāpannaṃ, samāpajjitvā	entered upon, having entered upon
samappitā (saṃ + appitā)	fully given to (fully + given to)
samārake (sa + mārake), samārakassa	with Māra (with + Māra)
samasamaphalā (samasama + phalā)	right fruits (right + fruits)
samasamavipākā (samasama + vipākā)	right results (right + results)
samatikkamo (saṃ + atikkamo)	fully transcended (fully + transcended)
samatittikā	brimming full
sāmāvatīpamukhāni (sāmāvatī + pamukhāni)	Sāmāvatī is the chief (Sāmāvatī + is chief)
samayaṃ	time, calm
samayena	at that time
sambādho (saṃ + bādho)	fully troubled (fully + troubled)
sambahulā (saṃ + bahulā), sambahule, sambahulehi, sambahulānaṃ	many (fully + many)
sambhavaṃ (saṃ + bhavaṃ), sambhavo, sambhavanti, sambhoti	origination, becoming (full + becoming)
sambodhāya (saṃ + bodhāya)	for self-enlightenment (self + enlightenment)
sambodhiparāyaṇo (saṃ + bodhi + parāyaṇo)	destined for self-enlightenment (self + enlightenment + crossing-over) [Arahant]
sameti	agrees, appeases, get together
sāmīcippaṭipannā (sāmīci + p + paṭipannā)	practicing respectfully (respectfully + practicing) [Arahant]
sāmikaṃ	husband literally owner, lord, also used for monks
samiñjeyya (saṃ + iñjeyya), samiñjitaṃ	moves or stirs
saṃkhittena, saṃkhittāya	in brief
samma	good sir literally equal
sammā	rightly, fully
sammadeva (sammad + eva)	completely, properly
sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro (sammā + diṭṭhi + purekkhāro)	preceded by right view (right + view + preceded) [Arahant]
sammajjanī	broom
sammappadhānā (samma + p + padhānā)	right strivings (right + efforts)
sammappaññāya (samma + p + paññāya)	with right wisdom (right + wisdom)
sammāsambodhiṃ (sammā + saṃ + bodhiṃ)	right self-enlightenment (right + self + enlightenment) [Nibbāna]
sammāsambuddhaṃ (sammā + saṃ + buddhaṃ), sammāsambuddha, sammāsambuddho, sammāsambuddhā, sammāsambuddhassa, samāsambuddhanti	rightly self-enlightened (rightly + self + enlightened) [Lord Buddha]
sammāsaṅkappagocaro (sammā + saṅkappa + gocaro)	resorting to right intention (right + intention + resorting to) [Arahant]
sammattakajātā (saṃ + mattakajātā), sammattakajāte	fully intoxicated (fully + intoxicated)
sammāvimuttānaṃ (sammā + vi + muttānaṃ)	rightly fully-freed (rightly + fully + freed) [Arahant]
sammiñjitaṃ, sammiñjeyya	bend back
sammodi, sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ	friendly
sammukhā (saṃ + mukhā), sammukhe	presence (face + to face)
sammūḷho (saṃ + mūḷho)	confused (fully + deluded)
sampahaṃsito, sampahaṃsesi, sampahaṃseti, sampahaṃsentaṃ, sampahaṃsiyamānaṃ, sampahaṃsiyamānassa, sampahaṃsetvā	gladdening
sampajānaṃ (saṃ + pajānaṃ), sampajāno	clearly knowing (fully + knowing) [Arahant]
sampassamāno (saṃ + passamāno)	clearly seeing (fully + seeing) [Arahant]
sampavārito (saṃ + pavārito), sampavāresi, sampavāresuṃ	fully gratified (fully + gratified)
samphasso (saṃ + phasso), samphusī	contact (full + contact)
saṃsāmetvā, paṭisaṃsāmetvā	tidying up, cleaning
saṃsandetabbaṃ	flowing together, coming together
saṃsāraṃ	round of existences
saṃsumbhiṃsu (saṃ + sumbhiṃsu)	knocked (fully + knocked)
samudācarasī, samudācarati, samudācaratī, samudācaranti	claimed, calls, treats, behaves
samudāciṇṇo	habit, practice
samudayadhammaṃ (saṃ + udayaṃ + dhammaṃ)	subject to arising (full + arising + nature)
samudayaṃ (saṃ + udayaṃ), samudayo	full arising (full + arising)
samuddatīre (samudda + tīre)	sea shore (sea + shore)
sāmukkaṃsikā (sā + mukkaṃ + sikā)	teaching on freedom (with + freedom + teaching)
samuttejito, samuttejesi, samuttejeti, samuttejentaṃ, samuttejiyamānaṃ, samuttejiyamānassa, samutejetvā, samuttejetvā	inspirers, having inspired
saṃvaro, saṃvuto, saṃvaratī	guarded [Arahant]
saṃvāso, saṃvāsena, saṃvasati	reside, tolerate
saṃvattati, saṃvattanti	increasing, evolving
saṃvejito	deeply agitated
saṃvijjatī (saṃ + vijjatī)	fully seen (fully + seen)
saṃvohārena	by dealing, by trading
saṃyamo (saṃ + yamo), saṃyamato	self-control (full + not to do), self-controlled [Arahant]
saṃyojanasaṅgasattā (saṃyojana + saṅga + sattā)	fettered and attached beings (fettered + clinging + beings)
saṃyojane (saṃ + yojane), saṃyojanānaṃ, saṃyujjhiṃsu	fetter (fully + yoked)
sandānaṃ	chain, tether
sandassito, sandassesi, sandasseti, sandassentaṃ, sandassiyamānaṃ, sandassiyamānassa, sandassetvā	instructed, explained, shown [the path]
sandati, sandatī, sandamānā	flowing
sandhāretuṃ	bear
sandhāvissaṃ	running through
sandhāya	in relation to
saṅgā	attachments
saṅgāma	battle
saṅgāmagataṃva (saṅgāma + gataṃva)	gone to battle (battle + gone)
*saṅgāmajiṃ*, saṅgāmaji, saṅgāmajissa, saṅgāmajisuttaṃ	Saṅgāmaji Thera, Victor of Battle
saṅgamaticca (saṅgaṃ + aticca)	overcome attachment (attachment + overcome)
saṅghabhedasuttaṃ (saṅghaṃ + bheda + suttaṃ)	division of the Saṅgha sutta (Saṅgha + division + sutta)
saṅghakammāni (saṅgha + kammāni)	Saṅghā kammā (Saṅgha + duties)
saṅghaṃ, saṅgho, saṅghamhā	Untranslated Buddhist monastic order of monks & nuns
saṅghāṭiṃ, saṅghāṭiñca, saṅghāṭiyā	outer double-robe
sanibbuto (saṃ + nibbuto) same as nibbuto	liberated, self-liberated (self + liberated) [Arahant]
saṅkassarasamācāro (saṅkassara + samācāro), saṅkassarasamācāraṃ	of dubious conduct (of dubious + conduct)
saṅkhalikhitaṃ (saṅkha + likhitaṃ)	polished like a shell (shell + polished)
saṅkhaṃ, saṅkho, saṅkhampi	number, count
saṅkhānasippaṃ (saṅkhāna + sippaṃ)	reasoning (reasoning + craft)
saṅkhārā	formations [formed]
saṅkhāranirodho (saṅkhāra + nirodho), saṅkhāranirodhā	cessation of formations (formations + cessation)
saṅkhārapaccayā (saṅkhāra + paccayā)	because of formations (formations + because of)
saṅkhātadhammassa	realized the Dhamma, understood the Dhamma
saṅkhatassa	formed, collected
saṅkhyampi	number [measure, amount]
saṅkilesaṃ (saṃ + kilesaṃ)	fully defiling (fully + defiling)
saññā	perceptions
saññate	self-controlled [Arahant]
saññāto, saññatto, saññāpetvā, saññāpehi	convinced
sannipatitaṃ, sannipatitā, sannipātitā, sannipatitānaṃ sannipātehī, sannipātetvā, sannipatitvā	having gathered
sannisinnā (saṃ + nisinnā), sannisinnānaṃ	sitting together (together + sitting)
santacittassa (santa + cittassa), santamānasaṃ	peaceful mind (peaceful + mind) [Arahant]
santāpehi (saṃ + tāpehi), santāpajāto, santappamāne	fully tormenting (fully + tormenting)
santappito (saṃ + tappito), santappesi, santappesuṃ	fully satisfied (fully + satisfied)
santhara, santhari, saṇṭhāti, santharitvā, santhataṃ	spread, having spread
santi, santeke (santa + eke), santettha (santa + ettha), santo	is, one is (one + is), is here (is + here), was
santike	near
santindriyaṃ (santa + indriyaṃ)	peaceful faculties (peaceful + faculties) [Arahant]
santuṭṭhaṃ (saṃ + tuṭṭhaṃ), santuṭṭho	sated, satisfied (fully + satisfied) [Arahant]
santuṭṭhikathā (santuṭṭhi + kathā)	talk on being satisfied (being satisfied + talk)
sapadānaṃ	bypassing no donors on the alms round [Arahant] Fourth of the thirteen Austerities
sapantime (sa + panta + ime)	remote these (remote + these)
sāpi (sā + pi)	she too (she + too)
sappāṭihāriyaṃ (sa + p + pāṭihāriyaṃ)	miraculous (with + miracles)
sappiṃ, sappinā, sappissa	ghee
sarabhaññapariyosāne (sarabhañña + pariyosāne)	at the end of recital (recital + end)
*sarabhū*	Sarabhū River, Saryu River
saraṃ	lake
sārambhakathā (sārambha + kathā)	angry talk (impetuosity + talk)
sāramenti	aim, meaning
saraṇaṃ	refuge
*sārandadaṃ*	Sārandada shrine
sāraṇīyaṃ, sārāṇiyaṃ, sārāṇīyaṃ	heard, having heard
sārattā	delighted, impassioned
sāre	essence
sarehi	arrow
sarena	intonation
*sāriputtaṃ* (sāri + puttaṃ), sāriputto, sāriputta, sāriputtena, sāriputtasuttaṃ, sāriputtattherassa, sāriputtaupasamasuttaṃ	Sāriputta Thera (THAG V981-V1016), Son of Sāri, First of the two Chief Disciples, Marshall of Dhamma, Upatissa was his first name
sarīraṃ, sarīrakaṃ, sarīrassa	body, bodily
saritā	rivers
sāsanaṃ, sāsana, sāsane	Teaching, in Teaching
sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā (sa + samaṇa + brāhmaṇiyā)	with renunciates and brāhmaṇā (with + renunciates + brāhmaṇā)
sassataṃ, sassati, sassato, sassatañca, sassatoriva	eternal
sataṃ, satā	mindfulness, hundred, attached
sātarūpena (sāta + rūpena)	as agreeable (agreeable + as)
satataṃ	continuously
satiṃ, sati, sato, satiyā	there being, exists, mindfulness
satīmā, satīmato	mindful [Arahant]
satipaṭṭhānā (sati + paṭṭhānā)	establishment of mindfulness (mindfulness + establishment)
sātodakaṃ (sāta + odakaṃ), sātodakā, sātudakaṃ	pure water (pure + water)
satta, sattamo, sattapi, sattamaṃ, sattasu	seven, seventh
sattā, satte	clinging, attached
sattāhajāte (sattāha + jāte), sattāhajātesu	seven days after birth (seven days + after birth)
sattāhaṃ (satta + ahaṃ), sattāhameva, sattāhassa	for/in seven I (seven + I)
sattāhavaddalikā (sattāha + vaddalikā)	rained for seven days (seven days + rainy weather)
sattajaṭilasuttaṃ (satta + jaṭila + suttaṃ)	seven matted-hair ascetics sutta (seven + matted-hair ascetics + sutta)
sattakkhattuṃ (satta + k + khattuṃ)	seven lives [seven times]
sattamavaggavaranti (sattama + vaggavaranti)	seventh section (seventh + section)
*sattambaṃ (*satta + ambaṃ)	Sattamba shrine (seven + mango trees)
sattaratanaṃ (satta + ratanaṃ)	seven cubit [tall] (seven + jewels)
sattati	seventy
satthā, satthu, satthuno	teacher
satthehipi	by knives
saṭṭhi	sixty
satthiṃ, satthi	thigh
satto	being, for beings
sāvakā, sāvakānaṃ, sāvikā (feminine)	disciple
sāvakasaṅgho (sāvaka + saṅgho)	assembly of disciples (disciples + assembly)
savantiyo	flowing
*sāvatthiṃ*, sāvatthi, sāvatthiyā, sāvatthiyaṃ	Sāvatthi capital city of Kosala Janapada, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
sāvesi	announced
sayaṃ	oneself
sayaṃkataṃ (sayaṃ + kataṃ), sayaṃkatañca, sayaṃkato	done by self (self + done)
sayaṃkathaṃ (sayaṃ + kathaṃ)	talk on self (self + talk)
sayanāsanaṃ (sayana + āsanaṃ)	bed (sleeping + seat)
sāyanhasamayaṃ (sāyanha + samayaṃ)	evening time (evening + time)
sayāno, sāyituṃ	sleeping
sekhaṃ, sekhoti, sekkhoti	trainee
selo	rock
selūpamaṃ (sela + ūpamaṃ)	simile of rock (rock + simile)
senāsanaṃ, senāsanāni	dwelling
*seniyo*	Seniya Bimbisāra, King of Magadha Janapada, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
setapacchādo (seta + pacchādo)	white covered (white + covered) [Arahant]
setodakā (seta + odakā)	white water (white + water)
seṭṭhiputto (seṭṭhi + putto)	son of business tycoon (business tycoon + son)
setuṃ	bridge
seyyathāpi	just as
seyyathidaṃ (seyyatha + idaṃ)	namely this (namely + this)
sīhaseyyaṃ (sīha + seyyaṃ)	lion sleeping pose (lion + sleeping)
sikkhaṃ, sikkhati, sikkhato, sikkhi, sikkhissati, sikkhitabbaṃ	training rules, trains, trainee
sikkhāpadaṃ (sikkhā + padaṃ), sikkhāpadesu	training precepts (training + steps)
sikkhāsārā	learning
silā	quartz
sīlabbataṃ (sīla + v + vataṃ)	rites and rituals (rites + rituals)
sīlakathaṃ (sīla + kathaṃ), sīlakathā	talk on virtues (virtues + talk)
sīlaṃ, sīlesu, sīlavanto (sīla + vanto), sīlavato, sīlavā, sīlavantettha (sīlavanta + ettha)	virtues, virtuous, this virtuous one (virtuous + this one) [Arahant]
sīlasampadāya (sīla + sampadāya), sīlasampadāyā, sīlasampanno, sīlasampannassa	endowed with virtues (virtues + endowed with)
sīlavipanno (sīla + vipanno), sīlavipannassa, sīlavipattiyā	unendowed with virtues (virtues + unendowed with)
sīmantarikāya (sīmā + antarikāya)	boundary-land (boundary + interval)
*simbaliguhāyaṃ* (simbali + guhāyaṃ)	Simbali cave
siṅghāṭakaṃ, siṅghāṭakena	cross-roads
sippaṃ, sippānaṃ, sippasuttaṃ	art, craft
siriṃsapa	snake
sīsaṃ, sīse, sirasā	head, with head
sītaṃ, sītiṃ	cold, cool, smile
sītāsu	clinging, attached
sītavātaduddinī (sīta + vāta + duddinī)	cold-windy-cloudy (cold + windy + cloudy)
sītibhaviṃsu (sītī + bhaviṃsu)	will become cool (cool + will become)
sītidahiṃsu (sīti + dahiṃsu)	will bear cool (cool + will burn)
sītīkarissatī (sītī + karissatī)	will cool (cool + will)
sītodakā (sīta + odakā)	cool water (cool + water)
siyā, siyuṃ	be, exist, am, is, has
so	he
sobbhe	pit
socati	sorrows
soceyyaṃ	purity
sokā, sokamajjhe (soka + majjhe)	sorrows, in middle of sorrowing (sorrowing + midst)
sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā (soka + parideva + dukkha + domanassa + upāyāsā)	sorrow-lamentation-suffering-sadness-despair (sorrow + lamentation + suffering + mental sadness + despair)
soḷasa, soḷasi	sixteen
somhi (so + amhi)	I (he + I)
*soṇaṃ*, soṇa, soṇo, soṇassa, soṇena,	first name of Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa Thera (THAG V365-V369)
soṇasuttaṃ (soṇa + suttaṃ)	Soṇa sutta (Soṇa + sutta)
soṇavaggo (soṇa + vaggo), soṇatheravaggo	section on Soṇa (Soṇa + section)
soṇḍaṃ, soṇḍo, soṇḍāya	elephant trunk
sossāmī	hear
sotadhātuyā (sota + dhātuyā)	by ear element (ear + by element), divine ear
sotāpanno, sotāpannā	stream-enterer
sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya (sotāpatti + phala + sacchikiriyāya)	to realize the fruit of stream-entry (stream-entry + fruit + realize)
sotena	ear
sotuṃ	heard
subhāsitaṃ (su + bhāsitaṃ), subhāsitamidaṃ	well-spoken (well + said), this well-spoken
*subhūti*, subhūtiṃ, subhūtisuttaṃ	Subhūti Thera (THAG V1), Well-being
sucī	pure
sūcighaṭikaṃ (sūci + ghaṭikaṃ)	bolt bar
sudaṃ	pleonastic particle [in this way, just]
sudassanaṃ (su + dassanaṃ)	good looking (good + looking)
*suddā*	Sudda, lowest class in the Indian four-class hierarchy
suddhaṃ, suddhī	clean, cleaning, purified
sugato (su + gato), sugatā, sugatiṃ	well-gone one (well + gone) [Lord Buddha]
suggahitāni	well possessed (well + possessed)
*sujā*, sujātā (su + jātā)	Sujātā, an Asura maiden, wife of Sakka, well-born (well + born)
sujjhanti (sudh + y + anti)	clean, pure
sukaraṃ (su + karaṃ)	easy to do (well + done)
sūkaramaddavaṃ (sūkara + maddavaṃ), sūkaramaddavena	pigs delight, young pig, mushrooms (pig + withered), see endnote on Sutta 8.5 (75) Cunda Sutta
sukhadukkhaṃ (sukhaṃ + dukkhaṃ), sukhadukkhā, sukhadukkhesu	happiness-suffering (happiness + suffering)
sukhadukkhaphuṭṭho (sukha + dukkha + phuṭṭho)	touched by happiness and suffering (happiness + suffering + contacted)
sukhakāmāni (sukha + kāmāni)	desirous of happiness (happiness + desirous)
sukhaṃ, sukhiṃ, sukho, sukha, sukhā, sukhino, sukhinī, sukhassa, sukhāya, sukhāyā, sukhiniṃ	happiness, happily, happy
sukhamesāno (sukhaṃ + esāno)	longing for happiness (happiness + longing for)
sukhasaṃvattanikaṃ (sukha + saṃ + vattanikaṃ)	conducive to happiness (happiness + fully + conducive)
sukhumā	subtle, fine, delicate one
sukilantarūpo (su + kilanta + rūpo)	very tired (well + tired + looking)
*sukkā*	Sukka, planet Venus, pure, white, bright
sulabharūpā	easily gainable
suladdhaṃ (su + laddhaṃ)	well-gained (well + gained)
sumanasikatāni (su + manasi + katāni)	remembered (well + attended + done)
suṇanti, suṇeyya	hear
*sundariṃ*, sundarī, sundarīsuttaṃ	Wanderer Sundarī who accused Lod Buddha, Beautiful
sunhātā (su + nhātā)	well-bathed (well + washed)
*sunidhavassakārā* (sunidha + vassakārā), sunīdhavassakārā, sunidhavassakāre, sunidhavassakārānaṃ	Sunidha and Vassakārā, Magadhan cabinet ministers
suniggahitaṃ (su + niggahitaṃ)	well rebuking (well + rebuking)
suññāgāraṃ, suññāgāragatopi (suñña + agāra + gatopi), suññāgāragatassapi	having gone to an empty room (empty + home + gone)
sūpadhāritāni (sū + padhāritāni)	well considered (well + wore)
*suppabuddhaṃ*, suppabuddho, suppabuddhassa, suppabuddhakuṭṭhisuttaṃ (suppabuddha + kuṭṭhi + suttaṃ)	Suppabuddha the Leper, Suppabuddha the Leper sutta (Suppabuddha + leper + sutta)
suppakāsitaṃ (su + p + pakāsitaṃ), suppakāsita	well-explained (well + illustrated)
*suppārake,* suppārakamhā	Suppāraka, now known as Sopara in Maharashtra, India
suppaṭipanno (su + p + paṭipanno)	well-practicing (well + walking)
suppatiṭṭhito (su + p + patiṭṭhito), supatitthā, sūpaṭṭhitāya, suppatiṭṭhita, suppatiṭṭhitaṃ	well-established (well + established) [Arahant]
*suppavāsaṃ,* suppavāsā, suppavāse, suppavāsāya, suppavāsāsuttaṃ	Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter
suppo	winnowing basket
suriyova (suriyo + va), sūriyova	like sun (sun + like)
susamāhito (su + samāhito)	well-restrained (well + restrained) [Arahant]
susamāraddhā (su + saṃ + āraddhā)	firmly undertaken (well + fully + firm)
susaṃvihitā (su + saṃ + vihitā)	furnished (well + fully + furnished)
susukhaṃ (su + sukhaṃ)	true happiness (good + happiness)
sutadhammassa (suta + dhammassa)	the Dhamma heard (heard + Dhamma)
sutaṃ, sute, sutoyeva (suto + eva), sutanti, sutvāna	heard, one who has heard, having heard
sutamattaṃ (suta + mattaṃ)	only heard (heard + only)
suvibhattaṃ (su + vibhattaṃ)	well-explained (well + explained)
suvikappitā (su + vikappitā)	well-ordered (well + prepared)
suvilittā (su + vilittā)	well-anointed (well + anointed)
svākkhāte (su + ākkhāte)	well-propounded (well + propounded)
svātanāya	tomorrow
syāmapotthake (syāma + potthake)	in Thai book (Thai + in book)
tā	due to, that, those, they
tadā	then, as that time
tadahuposathe (tadahi + uposathe)	thus at Uposatha (thus + at Uposatha)
tadanuttaraṃ (tada + an + uttaraṃ)	that unsurpassed (that + not + surpassed)
tadaṭṭhakathāpi (tada + aṭṭhakathā + pi)	that commentary too (that + commentary + too)
tadavasari (tada + avasari)	arrived there (there + arrived)
tadāyatanaṃ (tada + āyatanaṃ)	that realm (that + realm)
tādī, tādino	thus one, such one, such, as much [Arahant]
*tagarasikhiṃ*, taggarasikhiṃ	Tagarasikhi, a Private Buddha
takkikā, takkikānaṃ	reasoner, debater, logician
taṃ, tamahaṃ	you, then I
tamandho (tama + andho)	blind with darkness (darkness + blind)
tamanussaramāno (taṃ + anussaramāno)	recollecting thus (thus + recollecting)
tamhā	his
tamo, tamasā	darkness
tamogadha (tama + ogadha) OR (taṃ + ogadha)	merging with darkness (darkness + merging) OR (they + firm footing)
tañca	that which
taṇhā, taṇhānaṃ, taṇhāya	craving
taṇhāchadanachāditā (taṇhā + chadana + chāditā)	veiled by craving (craving + covering + covered)
taṇhākhayo (taṇha + khayo)	end of craving (craving + end)
taṇhakkhayasukhassete (taṇha + k + khaya + sukhassa + ete)	happiness of ending of craving they (craving + ending + happiness + they)
taṇhānirodho (taṇhā + nirodho), taṇhānirodhā	cessation of craving (craving + cessation)
taṇhāpaccayā (taṇhā + paccayā)	because of craving (craving + because of)
taṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ (taṇhā + saṃ + khaya + suttaṃ)	full ending of craving sutta (craving + full + ending + sutta)
taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ (taṇhā + saṃ + khaya + vimuttiṃ)	full-freedom by full ending of craving (craving + full + ending + full-freedom)
tāni (see etāhi, etāni)	these, them, those
tantaṃ	loom
tapati	tormenting
taramānarūpo	in a hurry, hurried
tare, taranti, tarissati, tareyyuṃ	cross
taruṇavacchā (taruṇa + vacchā)	young calf (young + calf)
tāsaṃ	out of them [their]
tasaraṃ	weaving shuttle
tasmā	therefore
tasmātiha (tasmā + iti + iha)	therefore, because of this (because + of + this)
tasmiṃ (see etasmiṃ), tasmiṃyeva	that
tassa, tassā (feminine)	his, her
tassaṃ	there
tassapi (tassa + pi)	of that too (that + too)
tasseva (tassa + eva)	like him (like + him)
tassuddānaṃ (tassa + uddānaṃ)	therefore said [contents]
tathā	so, thus, like
tathāgatappaveditaṃ (tathāgata + p + paveditaṃ), tathāgatappavedite	spoken by Tathāgata (Lord Buddha + spoken)
tathāgato, tathāgatova, tathāgatā, tathāgatassa, tathāgatassā, tathāgatenāti	Untranslated [thus come or thus gone] [Lord Buddha]
tatiyabodhisuttaṃ (tatiya + bodhi + suttaṃ)	third enlightenment sutta (third + Bodhi tree + sutta)
tatiyaṃ, tatiyo, tatiyampi	third
tatiyanānātitthiyasuttaṃ (tatiya + nānā + titthiya + suttaṃ)	third various sectarians sutta (third + various + sectarians + sutta)
tatiyanibbānapaṭisaṃyuttasuttaṃ (tatiya + nibbāna + paṭisaṃyutta + suttaṃ)	third connected to Nibbāna sutta (third + Nibbāna + connected to + sutta)
tato	then, because of that, from there, from that, thence, therefore, thereupon
tatra, tattha	there, therein, therefrom
tatrāpāhaṃ (tatra + api + ahaṃ)	there too I was (there + too + I was)
tatrime (tatra + ime), tatrimāni	there [are] these (there + these)
tatthekacce (tattha + ekacce)	there someone (there + someone)
tattheva	there and then, similar
tāva	until, now, just,
tāvadeva	instantly, right away, immediately
tāvāhaṃ (tāva + ahaṃ)	now I (now + I)
tāvatake, tāvatike	that many
tāvatiṃsesu (tāva + tiṃsesu), tāvatiṃsehi, tāvatiṃsānaṃ	[heaven of] thirty three (three + thirty)
tayā	you
tāyaṃ, tāya	with/by her
tayidaṃ	here
tayo, tīhi, tisso	three, third
te	they, them, those
tecīvarikaṃ (te + cīvarikaṃ), tecīvariko	wearing only one set of triple robes (three + robes) [Arahant] Third of the thirteen Austerities
tedha (te + idha)	they here (they + here)
tehi	there
tejo	light, fire
tejodhātuṃ (tejo + dhātuṃ)	fire (light + element)
telaṃ, telassa	oil
telappadīpaṃ (tela + p + padīpaṃ), telappadīpo, telappadīpesu, telapajjotaṃ	lighted oil lamp (oil + lighted lamp)
teme (te + ime)	they these (they + these)
tena, tenāhaṃ (tena + ahaṃ)	therefore, at that time, because of that, therefore I (therefore + I)
tenahānanda (tenahi + ānanda)	therefore Ānanda (therefore + Ānanda)
tenañjaliṃ (tena + añjaliṃ)	therefore with folded hands (therefore + folded hands)
tenāyaṃ (tena + ayaṃ)	therefore he (therefore + I)
tenevantaravassena (tena + eva + antara + vassena)	in that rainy season (in + that + between + rains)
tenupasaṅkama (tena + upasaṅkama), tenupasaṅkami, tenupasaṅkamiṃ, tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, tenupasaṅkameyyaṃ, tenupasaṅkamissāma, tenupasaṅkamissāmā	approached there (there + came)
tesaṃ	theirs, for them
tesu	those
teva	thus, that, such
thalaṃ	land
thāmavā	resolute [Arahant]
thambhaṃ	pillar, post
thāmo	strength
tharusippaṃ (tharu + sippaṃ)	sword-making (sword hilt + craft)
thero, therā	elder bhikkhu(s)
thinamiddhā (thina + middhā), thīnamiddhā	sloth-torpor (sloth + torpor)
thīnamiddhābhibhū (thīna + middhā + abhibhū)	overcome by sloth-torpor (sloth + torpor + conquered by)
ṭhitadhammo (ṭhita + dhammo)	of standing nature (standing + nature)
ṭhitaṃ, ṭhito, ṭhitā, ṭhitassa, ṭhitena	standing
ṭhitiṃ, ṭhiti	stability [Nibbāna]
thokaṃ	little
*thūnaṃ*, thūṇaṃ, thūṇeyyakā, thūṇeyyakehi	Thūna, a Brāhmaṇā village
thūṇo	column
thūpo, thūpañcassa	thupa, stupa, pagoda
ti	so, it is
tibbaṃ, tibbāhi, tippāhi	intense
tikkhattuṃ (ti + k + khattuṃ)	three times (three + times)
timi, timiṅgalo, timitimiṅgalo, timirapiṅgalo	giant creatures in ocean
tiṃsaṃ	thirty
tiṇāni, tiṇañca, tiṇassa	grass
tīṇi, tiṇṇaṃ, tīṇipi	three
tiṇṇā	crossed-over [Arahant]
tiṇṇavicikiccho (tiṇṇa + vicikiccho)	crossed-over doubt (crossed-over + doubt) [Arahant]
tīraṃ, tīre	bank, having come to the bank
tīreti, tīretī, tīretvā	finished, accomplished, having finished
tiṭṭhaṃ, tiṭṭhati, tiṭṭhatu, titthena, tiṭṭheyya	standing, fording place
titthiyā, titthiyehi, titthiyānaṃ	sectarians
titthiyasāvakehi (titthiya + sāvakehi)	disciples of sectarians (sectarian + disciples)
tiyojanasatikāpi (ti + yojana + satika + api)	three hundred yojanā too (three + yojana + hundred + too)
tu	now, but, indeed
tudanti	inciting, instigating
tulamatulañca (tulaṃ + a + tulaṃ + ca)	equalled-unequalled too (equalled + not + equalled + too)
tumhākaṃ	to you
tumhe, tumheva	you, you yourself
tuṇhī	silent
tuṇhībhāvo (tuṇhī + bhāvo), tuṇhībhāvena	by being silent (silent + by being)
tusitaṃ	heaven of contented devā
tuṭṭhassa	content
tuvaṭaṃ	quickly
tuyhaṃ, tuyheso, tuyheva, tvaṃyeva	your, yours only
tvaṃ	you
tveva (iti + eva)	but, just, only
ubbiggo	anxiously
ubbilāpā	elated, puffed-up
ubhayamantare (ubhayaṃ + antare), ubhayamantarena	in-between (both + in-between)
ubhayametaṃ (ubhayaṃ + etaṃ)	both these (both + these)
ubhinnaṃ, ubho, ubhopi (ubho + pi)	both, and both (both + and)
uccāsaddā (uccā + saddā)	pandemonium (high + words)
uccāsaddamahāsaddā (uccā + sadda + mahā + saddā)	pandemonium and uproar (high + words + great + words)
ucchaditvā, ucchadditvāna, ucchaḍḍitvāna	having vomited
ucchinnabhavataṇhassa (ucchinna + bhava + taṇhassa)	cutting-off craving for becoming (cut-off + becoming + craving)
uda	or, else
udaggacittaṃ (udagga + cittaṃ)	lofty-minded (elated + minded)
udakaṃ, udakena, udakassa, udakato	water
udakamaṇikaṃ (udaka + maṇikaṃ), udakamaṇiko	waterpot (water + waterpot)
udānaṃ, udāno, udānemi, udānesi, udāne, udānentassa	inspired utterance
udānamitimāhu (udānaṃ + itiṃ + āhu), udānamitīdamāhu, udānantidamāhu	Udāna are these (inspired utterance + here + are)
udapādi	arises
udapānaṃ, udapāno, udapānā, udapānañca, udapānena	water well
udapānasuttaṃ (udapāna + suttaṃ)	water well sutta (water well + sutta)
udatāri (see cudatāri)	crossed-over
udayabbayaṃ (udaya + v + vayaṃ)	arising-passing (arising + passing)
udayatthagāminiyā (udaya + atthagāminiyā)	arising-setting (arising + destroying)
uddhaṃ	upwards, high
uddharitvā	having taken, having drawn-out
uddhasto, uddhaste	risen, arisen
uddhatā, uddhate	restless can also be translated conceited
uddhatasuttaṃ (uddhata + suttaṃ)	restless sutta (conceited + sutta)
uddisissāmi, uddiseyya, uddiseyyātha, uddisatu	recite
*udenaṃ*	Udena shrine
udīritaṃ	uttered, spoken
udukkhalo	mortar
uggahetvā	having learned
uggamati, uggate, unnamate, unnamati	rise, ascending, arising
uggiritvāna	rattling
ujjhāpesuṃ	complained
ujjhāyittha	offended
ujuṃ	straight
ukkhipati	ejects
ukkujjeyya	turned upright
uḷāro	great
uḷumpaṃ	pontoon
ummujjanimujjaṃ (ummujjaṃ + nimujjaṃ), ummujjanimujjampi	emerging and plunging (emerging + plunging)
ummujjantepi, ummujjantipi	emerges, arises out of, comes to surface
ūnattaṃ	depleted
uṇhaṃ	hot
unnaḷā, unnaḷe	puffed-up, vain
upaccagā	overcome
upaccapi, uppaccapi	jumped, flown-up
upacitaṃ, upacita	merits accumulated
upadaheyya	caused
upādānaṃ, upādāya, upādānassa	clinging
upādānanirodho (upādāna + nirodho), upādānanirodhā	cessation of clinging (clinging + cessation)
upādānapaccayā (upādāna + paccayā)	because of clinging (clinging + because of)
upaḍḍhullikhitehi (upaḍḍha + ullikhitehi)	half-combed [hair] (half + combed)
upadhibandhano (upadhi + bandhano), upadhisambandhano	tied by possessions (possessions + tied)
upadhiṃ, upadhiñhi	possessions
upāgami, upagacchiṃsu	practicing, approached, entered
upajjhāyo	preceptor
upakkamanti	fight, come to
upakkitako, upakkitakavādena	hireling, like a hireling
upanidhimpi, upanidhāya	comparison, not even comparable
upanighaṃsantiyo	jostling, rubbing-up against, pushing
upapanno, upapajjati, upapajjantī, upapattiṃ, upapajjī	arise, arising, arisen, have arisen
uparimuddhani (upari + muddhani)	above head (above + top)
uparipāsādavaragato (upari + pāsāda + vara + gato)	gone to top [floor] of palace (upper + palace + highest + gone)
upāsakaṃ, upāsako, upāsaka, upāsakā, upāsake, upāsakehi, upāsakena, upāsakesu, upāsakassa, Feminine: upāsikā, upāsikāhi, upāsikānaṃ, upāsikāyo	lay devotee
upāsakasuttaṃ (upāsaka + suttaṃ)	lay devotee sutta (lay devotee + sutta)
upasamaṃ, upasamāya	appeases, appeased, appeasement [Arahant]
upasampajja, upasampadāya, upasampādesi	acquiring, obtaining [higher] ordination, having appeased
upasaṅkamati, upasaṅkamante, upasaṅkamitu, upasaṅkamitvā, upasaṅkamitukāmo (upasaṅkamitu + kāmo)	approaching, having approached, desirous of approaching (approaching + desirous)
upasantasantacittassa (upasanta + santa + cittassa)	appeased and peaceful mind (calmed + peaceful + with mind) [Arahant]
upasantassa	calmed [Arahant]
*upaseno,* upasenassa, upasenasuttaṃ	Upasena Vaṅgantaputta Thera (THAG V577-V586), Upasena Son of Vaṅganta, younger brother of Sāriputta Thera
upāti	refers to upātidhāvantisuttaṃ
upātidhāvanti	running on
upātidhāvantisuttaṃ (upātidhāvanti + suttaṃ)	running on sutta (running on + sutta)
upaṭṭhāko, upaṭṭhānaṃ, upaṭṭhākaṃ	attendant, attended
upaṭṭhānasālāyaṃ	attendance hall, assembly hall
upaṭṭhānasārā	attending on
upaṭṭhitā, upaṭṭhapeti, upaṭṭhāpeti, upaṭṭhapetvā (see patiṭṭhitā)	established, having established
*upavattane*	Upavattana-Sālavana
upavijaññā	nearing child-birth
upeccapi, upeti	arrived, approached
uposathaṃ, uposathañca, uposatho, uposathasuttaṃ	Buddhist day for practice and meditation
uppajjantisuttaṃ (uppajjanti + suttaṃ)	arising sutta (arising + sutta)
uppannaṃ, uppādāya, uppajjati, uppajjanti, uppajji, uppādetukāmo (uppādetu + kāmo), uppatitvāpi	arisen, arising, arise, take it up, desirous of arising (arising + desirous)
uppilāvā, uppilāve	elated, buoyant
*uruvelāyaṃ*	Uruveḷa village near Gayā, this is where Lord Buddha attained full enlightenment
ussahasi	energetic endeavor
ussaṅkī	distrusting
ussāreti	throws-up [on shore]
ussukkaṃ	eager
utenasuttaṃ (utena + suttaṃ)	Udena sutta (Udena + sutta)
*utenoti*, udenassa, utenassa	Udena, King of Vatsa Janapada, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
utrāsī	alarmed
uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ (uttama + damatha + samathaṃ + anuppattaṃ)	best self-control concentration reached (best + self-control + concentration + reached) [Lord Buddha]
uttānīkaronti (uttānī + karonti), uttānīkarissanti	opening-up (evident + making)
uttarāsaṅgaṃ	upper robe
uttariṃ, uttari, uttarāya, uttaresu	further, higher, after, more
uṭṭhānasaññaṃ (uṭṭhāna + saññaṃ)	decided when to get-up (get-up + perception)
uṭṭhāyāsanā (uṭṭhāya + āsanā)	rising up from seat (rising up + seat)
uṭṭhehi	rise, rising up, rose, rising [early]
uttiṇṇassa	cross-over
uyyānabhūmiṃ (uyyāna + bhūmiṃ)	garden land (garden + land)
uyyānagatassa (uyyāna + gatassa)	gone to garden (garden + gone to)
uyyojesi	dismissed
va	like, as
vā	or
vācā, vācāhi, vacanā, vacanena, vācāya,	word, verbally, words, word too (word + too), speech
vācāgocarabhāṇino (vācā + gocara + bhāṇino)	taking refuge in speech (speech + refuge + talkers)
vaccha, vacchassa	live, living, having lived, have lived
vaccho	male-calf
vaḍḍhenti	increase, growth
vadehi, vadeti, vadetha, vadeyya, vadeyyāma, vadamānaṃ	say, having said
vadho, vadhāyamānarūpā	assassin, assassinated by
vaggamidaṃ (vaggaṃ + idaṃ)	this section (section + this)
vaggamidaṭṭhakaṃ (vaggaṃ + idaṃ + aṭṭhakaṃ)	eight of this section (section + this + eight)
vaggānamuddānaṃ (vaggānam + uddānaṃ)	sections of the inspired utterances (sections + inspired utterance)
*vaggumudā*, vaggumudāya, vaggumudātīriyā, vaggumudātīriye, vaggumudātīriyānaṃ	Vaggumudā river, on the bank of Vaggumudā (Vaggumudā + bank)
vāheti	carries
vajjamapassamānā (vajjaṃ + a + passamānā)	not seeing blamable (blamable + not + seeing)
vajjesu	blamable
*vajjī,* vajjīsu, vajjīnaṃ	Vajjian Federation, one of the Sixteen Janapadā (Republics)
vākyaṃ	words
vāladhiṃ, vāladhi	tail-end
vandāhi, vandati, vandatī, vandāpesi	homage, paid homage
*vaṅgantaputto* (vaṅganta + putto), vaṅgantaputtassa	Upasena Vaṅgantaputta Thera (THAG V577-V586), son of Vaṅganta (Vaṅganta + son), younger brother of Sāriputta Thera
vāṇijaṃ	merchants
vaṇiṃ, vaṇī, vāṇiṃ	wounding, bruising
vaṇippatho (vaṇi + p + patho)	trade town (trade + route)
vaṇṇā, vaṇṇena	respect, color, beauty, class, describe
vaṇṇasaṃvattanikaṃ (vaṇṇa + saṃ + vattanikaṃ)	conducive to class (class + fully + conducive)
vantadosaṃ (vanta + dosaṃ)	having vomited hatred (vomited + hatred)
vapayanti	disappear
vāpi (va + api) (vā + api)	or else (or + else), is like (like + is)
varabodhi (vara + bodhi)	highest enlightenment (highest + enlightenment)
vasalavādo, vasalavādena	calling others untouchables
vasaṃ	control, living, dwelling
vāsaṃ, vasatī	living, dwelling
vassaṃ, vassāni, vassānaṃ, vassasatāni (vassa + satāni), vassasahassāni (vassa + sahassāni), vassasatasahassāni (vassa + sata + sahassāni)	years literally rains, hundred years (years + hundred), thousand years (years + thousand), hundred thousand years (years + hundred + thousand)
vassaṃvutthassa (vassaṃ + vutthassa), vassaṃvuṭṭhassa	rains retreat (rains + dwelling)
vassosi	one rains
vassūpagato (vassa + ūpagato), vassūpagate	entering rains retreat (rains + entering)
vata	verily, surely
vatamhā (vata + amhā)	verily we (surely + we)
vatidaṃ (vata + idaṃ)	verily this (surely + this)
vaṭṭaṃ	whirling, turning
vattati, vattatī, vattanti	exist
vatthabba	should dwell
vatthaṃ, vatthāni	clothes, clothing
vatthukatā	grounded
vatthuṃ, vatthu, vatthūni	causes
vatvā	having said
vāyameyya	effort
vāyo	age
ve	certainly
vedagū, vedaguno, vedantagū	reached end of knowledge [Arahant] literally beyond the Vedā
vedanaṃ, vedanā, vedanāhi	feelings, felt
vedanānirodho (vedanā + nirodho), vedanānirodhā	cessation of feelings (feelings + cessation)
vedanāpaccayā (vedanā + paccayā)	because of feelings (feelings + because of)
vedhatī	trembling
vedhī	pierce
veditabbaṃ, veditabbo, veditabbā	should be known
vehāsaṃ	sky
velaṃ	limit, dam
velāyaṃ	at that time
veḷuriyo	lapis lazuli
*veḷuvane*	Bamboo Forest
veraṃ, verī, verinaṃ	enmity, enemy
*verocanamhi*	Verocana, sun, also a Buddha in Mahāyāna
*vesāliṃ*, vesālī, vesāliyaṃ	Vesāli, capital of Vajjian Federation
vesārajjappatto (vesārajja + p + patto)	reached fearlessness (confidence + reached) [Arahant]
*vessā*	Vessa, third in the Indian four-class hierarchy OR courtesan
vibbhantacittā, vibbhantacitte	scattered mind (confused + mind)
vibhajanti, vibhajissanti	divides, classifies
vibhavaṃ (vi + bhavaṃ), vibhavena	not becoming (not + becoming)
vicaratī	walking
vicinathā, vicinitvā	search, having searched
viddhaṃ vigatavalāhakaṃ devaṃ	clear sky without a cloud
vidhūpitā, vidhūpayaṃ	scattered
viditadhammo (vidita + dhammo)	known Dhamma (known + Dhamma) [Arahant]
vidito, vidū, vidvā, viditvā	known, knower, having known
vigatabhayaṃ (vigata + bhayaṃ)	fearless (gone + fear) [Arahant]
vigatakathaṃkatho (vigata + kathaṃkatho)	departed uncertainty (departed + uncertainty) [Arahant]
vigatavalāhakaṃ (vigata + valāhakaṃ)	without cloud (fully gone + cloud)
vigatavalāhake (vigata + valāhakaṃ)	without a cloud (gone + cloud)
viggayha	quarreling
vihacca	destroying
vihaññanti (vi + haññanti), vihaññamānaṃ	so oppressing (so + oppressing)
vihāraṃ, vihāre, vihārena	monastic dwelling
viharante, viharāmi, viharāmī, viharati, viharatī, viharanti, viharantī, viharissati, vihareyya, viharitvā, viharanto, viharataṃ, viharantā, viharantassa, vihāsiṃ, vihāsi	dwelling, dwell, dwelt, will dwell
vihesanti, vihesantī, vihesesi, vihesenti	harass
vihiṃsati	violence
vihiṃsāvitakko (vihiṃsā + vitakko), vihiṃsāvitakkena	thought of violence (violence + thought)
vijātaṃ, vijāyi, vijātā, vijātāya, vijāyatū, vijāyissatī	bearing [child], borne [giving birth]
vijitasaṅgāmo (vijita + saṅgāmo)	battle-winner (won + battle) [Arahant]
vijjā	knowledges
vijjati, vijjatī, vijjamāne	seen
vikiṇṇavācā (vikiṇṇa + vācā), vikiṇṇavāce	loose talkers (selling + talk)
vikkhīṇo (vi + k + khīṇo)	fully ended (fully + ended)
vimalena (vi + malena)	unsoiled (not + soiled)
vimuttacittaṃ (vi + mutta + cittaṃ)	fully-freed mind (well + freed + mind)
vimuttaṃ (vi + muttaṃ), vimutto, vimucci	fully freed (fully + free)
vimuttikathā (vimutti + kathā)	talk on full-freedom (full-freedom + talk)
vimuttiñāṇadassanakathā (vimutti + ñāṇa + dassana + kathā)	talk on knowledge and vision of full-freedom (freedom + knowledge + vision + talk)
vimuttiraso (vimutti + raso)	taste of full-freedom (full-freedom + taste)
vimuttisukhaṃ (vimutti + sukhaṃ)	happiness of full-freedom (full-freedom + happiness)
vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī (vimutti + sukha + paṭisaṃvedī)	experiencing happiness of full-freedom (full-freedom + happiness + experiencing) [Arahant]
vināti	weaving
vinayo	discipline, expelled
vinipātaṃ	lower realm
vinītā	trained [Arahant]
vinīvaraṇacittaṃ (vi + nīvaraṇa + cittaṃ)	fully unhindered mind (fully + unhindered + mind)
viniveṭhetvā	having unwrapped
viññāṇaṃ	consciousness
viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ (viññāṇaṃ + ca + āyatanaṃ)	realm of infinite consciousness too (consciousness + too + realm)
viññāṇanirodho (viññāṇa + nirodho), viññāṇanirodhā	cessation of consciousness (consciousness + cessation)
viññāṇapaccayā (viññāṇa + paccayā)	because of consciousness (consciousness + because of)
viññātamattaṃ (viññāta + mattaṃ)	only cognized (cognized + only)
viññāte, viññātu, viññāpaniyā	to be instructed
vipākāvasesena (vipāka + avasesena)	remainder of result (result + remainder)
vipākena	by result
vipariṇāmadhammā (vipariṇāma + dhammā)	changing nature (changing + nature) OR subject to change phenomenon (change + subject to + phenomenon)
vippakāraṃ (vi + p + pakāraṃ)	improper behavior (incorrect + method)
vippakatā (vi + p + pakatā)	going on, left unfinished (not + made)
vippamokkhamāhaṃsu (vi + p + pamokkham + āhaṃsu)	said to be fully-freed (fully + freed + said to be)
vippamutto (vi + p + pamutto)	fully freed (fully + freed) [Arahant]
vippasannā (vi + p + pasannā), vippasannaṃ, vippasannassa	very calm (very + happy)
vippaṭisāraṃ (vi + p + paṭisāraṃ), vippaṭisāro	remorse, remorseful (bad + conscience)
vipphālesu (vi + p + phālesu), vipphālesuṃ, vipphālitāya	torn (fully + burst)
vipulaṃ	much
virāgatā, virāgāya	lustless, dispassion
virajaṃ (vi + rajaṃ), virajā	dustless (without + dust) [Nibbāna] [Arahant]
virattaṃ	dispassionate [Arahant]
virecamāno, viriccamāno	purging
viriñcamāno	neglecting, emptying
vīriyārambhakathā (vīriya + ārambha + kathā)	talk on energy (energy + beginning + this)
visajja	leaving
*visākhaṃ*, visākhā, visākhe, visākhāya	Visākhā, Chief Female Lay Disciple, Lunar Mansion, many branched
visākhāsuttaṃ (visākhā + suttaṃ)	Visākhā sutta (Visākhā + sutta)
visamānīva	dangers, uneven
visaṅkhāragataṃ (visaṅkhāra + gataṃ)	free of formations (no formations + gone) [Arahant]
visaṅkhataṃ (vi + saṅkhataṃ)	destroyed (un + formed)
visāradā, visāradappattā (visārada + p + pattā)	expert, reached expertise (expertise + reached) [Arahant]
vīsati	twenty
visattika	clinging
visesaṃ	special
visīdanti	sinks
vissando, vissandanto	overflow, filled to the brim
vissaṭṭhāya	trust
visuddhena (vi + suddhena), visuddhāya	purified (fully + clean)
visukkhā (vi + sukkhā)	fully dried (fully + dried)
vitakkoti, vitakkā, vitakke, vitakkehi	thought
vitakkupacchedāya (vitakka + upacchedāya)	cutting-off thoughts (thoughts + cutting-off)
vītalobho (vīta + lobho)	greedless (without + greed) [Arahant]
vītamalaṃ (vīta + malaṃ)	unsoiled (without + impurities) [Arahant]
vītasokā (vīta + sokā)	sorrowless (without + sorrow) [Arahant]
vītināmetvā	having spent the time
vītisāretvā Sanskrit: vītisārayati or vyatisārayati	having mutually conversed
vītivatto (vīti + vatto)	having overcome (very + overcoming)
vitthārikaṃ	permeates, extended, diffused
vitudantā	striking
vivadanti	disputing
vivādāpannā (vivāda + āpannā)	fallen into disputations (disputations + entered upon)
vivaranti, vivaretha, vivarissanti, vivareyya	uncover, open up
vivaṭaṃ	uncovered
viveko	detachment
viya	like, as
viyattā	accomplished [Arahant]
vo, vutte, vutto, vuttā	said
vodiṭṭhā	fully known, recognized
volokesi, volokento	surveying, examining
voropito, voropesi, voropessatī, voropetvā	to deprive of, deprived, will deprive
vūpakaṭṭho, vūpakaṭṭhā	removed, distant, remote
vūpasamiṃsu (va + upasamiṃsu)	and is appeased (and + appeased)
vūsitabrahmacariyo (vūsita + brahmacariyo)	has lived the holy-life (perfected + farer of holy-life) [Arahant]
vussati, vusitaṃ	lived
vuttānī	spent
vuṭṭhito, vuṭṭhāsi, vuṭṭhitassa, vuṭṭhahitvā	emerged, arisen, recovered, having arisen
yā	whatever
yāci	asking, asked
yadā	when, whenever
yadabhinandati (yada + abhinandati)	pleased with whatever (whatever + pleased)
yadeko (yada + eko)	when one (when + one)
yadeva (yada + eva)	[who, what, which] + [so, even, just, like]
yadi	if
yadidaṃ (yad + idaṃ)	namely
yakkhaṃ, yakkhampi, yakkho, yakkhā, yakkhassa, yakkhena	Untranslated
yakkhapahārasuttaṃ (yakkha + pahāra + suttaṃ)	yakkha blow sutta (yakkha + blow + sutta)
yaṃ, yampi	this, whatever
yāmaṃ, yāmo, yāme	watch
yamhi	in which
yaṃnūnāhaṃ, yaṃnūnāhampi	why don’t I, what if I
yaṃsa (yaṃ + sa)	this he (this + he)
*yamunā*	Yamunā river
yañca (yaṃ + ca)	and [which, whatever, because of]
yañcidaṃ (yaṃ + ca + idaṃ)	and [which, whatever, because of] here
yānīkatā	acquired, mastered, made a habit of
yaññadeva	whatever
yāpanīyaṃ	maintenance
yasasā	reputed, reputation
yasasaṃvattanikaṃ (yasa + saṃ + vattanikaṃ)	conducive to reputation (reputation + fully + conducive)
yasmā (feminine)	whatever, because of which
yasmiṃ	in which
yasojappamukhāni (yasoja + p + pamukhāni)	headed by Yasoja (Yasoja + as chief)
*yasojo*, yasojassa, yasojasuttaṃ	Yasoja Thera (THAG V243-V245), Reputed
yassa (masculine)	whose [who]
yassadāni (yassa + idāni)	whatever here (whatever + here)
yassaṃ	whose
yassantarato (yassa + antarato)	whose inner self (whose + inner self)
yassatthāya (yassa + atthāya)	reason for which (for what + goal)
yassāyaṃ	of which
yassevaṃ (yassa + evaṃ)	whoever (who + thus)
yassussadā (yassa + ussadā)	who has swellings (whose + swellings)
yatatto	steadfast [Arahant]
yathā, yathāpi	as, as if, like
yathābhirantaṃ (yathā + abhirantaṃ)	as much as well-delighting (as much as + well-delighting)
yathābhūtaṃ (yathā + bhūtaṃ)	as it is (as + it is)
yathādhippāyaṃ (yathā + adhippāyaṃ)	as much as wish (as much as + meaning/thinking)
yathānikkhittaṃ (yathā + nikkhittaṃ)	as much as put down (as much as + placed)
yatindriyaṃ (yata + indriyaṃ), yatindriyo	with controlled faculties (controlled + faculties) [Arahant]
yato	from what, from whom, inasmuch as, since, because, from the time when
yatra	since
yattha	where, wherever
yatthidaṃ (yattha + idaṃ)	wherever here (wherever + here)
yāva	until, while, in, up to
yāvadatthaṃ (yāvada + atthaṃ)	as much as required (as much as + required)
yāvajīvaṃ (yāva + jīvaṃ)	as long as life lasts (as long as + life lasts)
yāvatā, yāvatakā, yāvatikā, yāvakīvañca (yāvaka + evaṃ + ca)	as far as, like as, in comparison with, regarding, because, as many as
yāvicchanti (yāva + icchanti)	[until/while/as long as/in order that] wishes
yāyaṃ (feminine), yāya (feminine)	in [who, what, which]
ye	whether, those
yebhuyyena	numerous, frequent, preponderance
yehi	with, by, who, what, which
yena	because of which, which, whichever
yenāhaṃ (yena + ahaṃ)	because of which I
yenajja (yena + ajja)	today by which (by which + today)
yenāvasathāgāraṃ (yena + āvasathāgāraṃ)	where dwelling place (where + dwelling place)
yenāyasmā (yena + āyasmā)	where venerable (where + venerable)
yenupaṭṭhānasālā (yena + upaṭṭhānasālā)	where attendance hall (where + assembly hall)
yesaṃ	to/of [who, what, which]
yeva	even, just, also
yo	he, one who
yogā	bonds
yogakhemā (yoga + khemā)	refuge from bonds (bonds + refuge) [Nibbāna]
yogakhemakāmā (yoga + khema + kāmā)	desirous of refuge from bonds (bonds + refuge + desirous) [Arahant]
yojanasatikāpi (yojana + satika + api)	hundred yojanā too (yojana + hundred + too)
yūthā	herd, troupe

List of Books by Bhikkhu Mahinda (Anāgārika Mahendra)

1. Udānapāḷi – Book of Inspired Utterances

2. Itivuttakapāḷi – Book of This Was Said

3. Theragāthāpāḷi – Book of Verses of Elder Bhikkhus

4. Therīgāthāpāḷi – Book of Verses of Elder Bhikkhunis

5. Cariyāpiṭakapāḷi – Book of Basket of Conduct

6. Theravāda Buddhism and Vegetarianism: A Review and Study Guide

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[1] Pāḷi text of the Udānapāḷi and Udāna-Aṭṭhakathā (Commentary) is from “Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyanā Tipiṭaka 4.0.0.15 Electronic Edition” © 1995 Vipassana Research Institute. Source text of only Udānapāḷi is provided in this book. Pāḷi words in square brackets [] [BLUE in the online edition] are the alternate readings across various recensions as in the CST source. The following abbreviations are used to refer to different recensions of the Tipiṭaka:

a. sī. = Sri Lankan

b. syā. = Thai

c. pī. = Pāḷi Text Society

d. ka., kaṃ. = Cambodian

Translations in the endnotes and appendices are from the sources as indicated.

[2] This sutta along with the verse appears in CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā with differences in language (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera) and one very significant difference being in the Vinaya, where it is said to be “paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomapaṭilomaṃ manasākāsi” (forward and backward order) rather than “paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomaṃ sādhukaṃ manasākāsi” (forward order) as given here. V1 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Kathāvatthupāḷi. Suttā 1-3 are based on the same theme and template. The reflections in these three suttā represent dependent origination. See “Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment” for an account of the enlightenment. This sutta would be in the first week after enlightenment.

The bodhi in the Paṭhamabodhisuttaṃ can refer to Enlightenment as well as the Bodhi Tree. However, becoming rightly self-enlightened is a far more momentous event than indicating the place where the sutta was preached. The fact that there is now a rightly self-enlightened Blessed One, one who can turn the wheel of Dhamma, one who can point out the path of liberation to a multitude of beings including devā, is the one I have chosen to indicate in the translation.

[3] This sutta along with the verse is in CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā with differences in language (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera), elisions, and one very significant difference being in the Vinaya, where it is said to be “paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomapaṭilomaṃ manasākāsi” (forward and backward order) rather than “paṭiccasamuppādaṃ paṭilomaṃ sādhukaṃ manasākāsi” (backward order) as given here. V2 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Kathāvatthupāḷi. Suttā 1-3 are based on the same theme and template. The reflections in these three suttā represent dependent origination. See “Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment” for an account of the enlightenment. This sutta would be in the first week after enlightenment. As to bodhi in the Dutiyabodhisuttaṃ, please see endnote on 1 First Enlightenment Sutta.

[4] This sutta along with the verse also appears in CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā with differences in language (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera) and elisions. V3 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Kathāvatthupāḷi. Suttā 1-3 are based on the same theme and template. The reflections in these three suttā represent dependent origination. See “Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment” for an account of the enlightenment. This sutta would be in the first week after enlightenment. As to bodhi in the Tatiyabodhisuttaṃ, please see endnote on 1 First Enlightenment Sutta. While all translations I consulted (UD-I, UD-T, UD-A) render asesavirāganirodhā as “remainderless fading and cessation”, I have opted for a more literal translation.

[5] This sutta along with the verse appears in CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-2 Ajapālakathā with differences in language (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera) and elisions. The Vinaya version adds that Lord Buddha moved from Bodhi Tree to the Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree so this sutta would fall into the fifth week after enlightenment – see “Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment”. V4 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. While all translations I consulted (UD-I, UD-T, UD-A) render huṃhuṅka as haughty or overbearing, I have opted for conceited. Huṃ means I and huṃkār means one who says “I, I”.

[6] Commentary explains the swellings (ussadā) as five-fold: of lust (rāgussado), hate (dosussado), delusion (mohussado), conceit (mānussado), and views (diṭṭhussado). This is identical to the five attachments explained by Commentary on THAG V15. Thus, instead of translating ussadā as arrogance (as in UD-A) or pride (as in UD-T), I translate it as swellings to cover all types of swellings/attachments (like UD-I does).

[7] This sutta is unique to this book. V5 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” about the therā mentioned in this sutta.

[8] This sutta is unique to this book. According to commentary, this sutta is a continuation of the CDB 46.14 Ill (1) Sutta, which states how Lord Buddha helped Venerable Mahākassapa recover from his illness. V6 is also at CST Cūḷaniddesapāḷi. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” about Mahākassapa Thera.

[9] Commentary explains that these five-hundred devatā were in reality the five-hundred dove-footed Apsarā who attended on Sakka (the five-hundred devatā mentioned in 27 Inspired Utterance of Sakka Sutta) and they were encouraged by Sakka to go donate to the Venerable Mahākassapa. They went and begged to donate but Venerable Mahākassapa had intended to give a chance to make merits to the poor, miserable, weavers so he told them that he accepted their donation and sent them back. They then arose in the deva world.

[10] Here, aññātaṃ in anaññaposimaññātaṃ can mean both unknown as well as one who knows (inspiration from the name of Aññāsi Koṇḍañña Thera). Both UD-I and UD-T translate it as unknown while UD-A translates it as well-known. I translate it as one who knows. On taints, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[11] This sutta is unique to this book. V7 is also at CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi.

DPPN: Ajakalāpaka Yakkha tried to frighten the Buddha, but later became his disciple. When he returned from a certain yakkha assembly he found the Buddha seated on his couch, as had already been told to him in the assembly by Satāgira and Hemavata. In anger he tried in various ways to cast out the Buddha, but failed in his efforts and ended by becoming his disciple.

[12] This sutta is unique to this book. V8 is also at CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi.

DPPN: He was the son of a multi-millionaire of Bārāṇasī. When he came of age, his parents married him and he had a son. One day he joined a party of people going to Jetavana, and, at the conclusion of the Buddha’s discourse, asked the Buddha to ordain him. However, the Buddha wished him to have his parent’s leave. This he obtained only with the greatest difficulty and with the promise to visit them later. After ordination he lived in a forest grove, and soon afterwards attained Arahantship.

When he returned to Sāvatthi, after having paid homage to the Buddha, he spent the noonday under a tree. His parents, hearing of his arrival, went to see him. Their efforts to persuade him to return to lay life were too insistent, and he would not even speak to them. They returned discomfited and sent his wife and son to him. His wife appealed to him with various arguments, but he refused even to look at her. She then placed the child on his lap and went away. When she discovered that Saṅgāmaji would not even talk to his son, she took him away, saying that her husband was a useless man. The Buddha saw all this with his divine-eye and expressed his joy in verse.

Note: Saṅgāmaji Thera has no verses in THAG but his younger brother Posiya Thera (THAG V34) appears there.

[13] Commentary explains saṅgā as five attachments – see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[14] This sutta is unique to this book. V9 is also at CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. For a similar practice of a brāhmaṇa, see THIG V236-V251.

[15] On noble truths, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[16] This sutta is unique to this book. V10 first line is also the first line in CDB 1.27 Sara (Streams) Sutta V69. V10 and V11 are also at CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. It’s one of the most celebrated sutta in the entire Buddhist Teachings. This sutta illustrates the kind of instruction a fully prepared person needs to break thru to full enlightenment in a fraction of the time it takes to blink once! See “Appendix 4: The Cow of Killer Kammā”.

[17] Both UD-I and UD-T take this thought as a question while UD-A takes it as a statement. I follow UD-A here.

[18] On taints, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[19] When Lord Buddha calls Bāhiya Dārucīriya Thera “a co-farer of the holy-life”, that means he calls him a Bhikkhu and even though Venerable Bāhiya Dārucīriya was never officially ordained, he is now ordained posthumously.

[20] The first line of this verse appears in CDB 1.27 Streams Sutta V69 and LDB 11 Kevaddha Sutta (in a Q&A format). Both verses (broken differently and with addition of an extra line) appear in APA too. I translate sukkā as Venus here but it could also be translated as stars. All other translations do translate it as stars.

[21] This sutta along with the verses is at CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-3 Mucalindakathā with differences in language (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera). In the CST Vinaya, it is said that Lord Buddha moved from Ajapāla Nigrodha Tree to Mucalinda Tree. This sutta would be in the sixth week after enlightenment – see “Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment”.

[22] This sutta is unique to this book. Verse also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. Suttā 12, 28, and 29 are based on the same template. In this book, I translate “Pasenadi Kosalo” as “Pasenadi Kosala” and not as “Pasenadi of Kosala”. King Pasenadi Kosala’s father was named Mahā Kosala (Great Kosala) so Kosala was either a part of the name or a title, rather than a designation of where he was from.

[23] This sutta is unique to this book. V15-V16 = CST DHP V131-V132, also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi.

[24] This sutta is unique to this book.

[25] All translations differ for this difficult verse.

[26] This sutta is unique to this book. Commentary quotes CST DHP V62 in support of V18.

[27] This sutta is unique to this book.

[28] This sutta is unique to this book.

[29] I am reading and translating piyarūpassātagadhitāse in the first line. Commentary quotes Sn-B V769 to describe dear and agreeable.

[30] This sutta is unique to this book. On Sāriputta Thera and Mahāmoggallāna Thera, see “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism”.

DPPN: Suppavāsā was mother of Sīvalī Thera. Before he was born, she lay for seven days in labor suffering great pain, and it was not until the Buddha blessed her that she was able to bring forth the child. It is said that the child was seven years in her womb, and the reason for this is given in the Asātarūpa Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-100).

Suppavāsā was the daughter of the rājā of Koliya. Her husband was the Licchavi Mahāli (alternatively a Sakyan noble) and she lived in the Koliyan village of Sajjanela, where the Buddha visited her and taught her the efficacy of giving food (NDB 4.57). She was described by the Buddha as foremost among those who gave excellent alms (aggaṃ panītadāyikānaṃ, NDB 1.263), an eminence which she had earnestly resolved to attain in the time of Padumuttara Buddha.

Her son, Venerable Sīvalī Thera, is described as “foremost among those who make gains” in NDB 1.207.

[31] Commentary describes the unborn child as “uddhaṃpādo adhosiro” (feet-up head-down = feet-first head-last) i.e. a breech baby. I am just using the general term obstructed labor to signify that the baby was obstructed from being born.

[32] Commentary explains the meaning of Tathāgata in eight ways: (1) thus come (tathā āgatoti tathāgato), (2) thus gone (tathā gatoti tathāgato), (3) has received/understood all characteristics/marks (tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato), (4) fully self-enlightened in all dhammā (tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato), (5) thus seeing (tathadassitāya tathāgato), (6) thus speaking (tathavāditāya tathāgato = yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī; see ITI 112 Loka Sutta), (7) thus doing (tathākāritāya tathāgato = yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī; see ITI 112 Loka Sutta), and (8) for developing the highest state (abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato).

Commentary also explains the meaning of Tathāgata by an additional set of eight ways.

[33] This sutta began with the three thoughts of Suppavāsā the Koliyan daughter about the suffering and how to abandon it. Lord Buddha asked her whether she would like to have one more son like Sīvalī Thera and she is ready to have seven more sons like him (= suffering x seven)! Such is the way of the world.

[34] This sutta is unique to this book. Note 1 on this sutta in UD-T states that “According to the Commentary, Visākhā was actually Migāra’s daughter, but because she introduced him to the Dhamma, she gained the epithet of being his mother”. Perhaps that is according to the Thai Commentary. According to the Sri Lankan and Burmese Commentaries, this appears to be incorrect – her father was Dhanañjaya, son of Meṇḍaka, and her mother was Sumanadevī. Migāra was her father-in-law, whom she brought to Dhamma. See “Appendix 5: Visākhā Migāramātā” and “Appendix 12: Queen Mallikā and King Pasenadi Kosala”.

[35] On bonds, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[36] This sutta is also at CST Vinaya-Cūḷavaggapāḷi-7 Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ-Chasakyapabbajjākathā with differences in language (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera) and much elision. See “Appendix 6: Bhaddiya Kāḷigodhāputta”. Commentary on NDB 1.231 narrates the same incident as here in relation to Venerable Mahākappina. Lord Buddha uttered CST DHP V79 in this connection and also assigned the title of “foremost among those who exhort bhikkhus” to Venerable Mahākappina.

[37] Commentary quotes Sn-B V39 in support of what it means to be a free deer.

[38] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 21, 24, 25, 36, 37, 40, 47, 50, 57, 66, and 68 have identical location setting (Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest in Sāvatthi), and are identical in terms of how the Venerable Ones are meditating with usually only the object of meditation or contemplation being different, and how Lord Buddha observes it and praises it. This sutta is the only outlier wherein the bhikkhu is experiencing extremely painful feelings as a result of the past kammā.

[39] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 7: Nanda Thera” on Nanda Thera as well as Janapadakalyāṇī.

[40] While all translators translate āvuso as plural (friends) here and several other places, I translate it as friend. I don’t think Venerable Nanda addressed a gathering where he would use the plural. He probably told each bhikkhu in private how he felt.

[41] I take Janapadakalyāṇī as a proper name or title. Commentary explains a Janapadakalyāṇī as a beautiful woman without six bodily faults (not too long, not too short, not too thin, not too fat, not too dark, not too pale) and has five characteristics of beauty (good looking; has healthy, red skin; has good finger-nails and toe-nails; has full set of thirty-two good teeth; and looks like a sixteen-year old girl).

[42] “bhagavati brahmacariye” can also be translated as “the blessed holy-life”.

[43] On higher knowledges and taints, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[44] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 8: Yasoja Thera”. I have translated both “vaggumudāya nadiyā tīre” and “vaggumudātīriye” as Vaggumudā riverbank. Commentary provides a detailed history of Venerable Yasoja and his band of five hundred as follows: In the time of Lord Kassapa Buddha, Yasoja and his band of five hundred were a group of thieves. They undertook five precepts under a bhikkhu and dwelt committed to it. They were caught and killed but they didn’t rouse a mind of hatred towards their killers. They went on to becoming devā and in the time of our Lord Gotama Buddha, the leader was born as Yasoja and the five hundred as his playmates in a village of fishermen near Sāvatthi. They all went forth together and attained liberation together too.

This is the reason why Lord Buddha calls them “fishermen at the fish-market”.

[45] On three knowledges, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[46] Nandimukhī is translated as “night is drawing to a close” (UD-I), “night has a joyful appearance” (UD-A), and “face of the night is beaming” (UD-T). In NDB 8.20 Uposatha Sutta, it’s translated as “rosy tint has appeared on the horizon”. I simply translate it as dawn. I think nandimukhī means that the faces (mukhī) of the bulls (nandi) and cows start becoming visible. In that sense, nandimukhī is similar to godhūli in Sanskrit which describes the dusk time when you can see the dirt cloud of the returning herd.

[47] This sutta is unique to this book. V28 = THAG V651 = THAG V999. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Sāriputta Thera.

Suttā 21, 24, 25, 36, 37, 40, 47, 50, 57, 66, and 68 have identical location setting (Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, Jeta’s Forest in Sāvatthi), and are identical in terms of how the Venerable Ones are meditating with usually only the object of meditation or contemplation being different, and how Lord Buddha observes it and praises it. The only outlier here is 21 Kamma Results Sutta wherein the bhikkhu is experiencing extremely painful feelings as a result of the past kammā.

[48] This sutta is unique to this book. V29 is also at CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Mahāmoggallāna Thera.

[49] This sutta is unique to this book. The first 3 padā of V30 are also at Sn-B V469 (which incidentally has five padā, rather than 4 padā as here). See “Appendix 9: Pilindavaccha Thera”.

[50] This sutta is unique to this book. This sutta is most likely a continuation of the 6 Mahākassapa Sutta. V31 = V32 except last line is different.

[51] According to Commentary, this concentration was the cessation of perception and feelings.

[52] Commentary states that these five-hundred devatā were once upon a time dove-footed Apsarā who attended on Sakka (the five hundred devatā mentioned in 6 Mahākassapa Sutta). Having given donation to Venerable Mahākassapa, they were reborn as devatā. Realizing this, they desired to give again.

[53] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 12, 28, and 29 are based on the same template. V31 = V32 except last line is different.

[54] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 12, 28, and 29 are based on the same template. Here I translate sippa as “arts and crafts”, since it can mean both.

[55] UD-I translates muddāsippaṃ = communicating by gestures and saṅkhānasippaṃ = mathematics.

UD-A translates muddāsippaṃ = finger calculation craft, gaṇanāsippaṃ = Abacus craft, saṅkhānasippaṃ = accountancy craft, and lokāyatasippaṃ = natural philosophy craft.

UD-T translates muddāsippaṃ = signaling, gaṇanāsippaṃ = calculating, saṅkhānasippaṃ = accounting, kāveyyasippaṃ = literary composition, lokāyatasippaṃ = cosmology, and khattavijjāsippaṃ = geomancy.

I translate muddā as Seal (so Seal Making craft) taking into account the fact that one of the foremost Sanskrit drama in India is titled Mudrarakshasa where Mudra = Muddā = Seal.

[56] UD-T has “having slain Māra” in the last line while not mentioning “abandoning conceit” anywhere so perhaps the Thai recension has “Hitvā māraṃ” rather than “Hitvā mānaṃ” in the last line of this verse.

[57] This sutta is unique to this book. V34 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. V35 is in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi but missing the last pada there while in CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi it’s in full. V36 and V37 are organized with different verse boundaries in both CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

This sutta would be in the first week after enlightenment – see “Appendix 2: Seven Weeks of Enlightenment”.

[58] There are five kinds of eyes: fleshly eyes, divine eyes (to see how beings arise and pass away according to their kammā), wisdom eyes, Buddha eyes, and Omni-seer eyes. See ITI 61 Cakkhu (Eyes) Sutta on the first three types of eyes.

[59] This paragraph is presented as verse in UD-A.

[60] This paragraph is presented as verse in UD-I, UD-T, and UD-A.

[61] This sutta is also at NDB 9.3 Meghiya Sutta. However, NDB 9.3 does not have the verses and does have elisions.

DPPN: Meghiya Thera belonged to a Sakyan family of Kapilavatthu, and having joined the Order, was for some time the personal attendant of the Buddha. Once, when the Buddha was staying with him at Cālikā (this was in the thirteenth year after the Enlightenment), Meghiya went to Jantugāma for alms, and, on his return, was much attracted by a mango grove on the banks of the river Kimikālā. He asked the Buddha’s permission to dwell there in meditation. Twice the Buddha refused, but, on his third request, let him go. There, however, Meghiya was consumed by evil thoughts and returned to the Buddha. The Buddha taught him on the five things which make the heart ripe for emancipation – good friends, virtuous life, profitable talks, zealous exertion, insight – and admonished him. Meghiya thereupon attained Arahantship; while Dhammapada Commentary says that at the end of the Buddha’s discourse Meghiya became a Stream-winner.

Ninety-one world-cycles ago, on the death of Vipassī Buddha, there was a great earthquake. The people were very frightened, but Vessavaṇa explained to them the reason for it and dispelled their fears. Meghiya was then a householder, and having thus heard of the Buddha’s qualities, was filled with joy. Fourteen world-cycles ago he was a king named Samita. He is evidently to be identified with Buddhasaññaka of the Apadāna.

[62] On Pātimokkha, see the endnote on 45 Uposatha Sutta.

[63] This paragraph here is more detailed compared to its counterpart in NDB 9.3 Meghiya Sutta.

[64] This sutta is unique to this book. The reason this sutta was preached is identical to the reasons given for the CDB 2.25 Jantu Sutta, CDB 9.13 Pākatindriya (Loose in Sense Faculties) Sutta, and CDB 51.14 Moggallāna Sutta. Both V40 and V41 are in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi, V40 with a difference.

Uddhatā can be translated as either conceited or restless (since it’s also related to uddhacca). Whether we translate uddhatā as conceited or restless, we have a problem. Both conceit and restlessness are among the five higher fetters (see ”Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”) so if you eradicate them, you become an arahant. However, the problem can be resolved if we translate uddhatā as restless and consider it to be one of the five hindrances (lust, ill-will, dullness and drowsiness, restlessness and remorse, and doubt) rather than the five higher fetters.

[65] Here, both micchādiṭṭhihatena (destroyed by wrong views) and micchādiṭṭhigatena (gone to wrong views) make good sense.

[66] On destinations, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[67] This sutta appears to be unique to this book. V42 = CST DHP V42. The full story is given in BL Volume 2, III.8 on CST DHP V42.

[68] This sutta appears to be unique to this book. It’s titled Juṇha (Moonlit Night) Sutta in UD-I, UD-A, and UD-T. V43 is in both CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Sāriputta Thera and Mahāmoggallāna Thera. Also see CDB 21.3 for another conversation between these two great Nāgā.

[69] For a set of quite similar verses in the Q&A format, see THAG V191-V192.

[70] The reflections given here are quite identical to the reflections given in the NDB 9.40 Nāga (Bull Elephant) Sutta. This sutta, including the verse with one difference, also appears at CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-10 Kosambakakkhandhako-275 Pālileyyakagamanakathā with significant differences in the prose (because Vinaya was recited by Upāli Thera).

[71] This sutta is unique to this book. V45 = CST DHP V185 = also at LDB 14.3.28 Mahāpadāna Sutta. See “Appendix 10: Piṇḍolabhāradvāja Thera”. On the austerities mentioned in this sutta, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[72] On Pātimokkha, see the endnote on 45 Uposatha Sutta.

[73] This sutta is unique to this book. V46 = THAG V68 = CST Vinaya-Pācitiyyā-153 Atthaṅgata Sikkhāpada. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Sāriputta Thera.

[74] This sutta is unique to this book. V47-V48 = CST DHP V306 = Sn-B V661 = ITI 48 Āpāyika (Destined for State of Woe) Sutta V92. See “Appendix 12: Queen Mallikā and King Pasenadi Kosala”.

DPPN: Sundarī or Sundarikā was a female wanderer (paribbājikā). She listened to the persuasions of her colleagues, the heretics, and would be seen in the evenings going towards Jetavana with garlands, perfumes, fruits, etc. When asked where she was going, she would reply that she was going to spend the night in the Buddha’s cell. She would then spend it in a neighboring monastery of the Paribbājakā and be seen again early in the morning coming from the direction of Jetavana. After some days, the heretics hired some villains to kill Sundarī and hide her body under a heap of rubbish near Jetavana. Then they raised a hue and cry and reported to the king that Sundarī was missing. A search was made, and her body was found near the Gandhakuṭi of the Buddha. Placing the body on a litter, they went about the streets of the city crying: “Behold the deeds of the Sakyan monks!” As a result, the monks were subjected to great insults in the streets. For seven days the Buddha stayed in the Gandhakuṭi, not going to the city for alms, and Ānanda even suggested that they should go to another city.

However, the Buddha pointed out to him the absurdity of running away from a false report, and said that in seven days the truth would be known. The king employed spies, who found the murderers quarrelling among themselves after strong drink. They were seized and brought before the king, where they confessed their crime. The king sent for the heretics and compelled them to retract their accusations against the Buddha and his monks and to confess their own wickedness. They were then punished for murder.

It is said that once the Bodhisatta was a rascal named Munāḷi. One day he saw Surabhi, a Pacceka Buddha, putting on his outer robe just outside the city. Nearby a woman was walking, and Munāḷi said in jest, “Look, this recluse is no celibate, but a rake.” It was this utterance of the Bodhisatta that brought to the Buddha, as retribution, the disgrace in connection with Sundarī.

The Duṭṭhaṭṭhaka (Octad on the Hostile) Sutta [Sn-B V780-V787] and the Maṇisūkara Jātaka (CST Jātakapāḷi-285) were taught in this connection.

[75] UD-I translates abhūtavādī in line 1 of V47 and V48 as false accuser, UD-A translates it as “what is untrue”, while UD-T translates it as “one who asserts what didn’t take place”.

[76] This sutta is unique to this book. V51 = Sn-B V746. See “Appendix 11: Upasena Vaṅgantaputta Thera”.

[77] On taints, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[78] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Sāriputta Thera.

[79] This sutta is also at CDB 3.8 Mallikā Sutta, including the verse, with minor differences in prose. V53 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. See “Appendix 12: Queen Mallikā and King Pasenadi Kosala”. This sutta is named “King Sutta” in UD-I, UD-A, and UD-T.

[80] This sutta is unique to this book. The prose also appears, in a modified format, at MLDB 123.13 Acchariya-abbhūta Sutta. V54 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

[81] Tusita heaven is one of the thirty-one planes of existence in Buddhism. It’s the third heaven upwards from the human realm. The name literally means the heaven of contented devā.

[82] This sutta is unique to this book. V55 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. See “Appendix 4: The Cow of Killer Kammā”.

[83] On the four noble truths, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[84] On fetters and levels of awakening, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[85] A Private Buddha is a self-enlightened one who sits between a rightly self-enlightened Buddha and an Arahant. A rightly self-enlightened Buddha is not only self-enlightened but is also capable of teaching others and establishing a dispensation. A Private Buddha is self-enlightened but is not able to teach others or establish a dispensation. An Arahant is neither self-enlightened (needs the Teachings of a Buddha to realize Arahantship) nor can she teach others. Not only are the time and efforts required to reach each of these states vastly different, the abilities and understandings achieved at each state are also vastly different. See the Commentary on Sn-B 1.3 Khaggavisāṇa Sutta V35-V75 for a detailed exposition.

Here, I am reading and translating apabyāmato (insulting) rather than apasabyato.

[86] This sutta is unique to this book. V56-V57 = THIG V247-V248, with minor differences and padā & lines organized differently. The order in Udāna is more logical and better organized. V56-V57 are also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi; while only V56 is in CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

[87] This sutta is at NDB 8.20 (without the verse) as well as at CST Vinaya-Cūḷavaggapāḷi-9 Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakaṃ-1 Pātimokkhuddesayācanā, 2 Mahāsamuddeaṭṭhacchariyaṃ, 3 Imasmiṃdhammavinayeaṭṭhacchariyaṃ (with the verse). V58 = THAG V447, also at CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi, CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi, and CST Vinaya-Parivārapāḷi 339.

NDB 8.19 is a dialogue between Pahārāda the king of Asurā and Lord Buddha. The simile and comparison between the ocean and the Dhamma-Vinaya is also repeated there, without the foreground story related to the Uposatha observance. This Pahārāda is most likely Prahalāda, the son of Hiranyakashipu, in the Hindu mythology.

Uposatha is a Buddhist day of observance (called Poya day in Sri Lanka). On Uposatha days, lay people observe eightfold precepts: (1) Not to kill, (2) Not to steal, (3) Not to engage in sexual intercourse, (4) Not to speak lies, (5) Not to take intoxicants, (6) Not to eat food between noon and the following dawn, (7) Not to sing, dance or watch entertainments, not to use ornaments, cosmetics or perfumes, and (8) Not to sit or lie on a luxurious or high seat or bed – see NDB 8.41. See NDB 3.70 for comparison of Uposathā of a Cowherd, a Jain, and a Noble Disciple. For further details, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uposatha.

On Uposatha days, Pātimokkha, the basic code of Buddhist monastic discipline, is recited by the higher-ordained members of the Saṅgha – both Bhikkhus and Bhikkhunis, but separately. They each have their own Pātimokkha with differing number of rules – 227 for Bhikkhus and 311 for the Bhikkhunis. For complete details, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pāṭimokkha.

[88] On nandimukhī, see endnote on the same term in 23 Yasoja Sutta.

[89] Yojana is a unit of measurement of distance, according to the Vāyu Purāṇa, which also provides a conversion table among various units. Yojana occurs very frequently in the Ṛg-veda and in later works as a measure of distance but there is no reference defining its real length. Later, it is reckoned at four Krośas or about nine miles. It is also calculated at 8 Krośas or 18 miles and the estimate of 2 miles is also found.

timi, timiṅgalo, and timitimiṅgalo are sea creatures (Commentary calls them fishes) about whom we possess very little information, except what comes from commentary.

[90] This resolves for us the perennial debate of sudden vs. gradual penetration, especially in Chan and Zen schools. It confirms both the gradual school and the sudden school theories: the preparatory road to get there is very long (like the continental shelf that gradually slopes and inclines) while the enlightenment is sudden (like the deep trench or chasm). THAG V906 line 2 and THIG V116 line 2 are quite similar and speak to the same theme of how sudden is the liberation of the mind. Also see 10 Bāhiya Sutta.

[91] In the list of the rivers here – Gaṅgā, Yamunā, Aciravatī, Sarabhū, Mahī – Saraswati is missing confirming that it was already a dried-up river at that point.

[92] On the four foundations of mindfulness, four right strivings, four bases for spiritual power, five faculties, five powers, seven factors of enlightenment, and the Noble Eightfold Path; see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”. Collectively, these 37 aids are called “Thirty-Seven Aids to Enlightenment (bodhipakkhiyā dhammā)”.

[93] On the levels of awakening, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[94] This sutta including the verse is at CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-5 Cammakkhandhako-157 Soṇakuṭikaṇṇavatthu and 158 Mahākaccānassa pañcavaraparidassanā. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Mahākaccāna Thera and “Appendix 13: Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa Thera”.

[95] Section of Eights refers to the fourth chapter of the Suttanipātapāḷi (Aṭṭhakavagga) – see Sn-B Chapter of Octads V766-V975.

[96] This sutta is unique to this book. V60 also in CST Kathāvatthupāḷi as well as CST Therāpadānapāḷi. See “Appendix 14: Kaṅkhārevata Thera”.

[97] This sutta, including the verse with minor differences, is included in CST Vinaya-Cūḷavaggapāḷi-7 Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ-2 Dutiyabhāṇavāro-Pañcavatthuyācanakathā, which has much more details. See “Appendix 15: Devadatta Thera”. UD-I, UD-T, and UD-A title this sutta as “Ānanda Sutta”.

[98] On Uposatha, see the endnote on 45 Uposatha Sutta. Saṅghakammāni means Procedural and Disciplinary proceedings of the Saṅgha such as admission of new Bhikkhus, disciplinary actions, and so on. Such legal actions must take place within a designated legal boundary area, known as Sīmā.

[99] This sutta is unique to this book. V62 is also at MLDB 128.6 Upakkilesa (Imperfections) Sutta, CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-10 Kosambakakkhandhako-272 Dīghāvuvatthu, and CST Jātakapāḷi-428-Kosambiya Jātaka.

Commentary explains that these were young brāhmaṇa students and they were reciting loudly (uccāsaddamahāsaddaṃ, like in the 23 Yasoja Sutta). This would accord with Indian Vedic Ashram system where reciting Vedā is part of the curriculum. Here I read saddāyamānarūpā (reciters, Bhajan singers) to cover the group of people that believe in Bhajans, prayers, and recitals as purification, to appease and praise the divinities. Bhajans are devotional songs and prayers. In fact, in Mumbai (formerly Bombay) local trains, there are certain train compartments that are known as the Bhajan compartments. In about 3-hour end-to-end train journey, that compartment is continuously vibrating with Bhajans; while singers, instrumentalists, and chorus get on and off at their stops.

UD-I and UD-A translate as mocking, while UD-T translates as jeering. MLDB 128.6 translation of V62 is very different.

[100] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 16: Cūḷapanthaka Thera”. The last three padā of V63 do appear at CST Jātakapāḷi-522-Sarabhaṅga Jātaka V92.

[101] This sutta including the verse is at LDB 16.3.1-10 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta, CDB 51.10 Cetiya (The Shrine) Sutta, and NDB 8.70 Bhūmicāla (Earthquakes) Sutta [which continues with additional prose]. V64 also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. This sutta takes place after the final nibbāna of both Venerables Sāriputta and Mahāmoggallāna.

[102] Udena and Gotamaka shrines were likely tree shrines. Sattamba Shrine was the place where the Seven Daughters of King Kikī strove for enlightenment in the past during the time of Lord Kassapa Buddha. Bahuputta shrine was a Banyan Tree that was worshipped by women desiring sons. Sārandada and Cāpāla shrine were named after namesake yakkhā. On the four bases for spiritual power, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[103] The sentence “Venerable Sir, the Blessed One had spoken these words” in this and the next four paragraphs refers to the fact that Māra had earlier requested Lord Buddha to attain complete liberation and at that time, Lord Buddha had given these replies – see LDB 16.3.34-35 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta. Endnote 251 on CDB 51.10 Cetiya (The Shrine) Sutta states “Interestingly, no such earlier conversation between the Buddha and Māra is recorded elsewhere in the Nikāyā”. This appears to be incorrect.

[104] UD-I, UD-A, and UD-T translate tulamatulañca as “measurable and immeasurable”.

[105] This sutta is also at CDB 3.11 Sattajaṭila (Seven Matted-Hair Ascetics) Sutta, but the verse(s) between them are completely different. See “Appendix 12: Queen Mallikā and King Pasenadi Kosala”.

[106] Here, Jains are referred separately than the Naked Ascetics so perhaps at that point, they had not spilt in Shwetambar (wearer of white clothes) and Digambar (naked) sects and were all Shwetambar – or at the least, only the Shwetambars visited populated places while the Digambars stayed in the forest.

[107] Here I am reading carā (spies) rather than corā (thieves).

[108] I read vāṇiṃ, vaṇī, vāṇijaṃ (trade) here, not vaṇiṃ (wounded, bruised).

[109] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 53 and 67 are based on the same template. Commentary provides an extensive list of both akusala and kusala dhammā.

[110] This sutta is unique to this book but the sectarian views and arguments are encountered and refuted across the length and breadth of the Sutta Piṭaka. Suttā 54, 55, and 56 are based on the same template and theme. The born-blind also appears in MLDB 75.20 Māgandiya Sutta with a different simile.

[111] I have broken the Pāḷi paragraph in four English paragraphs as well as numbered the views. These particular sectarian views are encountered at LDB 9.25-27 Poṭṭhapāda Sutta, MLDB 25.10 Nivāpa (Bait) Sutta, MLDB 72.3-12 Aggivacchagotta Sutta, and NDB 10.93 View Sutta (where householder Anāthapiṇḍika refutes these views).

[112] Both naṅguṭṭhaṃ and vāladhi are described as tail in all the dictionaries I consulted. However, later on in the sutta, born-blind people describe naṅguṭṭhaṃ as pestle and vāladhi as broom so accordingly, I translate them as tail and tail-end everywhere.

[113] On this very important topic, see the verse of Suhemanta Thera (THAG V106):

“Goal [Nibbāna] with hundred characteristics, bearer of hundred marks;

Seer of one limb is unwise, one who sees [all] hundred is wise”.

[114] This sutta is identical to the next sutta, except for minor language differences, none of which affect the meaning. The verses between them are completely different.

This sutta is unique to this book but the sectarian views and arguments are encountered and refuted across the length and breadth of the Sutta Piṭaka. Suttā 54, 55, and 56 are based on the same template and theme.

[115] I have broken this Pāḷi paragraph in four English paragraphs to be able to point to differences. I have also numbered the views. See the next endnote.

[116] These sectarian views are encountered at LDB 29.34 Pasadika Sutta but there, the views represented in the last two paragraphs (views 9 to 16) do not refer to the world and the self – they refer only to happiness-suffering. Both UD-I and UD-T are missing views 9 to 12.

[117] tamogadha here can be thought of in two ways: “merging with darkness” as I have translated OR “they unreached firm footing” (as UD-A, UD-T, and UD-A translate it).

[118] This sutta is identical to the previous sutta, except for minor language differences, none of which affect the meaning. The verses between them are completely different.

This sutta is unique to this book but the sectarian views and arguments are encountered and refuted across the length and breadth of the Sutta Piṭaka – see LDB 29 Pasadika Sutta. Suttā 54, 55, and 56 are based on the same template and theme.

[119] I have broken this Pāḷi paragraph in four English paragraphs and also numbered the views.

[120] These sectarian views are encountered at LDB 29.34 Pasadika Sutta but there, the views 9 to 16 do not refer to the world and the self – they refer only to happiness-suffering. Both UD-I and UD-T are missing views 9 to 12.

[121] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 17: Subhūti Thera”.

[122] Here calmness of thoughts is used to describe a concentration that doesn’t have thoughts, not in the sense of inconsiderate or careless.

[123] I read “na jātimetīti” here rather than “jātu metī” here. On attachments and bonds, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[124] This sutta is unique to this book. The udāna here appears in part in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi.

[125] All translations differ for this udāna. Both UD-T and UD-A render this paragraph in verse format. On the usage of undershoot and overshoot in regard to becoming and not-becoming, see ITI 49 Diṭṭhigata (Gone to View) Sutta.

[126] This sutta is unique to this book. Commentary equates moth in this sutta to sectarians.

[127] UD-I and UD-A translate itiheke in the last line as some while UD-T translates it as those. I translate it as oral tradition.

[128] This sutta is unique to this book.

[129] Here I am reading titthiyānaṃ (sectarians) rather than takkikānaṃ (reasoners, logicians). UD-I renders these two verses as prose.

[130] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 61 and 62 are based on the same template and theme. V76 also appears in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Sāriputta Thera and “Appendix 18: Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Thera”.

[131] On taints, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[132] Here, commentary explains above as the higher five fetters and below as the lower five fetters. Alternately, above is future and below is past.

[133] This sutta and verse are unique to this book. Suttā 61 and 62 are based on the same template and theme. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Sāriputta Thera and “Appendix 18: Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Thera”.

[134] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 63 and 64 are based on the same template and are almost identical except for two minor differences. The verses between them are completely different. V78 also appears in CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

[135] kāmasaṅgasattā can be translated as “beings clinging to sensual pleasures” as well as “attached and clinging to sensual pleasures”. On attachments, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[136] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 63 and 64 are based on the same template and are almost identical except for two minor differences. The verses between them are completely different. V79 = THAG V297, albeit we have an extra line here and a minor difference that doesn’t affect the meaning. V79 also appears in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi and CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

[137] This sutta is at CDB 21.6 Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Sutta but there, it’s much elided and abridged. The verse(s) between them are completely different. The V80 here appears in CDB 41.5 Kāmabhū (1) where Venerable Kāmabhū asks Householder Citta to explain the meaning of this verse, which he does. V80 also appears in CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi. See “Appendix 18: Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Thera”.

[138] On higher knowledges, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[139] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 19: Aññāsikoṇḍañña Thera”. Also see First Five Disciples in “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”.

[140] This sutta is unique to this book. Suttā 53 and 67 are based on the same template. V82 also appears in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi.

[141] Commentary describes proliferation as of six kinds: lust, hate, delusion, craving, views, and conceit (rāgadosamohataṇhādiṭṭhimānā). Sign of beautiful is the reason for the arising of lust-based proliferation. Similarly, ill-will/hatred is the reason for arising of hate-based proliferation, taints for the arising of delusion-based proliferation, feelings for the arising of craving-based proliferation, perception for the arising of views-based proliferation, and thoughts for the arising of conceit-based proliferation.

[142] In the last pada here, nāvajānāti can be thought of in two ways: does not know or does not despise. While all other translators have opted for does not despise (commentary also supports this), to me it appears that the better simile is that the dwelling of an Arahant is such that it’s inaccessible to anyone else who is not an Arahant – see V24 in this book, THAG V1087, CDB 22.79 Khajjanīya (Being Devoured) Sutta, and NDB 11.9 Saddha (Sandha) Sutta.

[143] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism” on Mahākaccāna Thera.

[144] I have inserted single quotes in line 2 to indicate a classic Buddhist teaching. See MLDB 106.10 Āneñjasappāya Sutta, CDB 22.55 Inspired Utterance Sutta, and CDB 24.4 It Might Not Be For Me Sutta.

[145] This sutta is unique to this book. A brāhmaṇa village named Thūṇa, perhaps this one, is designated as the border between the heart-land (so-called middle-country) and the border-lands by the Blessed One in the CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-5 Cammakkhandhako-158 Mahākaccānassa pañcavaraparidassanā.

[146] This sutta is unique to this book. V85 is also in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi. See “Appendix 20: Sāmāvatī, Māgaṇḍiyā, & Udena”. UD-I and UD-T translate the first paragraph as if the Women’s Area was in the Garden. I follow DPPN and the statement above “rañño utenassa uyyānagatassa” to translate it as “while King Utena had gone to the garden”.

[147] The last pada is translated by all translators as “for the one who sees, there is nothing”. I take kiñcana as obstructions and translate accordingly.

[148] This sutta appears to be unique to this book. Suttā 71-74 are based on the same theme and template.

[149] This sutta appears to be unique to this book. Suttā 71-74 are based on the same theme and template.

[150] On the truths, see “Appendix 1: Buddhist Path by Numbered Lists”. The last pada is translated by all translators as “for the one who sees, there is nothing”. I take kiñcana as obstructions and translate accordingly.

[151] This instruction is also at ITI 43 Ajāta (Unborn) Sutta, which additionally has verses, and doesn’t have the setting. Suttā 71-74 are based on the same theme and template.

[152] This instruction in full is also at MLDB 144.11 Channovāda (Advice to Channa) Sutta and CDB 35.87 Channa Sutta, with slightly different translations. Suttā 71-74 are based on the same theme and template.

[153] This sutta including the verses is at LDB 16.4.13-43 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta (we are missing LDB Mahāparinibbāna Sutta 16.4.26 to 16.4.38 here). V87 = CST Milindapañhapāḷi-4 Meṇḍakapañho-3 Paṇāmitavaggo-6 Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañho verse, V92 also in CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

[154] The opinion is very divided on what exactly sūkaramaddava was, with CST DN commentary giving three explanations: (1) tender parts of a young pig, (2) rice cooked with five products of cow, or (3) an elixir of life (all as reported in LDB endnote 417). The UD Commentary gives following four explanations: (1) fresh, tender, and soft pig-meat (sūkarassa mudusiniddhaṃ pavattamaṃsa), (2) Young Bamboo sprouts trampled by pigs (sūkarehi madditavaṃsakaḷīro), (3) Mushrooms (sūkarehi madditappadese jātaṃ ahichattaka), and (4) An Elixir of life (sūkaramaddavaṃ nāma ekaṃ rasāyana).

Modern translators have translated Sūkaramaddava as truffles, mushrooms, pig’s delight, etc. While the meaning of the term “sūkaramaddavaṃ” is not clear, what is clear is that there is a very high-degree of confusion about its meaning. Please see TB&V “2.11 Offerings to the Saṅgha” for an in-depth discussion on this term. UD-I doesn’t translate it, UD-A translates it as tender pork, and UD-T as pig-delicacy.

[155] Commentary states that sūkaramaddava was infused with divine essences by the devā and hence was indigestible to anyone else in the world. However, a more cogent explanation might be that Lord Buddha knew his final passing away was less than a day away and that this Sūkaramaddava would be the quick-acting poison leading him to that end and hence, out of great compassion, he didn’t want anyone else to eat it and be subject to an untimely end.

[156] UD-I translates the third line as “The foremost Teacher, the Lord here now”, UD-A translates it as “The Teacher, the Gracious One, having taught the Dhamma here”, while UD-T translates it as “the Blessed One, Teacher, proceeding here in the Dhamma”.

[157] Lust, hate, and delusion are the three roots of unwholesome; the opposites – non-lust or renunciation, non-hate or loving-friendliness, and non-delusion or knowledge – are the three roots of wholesome – see NDB 3.65 Kesaputtiya Sutta, better known as Kalāma Sutta.

[158] This sutta including the verses is at LDB 16.1.19-34 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta and CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-6 Bhesajjakkhandhako-173 Pāṭaligāmavatthu and 174 Sunidhavassakāravatthu.

[159] The three levels of king’s ministers – great, middling, and lower – can be compared to a Cabinet in a UK-style Parliamentary Democracy. Great ministers would be identical to Union Ministers in a cabinet, middling ministers to Ministers of State (Independent Charge), and lower ministers to Ministers of State.

[160] Here, the noble realm (ariyaṃ āyatanaṃ, Sanskrit: āryāvarta, Zoroastrianism: Airyanem Vaejah) refers to the Land of the Nobles, in general the Northwest-Northern-Central-Eastern-Western India. While āryāvarta was primarily northern and middle India, it would be inappropriate to contrast it with Dravidian Lands (Southern India). Dravidians are also nobles, just in a different geography. The boundaries of the āryāvarta shifted over time and much before the beginning of the first millennium, it was from “sea to shining sea” (Bay of Bengal to Arabian sea).

As far as pāṭaliputtaṃ puṭabhedanaṃ goes, UD-I translates it as “Pāṭaliputta where bales of merchandise will be opened up”, UD-A as “basket-opening Pāṭaliputta” and UD-T as “Pāṭaliputta where the seedpods of the Pāṭali plant break open”. I just translate it as “Pāṭaliputta the mercantile-hub”.

[161] In the parallel passage in LDB 16.1.29 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta, Mr. Walshe has “tomorrow’s meal” whereas here we have “today’s meal”. The parallel passage in CST DN 16 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta also has “today’s meal“. UD-I also has tomorrow’s meal – not knowing the text he had, we don’t know if that is an incorrect translation.

[162] This sutta is unique to this book.

DPPN: Nāgasamāla Thera was a Sakyan and entered the Order when the Buddha visited his kinsmen at Kapilavatthu. For some time he was the Buddha’s personal attendant e.g., when the Buddha taught the MLDB 12 Mahāsīhanāda Sutta (or the Lomahaṃsa-pariyāya Sutta).

One day, when entering the city for alms, he saw a nautch girl gaily dressed, dancing to the accompaniment of music and contemplated her as the snare of Māra. Making this his topic of thought, he developed insight into the perishability of life and became an Arahant (THAG V267-V270). Another day (evidently earlier than the previous incident), while walking with the Buddha, they came to a fork in the road, and the Buddha wished to go along one way, while Nāgasamāla wished to go along another, in spite of the Buddha’s warning that it was dangerous. In the end, he put the Buddha’s begging bowl and robe on the ground and left him. Brigands waylaid him and ill-treated him, breaking his bowl and threatening to kill him. Thereupon he turned back to the Buddha and asked his forgiveness (this sutta).

Nāgasamāla was a householder in the time of Padumuttara Buddha, and seeing the Buddha walking in the sun, he gave him an umbrella. After that, wherever he went a white parasol appeared over his head. For thirty world-cycles he was king of the gods. He is probably to be identified with Ekachattiya of the Apadāna.

[163] Here, while the dictionary defines Koñco as Heron, I translate it as Swan. In Indian mythology, Swan has the discriminatory ability to drink only the milk from the water and milk mixed together. Here, the Swan drinking milk from the river [of water] is essentially the same simile.

[164] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 5: Visākhā Migāramātā”. V98 and V99 are in CST Nettippakaraṇapāḷi; while only V98 is in CST Peṭakopadesapāḷi.

[165] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 21: Dabba Mallaputta Thera”.

[166] This sutta is unique to this book. See “Appendix 21: Dabba Mallaputta Thera”. V101 and V102 are also at Therīapadānapāḷi-2 Ekūposathikavaggo-7 Mahāpajāpatigotamītherīapadānaṃ V286-V287.

[167] Here in the last pada I am reading udānamitimāhu rather than udānamitīdamāhu.

Dīgha Nikāya	Collection of Long Discourses
Majjhima Nikāya	Collection of Middle Length Discourses
Saṃyutta Nikāya	Collection of Thematic Discourses
Aṅguttara Nikāya	Collection of Numerical Discourses
Khuddaka Nikāya	Collection of Minor Discourses

Target à # of suttā â	LDB	MLDB	CDB	NDB	ITI	CST Vinaya	Total
# With Duplication	3	2	5	3	1	11	25
# Without Duplication	3	2	3	3	1	8	20
Specific suttā of Udāna	51, 75, 76	42, 74	41, 51, 52, 65, 74	31, 45, 51	73	1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 20, 35, 45, 46, 48, 76	-
^*Not all suttā listed are fully present in the target. For example, take UD 74. The instruction therein is replicated in full in MLDB 144.11 Channovāda (Advice to Channa) Sutta and CDB 35.87 Channa Sutta so even though while the setting and personalities are different, I have considered them to be the same. Also, many Suttā are listed in more than one target, as can be seen from the “Specific suttā of Udāna” row above. For example, Udāna 51 is in LDB, CDB, and NDB. See Table 2 for details.

Book	Total Suttā	Suttā related to Enlightenment		Suttā related to Mahāparinibbāna
Book	Total Suttā	#	%	#	%
UD	80	6	7.50 %	3	3.75 %
LDB	34	2	5.88 %	1	2.94 %
CDB	2904	10	0.34 %	3	0.10 %
NDB	8122	2	0.02 %	4	0.05 %
DHP	423	2	0.47 %	-	-

Udāna	Target
1	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā
2	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā
3	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-1 Bodhikathā
4	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-2 Ajapālakathā
11	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-1 Mahākhandhako-3 Mucalindakathā
20	CST Vinaya-Cūḷavaggapāḷi-7 Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ-Chasakyapabbajjākathā
31	NDB 9.3 Meghiya Sutta
35	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-10 Kosambakakkhandhako-275 Pālileyyakagamanakathā
41	CDB 3.8 Mallikā Sutta
42	MLDB 123.13 Acchariya-abbhūta Sutta
45	· NDB 8.20 (without the verse) · CST Vinaya-Cūḷavaggapāḷi-9 Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhakaṃ-1 Pātimokkhuddesayācanā, 2 Mahāsamuddeaṭṭhacchariyaṃ, 3 Imasmiṃdhammavinayeaṭṭhacchariyaṃ (with the verse)
46	CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-5 Cammakkhandhako-157 Soṇakuṭikaṇṇavatthu, 158 Mahākaccānassa pañcavaraparidassanā
48	CST Vinaya-Cūḷavaggapāḷi-7 Saṅghabhedakakkhandhakaṃ-2 Dutiyabhāṇavāro-Pañcavatthuyācanakathā
51	· LDB 16.3.1-10 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta · CDB 51.10 Cetiya (The Shrine) Sutta · NDB 8.70 Bhūmicāla (Earthquakes) Sutta
52	CDB 3.11 Sattajaṭila (Seven Matted-Hair Ascetics) Sutta
65	CDB 21.6 Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Sutta
73	ITI 43 Ajāta (Unborn) Sutta
74	· MLDB 144.11 Channovāda (Advice to Channa) Sutta · CDB 35.87 Channa Sutta
75	LDB 16.4.13-43 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta (missing 16.4.26 to 16.4.38)
76	· LDB 16.1.19-34 Mahāparinibbāna Sutta · CST Vinaya-Mahāvaggapāḷi-6 Bhesajjakkhandhako-173 Pāṭaligāmavatthu and 174 Sunidhavassakāravatthu

Introduction

1. Bodhivaggo – Section on Enlightenment

2. Mucalindavaggo – Section on Mucalinda

3. Nandavaggo – Section on Nanda

4. Meghiyavaggo – Section on Meghiya

5. Soṇavaggo – Section on Soṇa

6. Jaccandhavaggo – Section on Born-Blind

7. Cūḷavaggo – Smaller Section

8. Pāṭaligāmiyavaggo – Section on People of Pāṭaligāma

Appendix 3: The Brāhmaṇā of Buddhism

Appendix 5: Visākhā Migāramātā

Appendix 10: Piṇḍolabhāradvāja Thera

Appendix 11: Upasena Vaṅgantaputta Thera

Appendix 12: Queen Mallikā and King Pasenadi Kosala

Appendix 13: Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa Thera

Appendix 14: Kaṅkhārevata Thera

Appendix 15: Devadatta Thera

Appendix 16: Cūḷapanthaka Thera

Appendix 17: Subhūti Thera

Appendix 18: Lakuṇḍaka Bhaddiya Thera

Appendix 19: Aññāsikoṇḍañña Thera

Appendix 20: Sāmāvatī, Māgaṇḍiyā, & Udena

Appendix 21: Dabba Mallaputta Thera